Radiology and Medical Diagnostic Imaging最新文献

{"title":"Size Specific Dose Estimate in Abdominal Computed Tomography by AAPM TG Report-204 and AAPM TG Report-220","authors":"Mudasir Ashraf Shah, S. M. Danish Qaseem, Md Ahmad, Saifullah Khalid, Shagufta Wahab, Sajad Ahmad Rather, S. Y. Masood","doi":"10.31487/j.rdi.2023.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.rdi.2023.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The AAPM Task Group (TG) reports 204 and 220 presented methods for evaluation of patient dose by announcing the SSDE. The TG reports provide the Size Specific Conversion factors that can be multiplied to CTDIvol to calculate the patient dose in terms of SSDE constructed from Deff (AAPM TG-204) and Dw (AAPM TG-220). Our study presents a comparison of the two TG reports on SSDE for the routine Abdominal Computed Tomography. \u0000Materials and Methods: The scan lengths of abdomen were measured from computed tomography (CT) topographic images and cross-section at the mid-slice of the abdomen were measured from tomographic images of 61 adults who had undergone abdominal CT using the GE Advance Workstation (AWS) software. The Deff and Dw was computed according to TG- 204 and TG-220 reports, respectively. Further, we performed the correlation analysis between Deff and BMI, Dw and BMI and SSDE and BMI for both the TG- reports. The Student’s paired t-test was performed to compare the two of SSDE calculation methods. \u0000Results: The results confirm that the mean value of SSDE is 13.04 (𝑚𝐺𝑦) and 13.60 (𝑚𝐺𝑦) for AAPM TG-220 and AAPM TG-204, respectively. And a good positive correlation was observed between Deff and BMI, Dw and BMI with r = 0.67 and r = 0.68 respectively. Also, the weak correlation was observed between SSDE and BMI for both the TG - reports. The Student’s paired t-test shows that the two means of SSDE calculation methods are significantly different (𝑝< 0.01) in abdominal computed tomography. \u0000Conclusion: We confirm the AAPM TG reports 204/220 using clinical data for SSDE calculation that the mean SSDE values computed from Deff and Dw in abdomenal computed tomography are significantly different and we conclude that the SSDE calculated by Dw method gives a more accurate evaluation of SSDE for the patients undergoing abdominal computed tomography scan then the SSDE calculated by Deff method.","PeriodicalId":308916,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Medical Diagnostic Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122412121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Potential Solution to Assess the Absorbed Dose at Any Point in Breast During Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) Imaging Using a Novel Monte Carlo Simulation Software","authors":"Tokiko Nakamura, H. Kato, Shoichi Suzuki, Sachila Niroshani, I. Kobayashi, Kyoichi Kato, T. Negishi, Ryusuke Irie","doi":"10.31487/j.rdi.2022.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.rdi.2022.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating the average glandular dose (AGD) from a mammographic exam is essential for assessing radiation-induced cancer risk. In this study, we propose Mdec-Toki Monte Carlo Method with the aim of visualizing the dose distribution of the entire breast under different arbitrary glandularities, compressed thicknesses, and exposure parameters and evaluating the absorbed dose at an arbitrary point. A phantom with 50% glandularity values was used for the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters measurements to obtain the percentage depth dose PDD from the incident surface to the emission surface. Using the Mdec-Toki method under the same settings as those used for actual measurements and PDD was used to calculate the AGD. The PDD and AGD at an arbitrary point, obtained from Mdec-Toki method simulations and the actual measurements using OSL were similar. The proposed method may be adapted to individual patients and can support radiation safety management during mammography.","PeriodicalId":308916,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Medical Diagnostic Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130029805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Assessment of Iodine Intensity of Different Types of Lesions in the Low-Energy (LE) Images of Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography (CESM)","authors":"Sachila Niroshani, Tokiko Nakamura, N. Michiru, T. Negishi","doi":"10.31487/j.rdi.2021.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.rdi.2021.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To assess the iodine enhancement intensity of breast lesions in low energy (LE) images obtained in contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) with different tissue compositions.