Gender and behaviour最新文献

{"title":"Adaptation of an HIV behavioural disinhibition risk reduction intervention for recently circumcised South African men","authors":"Q. Kekana, M. Banyini, S. Jooste, L. Simbayi, K. Peltzer","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I1.67453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I1.67453","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa urgently needs HIV behavioural disinhibition risk reduction interventions for recently circumcised men for use in clinic and community settings. A theory-based HIV behavioural disinhibition risk reduction counselling intervention has recently been adapted for use in a South African traditional and medical circumcision setting. The 3 hours behavioural disinhibition risk reduction counselling was grounded in the Information- Motivation-Behavioural Skills (IMB) model of HIV preventive behaviour change, adapted through interdisciplinary collaborative workshops and feasibility study. This paper reports the process of adapting the behavioural disinhibition risk reduction counselling intervention into a medical and traditional male circumcision setting. The processes used for adapting the HIV behavioural disinhibition risk reduction counselling for South African men provides a potential model for translating behavioural intervention into clinical and community settings in South African cultural contexts. Several lessons learned from this process may help guide future efforts to translate behavioural medicine HIV prevention technologies into the male circumcision contexts.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131339498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Difference, Exposure to Domestic Violence and Adolescents' Identity Development","authors":"Es Idemudia, S. Makhubela","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I1.67451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I1.67451","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic abuse is a kind of violence common in South Africa which for most part focuses on women. Children and adolescents who witness these abuses are hardly the focus of domestic abuse research. Hence the need to understand the relationship between gender, exposure to domestic violence and identity development of adolescents. Based on a cross-sectional design, a questionnaire with three sections A, B and C was used to collect data from 109 randomly selected adolescent young men and girls from the University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Limpopo Province in South Africa. Age of participants ranged from 15-20 years with a mean age of 18.7 years (SD = .946). The child exposure to domestic violence scale (CEDV) was used to dichotomize exposed and non exposed groups while gender was defined as male/female. Two hypotheses were stated within a 2-way factorial ANOVA. Results showed a significant main effect for group exposure, (F (1,109) =9.395, P Gender and Exposure were not significant. However, mean scores of participants show that non-exposed males had higher changes in identity development (M =118.3, SD = 18.7) than females (M = 115.4, SD =19.4) but the difference did not reach an acceptable level of significance. These findings have significant practical implications for domestic violence and children witnessing this violence and the health and psychological outcomes for adolescent development and adult life. The study also suggests the need for more research in this direction and a need for culturally relevant programmes to help adolescents and children in abusive homes and in addition help families deal with myths that have cultural relevance to factors maintaining battering.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132501091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deconstructing Discourses of Gender Equality in Cross-Gender Friendships: Grade Seven Boys and Girls in an Inner-City School","authors":"Melanie Martin, N. Muthukrishna","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I1.67474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I1.67474","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a study which set out to explore how children understood and experienced gender equality within their cross gender friendship groups. The participants were 28 primary school children between 11 and 14 years (male = 13; female = 15). Data collection methods were individual interviews using situated scenarios and focus groups interviews. The findings revealed that for the most part children actively constructed gender around the concept of „difference.. The children learned how to position themselves and others according to traditional discourses of femininity and masculinity. Whilst attempts were made to challenge dominant understandings of masculinity and femininity, often these were unsuccessful. The constraints and limitations of a particular discourse ensured the continued existence of the prevailing dominant worldviews and the ensuing unequal relations between girls and boys. The study also revealed that children are continuing to learn the same lessons about gender that work against gender equality.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132541397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waist-to-hip ratio, attractiveness and gender discrimination","authors":"F. Pazhoohi","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I1.67459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I1.67459","url":null,"abstract":"Women with lower waist-to-hip ratio are considered more attractive to the men. It is suggested that attractiveness is related to the sexual dimorphism of body fat distribution in gluteofemoral region. It is hypothesized that women with lower waist-to-hip ratio provide better energy for pregnancy and lactation; therefore in the course of evolution men have preferred the lower ratio of waist-to-hip for women. Unfortunately, effect of sexual dimorphism of pelvis as a contributing factor on hip size is neglected in previous studies. This paper hypothesizes that pelvis as the most prominent sexually dimorphic trait as well as subcutaneous accumulated fat, exerts an important effect on the attractiveness of women with lower waistto- hip ratio. It also hypothesizes that attractiveness of waist-to-hip ratio is related to men‘s ability of gender identification. Possible evolutionary explanations for effect of gender discrimination on female attractiveness are discussed.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128503223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual behaviour and knowledge regarding sexually transmitted infections among undergraduate students in Durban, South Africa","authors":"M. Hoque, S. Ghuman","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I1.67469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I1.67469","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify the sexual behavior and knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) amongst 752 undergraduate university students in South Africa, using self-administered questionnaires. More than half (>50%) reported presently being sexually active, the majority used contraceptives and especially used condoms. Almost a third of the sample, had multiple sexual partners, and more than a quarter of them reported to have sex under the influence of alcohol. Students’ knowledge regarding STIs was unsatisfactory, indicating the need to modify social and educational activities, to improve the understanding of the consequences of STIs and HIV and minimizing the associated risks.