\u0000Materials and Methods: A 50 mm dedicated phantom with different lesion insert and iodine insert were used to assess the enhancement intensity quantitatively. The target slab of the phantom consists of three lesions + iodine inserts together and 100% adipose equivalent,100% glandular equivalent inserts alone to mimic the adipose and glandular lesion without contrast-enhancement. Each iodine inserts having a concentration of 0.5 mgI/cm3, 1.0 mgI/cm3, 2.0 mgI/cm3. The phantom was exposed under semiautomated function at 28 kV, 30 kV, and 32 kV with Mo/Rh target/filter combination. Iodine intensity was estimated for three types of lesions at three breast equivalent compositions.\u0000Results: Lesions with fatty tissue had high intensity while lesions with glandular tissues had the minimum intensity. Among fatty lesions, highest mean intensity value (0.972±0.003) observed with minimum iodine concentration (F + 0.5 mgI/cm3). The highest mean intensity value (0.882±0.001) was found related to the glandular lesion with maximum iodine concentration (G + 2.0 mgI/cm3). The one-way ANOVA statistical test confirmed that mean intensity values were significantly varied among different lesions (P < 0.05).\u0000Conclusion: LE images obtained in CESM can be used to identify the different types of lesions without performing the full field digital mammography (FFDM) as an additional examination prior to the CESM procedure.","PeriodicalId":308916,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Medical Diagnostic Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121683505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiological Correlation of Negative Appendectomies: A Clinical Audit","authors":"Aliya Ishaq, Sameera Naureen, Yasir M. Amin, Muhammad jamshaid Khan, A. Latif, S. Anwar, E. Ghazi","doi":"10.31487/j.rdi.2021.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.rdi.2021.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Appendectomy is the most common surgical emergency and negative appendectomy is a one of recognized consequence of appendectomy. Recently an increased use of radiology is seen in diagnosing appendicitis and it has significantly decreased the rate of negative appendectomy. Every effort should be made to establish an exact diagnosis. If, however, this is impossible and a suspicion of appendicitis exists, exploration is mandatory. It is far better to subject a moderate number of patients to a theoretically unnecessary operation than to let one patient suffer perforation.\u0000Aim: Recently we have seen an increased use of radiology in our department for diagnosing appendicitis. The idea of conducting this audit was to calculate our negative appendectomy rate by correlating it with use of radiology and to compare it with international figures and to set up guidelines for use of radiology in diagnosing appendicitis on basis of results of our audit.\u0000Methods: Records of all patients who underwent appendectomy in Dubai Hospital, UAE from Jan 2018 to Jan 2019 were retrospectively analysed using electronic record system. Clinical diagnosis and radiological findings were compared with histopathology as gold standard for negative appendectomy rate. The sensitivity and specificity of different radiological procedures was calculated as well.\u0000Results: Total 165 patients underwent appendectomy in specified duration. Overall negative appendectomy rate was 17% with male being 9.7% and female rate 31%. CT scan was found to be 100% specific and 91.4% sensitive in diagnosing appendicitis while clinical diagnosis was accurate in 88.5% cases.","PeriodicalId":308916,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Medical Diagnostic Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134528110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Short Review of Benefits of Using Chest CT Characteristics for Early diagnoses to Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","authors":"R. Vennila, P. Venkatraman","doi":"10.31487/j.rdi.2020.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.rdi.2020.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"In 21st century, the year 2020 was expected with much development in India as well many other countries.\u0000But unfortunately, the world is facing many natural calamities. World is taking steps towards rescue mission\u0000of the disasters. Among of those calamities, deadly Corona Virus remains still all over the world as pandemic\u0000disease. Even the developed countries are struggling to come back to its normal routine. India is a country\u0000with developing technologies. Vaccines are yet to be developed for treatment of this Novel Corona Virus.\u0000As a diagnostic tool, Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal swabs are taken from the person and tested using\u0000RT-PCR. This test is not 100 percent accurate. Confirmed COVID patients after few days are undergoing\u0000the medical imaging. This diagnostic imaging technique helps in showing the progression of this virus\u0000spread in Upper and Lower respiratory system. Chest Radiography is low cost modality but its sensitivity\u0000towards observation is 69%. Lung Ultrasound is used in Intensive Care patients and not used for routine\u0000diagnosing purpose. Computed Tomography plays a crucial role in three-dimensional chest imaging of\u0000COVID-19 patients. The sensitivity of CT is 98%. The aim of this paper is to consider CT as a tool for\u0000diagnosing COVID-19 patient than using the standard tool RT-PCR. A brief knowledge about imaging\u0000modality like X-ray, Ultrasound and Computed Tomography when used against COVID patient is\u0000explained. This paper gives reason for the ideal use of CT diagnosis for COVID 19.","PeriodicalId":308916,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Medical Diagnostic Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116732131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Uptake of Radio-iodine in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer","authors":"K. Kulkarni","doi":"10.31487/j.rdi.2020.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.rdi.2020.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"Radioiodine is often seen to accumulate within breast tissue in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.\u0000Although the risk of secondary breast malignancy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with\u0000radioiodine is controversial, the identification and reduction of this uptake is prudent to minimize the\u0000radiation absorbed dose to the breast tissue. This article reviews the literature describing the etiology,\u0000frequency and patterns of radioiodine uptake in breast tissue. Approaches and techniques to help minimize\u0000the radioiodine uptake in lactating and nonlactating breasts are presented.","PeriodicalId":308916,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Medical Diagnostic Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128640817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the Preferred Interventional Approach to Trigeminal Ganglion Using Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Stereoscopic Model","authors":"A. Prem, Dongmei Cui, Edgar R Meyer, Gongchao Yang, Jian Chen, Rachel Crim","doi":"10.31487/J.RDI.2020.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/J.RDI.2020.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Trigeminal ganglion injection is a common procedure for many facial pain syndromes, including trigeminal\u0000neuralgia. The procedure is usually done under fluoroscopy guidance to target at the foramen ovale where\u0000lies the trigeminal ganglion and the mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve exits. In this project, Amira®\u0000software was used to create 3D structures that can be visualized stereoscopically and involve the structures\u0000to study the procedure pathway. The detailed anatomical structures include the skin, skull, external and\u0000internal pterygoid muscle, masseter muscle, buccinator muscle, external carotidartery and its branches,\u0000internal carotid artery and its branches, vertebral artery, trigeminal ganglion and its branches, internal\u0000jugular vein, and parotid gland were created. The structures’ relationships and potential complications are\u0000described. The 3D model is used to guide and educate students about safe procedure pathways and may\u0000potentially be used to evaluate and modify procedures scientifically.\u0000","PeriodicalId":308916,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Medical Diagnostic Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130672007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Collimator on DaT-SPECT Imaging: Monte Carlo Simulation Study","authors":"Akihiko Takahashi, K. Himuro, K. Funada, M. Sasaki, S. Baba","doi":"10.31487/j.rdi.2019.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.rdi.2019.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the collimator in viewing the dopamine\u0000transporter, using 123I ioflupane single-photon emission computed tomography (DaT-SPECT) images\u0000utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation.\u0000Methods: For the purpose of this study, the Monte Carlo simulation of electrons and photons (MCEP)-\u0000SPECT was used. A numerical phantom was created from a real basal ganglia phantom and installed within\u0000the code. The specific binding ratios (SBRs) were 5.03 and 2.01 for the background concentration of 7.44\u0000kBq/mL or 7.04 and 3.03 for a background concentration of 5.56 kBq/mL. The simulated images were\u0000evaluated using a recovery coefficient (RC). Initially, we simulated the performance of 14 collimators\u0000without resolution correction to investigate the impact of the collimator dimension. The effects of two\u0000resolution correction methods (collimator broad correction (CBC) and three-dimensional frequency–\u0000distance relationship (3D-FDR)) on two reconstruction methods (Ordered-Subsets Expectation\u0000Maximization (OSEM) and Filtered back projection (FBP)) was assessed for collimators that demonstrated\u0000a better RC value.