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126600330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curbing female genital mutilation : the role of information and libraries","authors":"Yusuf Felicia","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61935","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the role of libraries and information in curbing the practice of female genital mutilation. Specific objectives of the study include: to examine the concept and origin of female genital mutilation, highlight various types and consequences of female genital mutilation, state the justification for the practice, investigate if there are existing legislations against this practice and to identify roles of the library and information in curbing female genital mutilation. Popularizing the danger of female genital mutilation, partnering with NGOs, media campaign, organizing workshops & seminars, briefing & debriefing and mounting billboards were identified as some of the roles libraries and information can play in eradicating this injustice against women. The paper concluded by charging NGOs, human rights organizations, government at all levels and other stakeholders to rise up to this challenge and ensure total eradication of female genital mutilation.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"522 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123065079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The position and empowerment of women in rural Nigeria : the gender implication","authors":"K. Omoyibo, E. Egharevba, Olalekan Ezekiel Iyanda","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61952","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria's participation on issues that related to the position and empowerment of women has been a recurring phenomenon for the past two decades as gleaned from her involvement in national and international conferences on women development since the era of the 1995 Beijing conference. This fact clearly underscores the seriousness of the dilemma women suffer in terms of the promotion of their rights to equal participation and representation in decision making at all levels particularly in the rural society. The paper argued that the context for understanding the position and empowerment of women in rural Nigeria has its primary base on the continued entrenchment and perpetuation of traditional cultures as characteristic of the various stereotypes of women which permeate many ethnic groups in Nigeria. The paper further contend that many women have suffered varied traumatic experiences arising from this categorization which have manifested itself in gender inequality and discrimination that has far reaching implications for the empowerment of rural women in Nigeria. The paper concludes by examining the changes that women‟s status had undergone in the light of current socio-economic and political development in Nigeria. Keywords: Women, Gender, Participation, Empowerment, Rural.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128234627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widowhood practices among the Yorubas of south west Nigeria : are there differences in what women experience due to their status?","authors":"J. Aransiola, A. Ige","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61939","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined widowhood practices among the Yorubas of South West Nigeria with the aim of investigating whether there are variations in widowhood rites that women experienced based on their social status. The study employed qualitative technique to collect the primary data. A widows Association named “Love fellowship” was used as a platform for selecting the widows involved in this study. Thirty widows were purposively selected such that fifteen (15) of them were not formally educated and not involved in modern industrial labour and the remaining fifteen (15) were formally educated and were involved in modern industrial labour. Data collected were analysis using content analysis and presented thematically. The participants in this study expressed that widowhood practices is observed among the Yorubas in order to protect the woman from being harmed by the spirit of the dead husband, for the woman to prove innocence of the death of her husband and for the husband‟s family to ascertain if the woman had been pregnant as at the time the husband died so that they can claim responsibility and caring for the woman among reasons. It is interesting to found that though, widowhood practices is still in existence among the Yorubas, there are some factors affecting the intensity and feasibility of practicing it. These factors include the educational level and involvement of a woman in modern industrial labour. For instance, it is extremely difficult to compel a woman who is working in Banking sector and other modern bureaucratic setting to be compelled to stay at home for long period of time other than the short period she is allowed by her boss to morn the death of her husband. It is also not feasible to ask such women to wear black cloth for one year as this contradicts the dictate of her work organization. It can therefore be concluded that although widowhood practices still exists and observed by women of different social status, the intensity differs across these social status and the higher the women status, the lesser the intensity of the rites she observed. It is therefore important to empower women as these will serve as security for them against various forms of violence especially widowhood practices.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129920177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and Campus Violence: A Study of University of Lagos","authors":"K. Ayenibiowo","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61930","url":null,"abstract":"This research is an attempt to investigate the incidence of violence among university students using University of Lagos as a case study. A questionnaire on different kinds of violence was administered to 446 students of the university. In addition, four focus group discussion sessions were conducted to assess the types of violence that occur in different settings on the campus. Most of the respondents were aged 21-25 years. The results show that verbal violence was more rampant than the other types of violence. However physical violence was recorded more among students in the first year than the higher levels. The findings show the need for proper orientation and guidance on social interaction for new students of tertiary institutions.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123017591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between a rock and a hard place : backlash towards agentic women aspiring to high ranking jobs in Nigeria","authors":"R. Akingbade","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V8I2.61946","url":null,"abstract":"A quasi experimental study was conducted to investigate hiring decisions of equally competent men and women aspiring to an executive management position. Participants (N = 300) assessed male and female agentic, communal and androgynous applicants on dimensions of competence, social skills and hireability. Findings in this study did not report any gender differences in perceptions of male and female‟s competence and social skills however male and female participants perceived agentic male applicants to be more hireable to the executive management position than agentic female applicants. The findings suggest that on a conscious level there is an attempt to be objective in the assessment of women but in hiring decisions an unconscious bias is reflected. Peculiar to this study is the equally poor rating of agentic men‟s social skills; this suggests that the communal nature of the Nigerian culture influenced participants‟ perceptions and that communality is important in this culture. Consequently, behaviour that is not gender appropriate, in line with traditional gender roles is especially problematic for women relative to men even when the assessor is a woman. Women who lack communality and behave in a manner that does not conform to culturally prescribed gender roles are likely to face discrimination in hiring situations. The subtle manifestation of prejudicial bias as found in this study can discourage highly skilled women from actualizing their potential by desisting to strive to more challenging positions in the workplace. Key Words: Gender, competence, social skills, hireability","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132750725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}