\u0000Results: Five low-energy high-resolution (LEHR) collimators and one medium-energy general-purpose\u0000(MEGP) collimator demonstrated superior RC values. These collimators had a high aspect ratio (holelength/hole-diameter). The maximum RC value without resolution correction was 64.9% when the image\u0000was reconstructed with OSEM. The RC value improved to 79.7% when the resolution correction of CBC\u0000was applied. When the resolution collection was applied, the RCs improved by approximately 1.2 times\u0000when compared against those without the resolution correction. In terms of the reconstruction method, the\u0000RC obtained using OSEM was statistically insignificant when compared to the RC using FBP. The\u0000difference in the RC value with collimators decreased according to resolution correction.\u0000Conclusion: The LEHR collimator with a high aspect ratio, and the OSEM with spatial resolution correction\u0000were confirmed to be appropriate for DaT-SPECT imaging. In terms of the reconstruction method, CBC\u0000was more favourable than FDR.","PeriodicalId":308916,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Medical Diagnostic Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124832360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"False-Positive Calcifications and Radiation Dose in Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring Using Iterative Reconstruction on The Basis of a Noise Threshold","authors":"D. Grönemeyer, B. Brandts, C. Lehrenfeld, Frauke Metz, M. Garmer, O. Klein-Wiele","doi":"10.31487/j.rdi.2019.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.rdi.2019.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation dose from cardiac CT seems to be underestimated. To determine the effect of iterative reconstruction in coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring on false positive lesions and radiation dose using a noise threshold. Noise-based thresholds have been previously suggested to reduce false positive lesions in lower dose protocols. In 388 matched pairs of patients we performed CAC scoring using a 320-row CT-scanner with standard dose filtered backprojection (FBP) and lower dose iterative reconstruction (IR). Dose modulation was based on a noise threshold. Radiation dose, image quality and extent of false-positive calcifications were obtained. IR versus FBP showed a reduced dose length product (median 61 versus 74; p< 0.001), less noise (median SD 14.71 versus 18.07; p< 0.001) and higher signal-to-noise ratio (median 4.01 versus 3.14; p< 0.001). Using IR in 388 patients, a low quantity of false-positive calcifications was found in 302 patients, a moderate quantity in 76 patients and a high quantity in 10 patients, while using FBP, the corresponding distribution of patients was 79, 175 and 134 (p<0.001). In this clinical setting we confirm the observation of a phantom study that CAC scoring using iterative reconstruction and a noise threshold is effective for the reduction of radiation dose.","PeriodicalId":308916,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Medical Diagnostic Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134118107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mastication Problems and Dysphagia In 4 Patients with Treacher Collins Syndrome Due to Affected Orofacial Muscles","authors":"C. Erasmus, L. V. Haaften, L. Engel-Hoek, M. Lagarde, M. V. Gerven, R. Admiraal","doi":"10.31487/j.rdi.2019.03.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31487/j.rdi.2019.03.09","url":null,"abstract":"Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a rare congenital disorder of craniofacial development affecting 1 in 50 000 live births. The spectrum of the clinical features is wide ranging from mild to severe anatomical deviances, affecting breathing, mastication, swallowing, facial expression, hearing and speech. The aim of this study was to describe the experienced feeding and swallowing problems and to study the related orofacial muscles in four patients with Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS), in order to increase important knowledge concerning mastication and swallowing problems in children with TCS.\u0000Four children with TCS were evaluated with a clinical feeding and swallowing assessment. In addition, quantitative muscle ultrasound of orofacial muscles was performed.\u0000The mastication problems and dysphagia are due to a range of problems. Orofacial muscles were hypoplastic with a deviant structure influencing strength. We recommend a regularly assessment with special attention to mastication, intake and growth. Training (maintain chewing) and compensation (adequate intake) should be advised.","PeriodicalId":308916,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Medical Diagnostic Imaging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126229068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}