Gender and behaviour最新文献

{"title":"Attitudes toward rape among Nigerian young adults: the role of gender, parental family structure and religiosity","authors":"A. Alarape, A. Lawal","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72117","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies that examined the influence of demographic factors on attitudes towards rape yielded mixed results in various settings. This study built on these studies by investigating the influence of gender, parental family structure and religiosity on attitudes toward rape among young adults in Nigeria. The Attitudes Toward Rape and the Behavioural Religiosity scales were responded to by 320 young adults (128 males, 192 females) in Ibadan. Three hypotheses were tested with the independent group t-test. Attitudes of young adults toward rape was found to be different based on gender and parental family structure; male young adults had more positive attitudes toward rape than their female counterparts (t = 2.02, df = 318, p < .05); youth from polygamous family reported positive attitudes toward rape than those from monogamous family (t = -2.44, df = 310, p < .05). This study suggests that gender-based sexuality education can play an important role in providing information and prevention regarding rape; and that young adults from polygamous family should be the target populations for such programmes in Nigeria. Key words: Attitudes towards rape, gender, parental family structure, religiosity","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130460366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differentials in health status and socioeconomic wellbeing of older persons in Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Ajiboye","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72181","url":null,"abstract":"Although the relationship between socioeconomic wellbeing and health status is well-established in Western industrialized countries, but, few studies have examined this association in developing countries particularly among older persons in Lagos State, Nigeria. National and International Organizations have expressed concerns on the older persons worldwide, and suggested measures for improving their health status and overall wellbeing within the framework of sustainable development. However, older persons are not homogenous category. It has been observed that the gender of the individual affects their access and opportunities to the available health services in the society on the one hand and overall socioeconomic wellbeing on the other. This study focuses on the differences in the situations and capabilities of the older persons in the society rather than discussing them as homogeneous group. Inequalities experienced in earlier life, for example in access to education, employment, and health care, as well as those based on gender which, have a critical bearing on status and well being in old age were critically examined. Triangulation method was used for the collection of research information. A multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted to select the respondents included in the study. The data collected were analysed using qualitative, quantitative, and percentage analyses. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to code and organise the data collected. Cross-tabulations of social and economic characteristics were done to allow for a general description of the respondents and their household characteristics. Hypotheses testing were done using logistic regression technique to determine the net effect of explanatory factors on the probability that the gender of the older persons would influence their overall socio-economic well being or otherwise. The study found that the life course experiences of individuals is an important determinant of overall wellbeing. The study also found that older men are more likely to enjoy good health status and socio-economic well being than older female. The study therefore conclude that inequality in personal income and socio-economic well being is structured by gender, health status and life course experiences. Key Words: Gender, Health Status, Socioeconomic well being,Older Persons.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124651588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of type of school on self-perception of mathematical ability and achievement among girls in secondary school in Harare","authors":"Lucian. K. Tambo, Walter Munakandafa, V. Matswetu, Violet Munodawafa","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72118","url":null,"abstract":"The study explored the influence of type of school on fourth-year secondary school girls‟ selfperception of ability and achievement in Mathematics. The study sample comprised of 90 girls from one girls-only school and one coeducational school in Harare district, who were selected using stratified random sampling techniques. Girls‟ perception of their ability in mathematics was measured using a selfadministered questionnaire with both open- and closed-ended questions Mathematics achievement was assessed using document analysis of the two >schools‟ national examination results over an eleven year period.. The findings indicate that the self-perception of mathematical ability of girls in the single-sex school is higher than those in coeducational school. However, there is no significant difference in the achievement of ordinary level girls in mathematics attending either the single-sex or the co-educational school (x² = 0.4368 p < 0.05).","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114871958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender, tenure and organisational factors as predictors of job involvement among Nigerian workers","authors":"G. Akinbode, Bamikole. O. Fagbohungbe","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72175","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examined gender, tenure and organisational factors as predictors of various aspects of job involvement. A total of 504 workers comprising 285(56.5%) males and 219 (43.5%) females sampled from seven departments of some selected public and private organizations in Lagos and Abuja metropolis participated in the study. Factorial structure of Lodahl and Kejner (1965) 20-item job involvement scale was first examined against Yoshimura (1996) multi-dimensional model of job involvement concept. It was hypothesized that Male and female workers in private sector will report higher job involvement compared to their counterparts in the public sector. Also, motional, cognitive and behavioural involvement will be higher among private sector workers whose tenure was above 5 years, as compared to their public sector counterparts. Results of t-test independent test and MANOVA show that there was a statistically significant different in the emotional, cognitive, behavioural and overall job involvement of male and female workers. Also, job involvement was slightly higher among private sector male workers than their public sector counterpart, particularly for workers who have just spent less than 6 years on the job .Empirical findings further show that Interaction between gender and tenure was significant on behavioural job involvement and overall job involvement. The findings underscore the incidence of preference for females in many work organizations in recent times, as well as the importance of job security. The findings were discussed in the light of current findings in industrial-organisational research. Keywords: Tenure, Emotional Involvement, Cognitive Involvement, Behavioural Involvement","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129385267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of adolescent fertility in contemporary Yoruba society: a multivariate analysis","authors":"J. L. Oyefara","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72172","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent childbearing has received much attention in the past three decades, but the socio-cultural determinants of this phenomenon remain inexplicitly explained in Yoruba society. Therefore, this paper examined the determinants of adolescent fertility using multivariate analysis and Osun State, Nigeria as study location. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to achieve this objective. Two Local Government Areas (LGAs), Osogbo (urban) and Ola-Oluwa (rural), of Osun State were purposively selected based on rural/urban dichotomy. The quantitative method involved cross-sectional survey of 1,000 women of reproductive age (15-49 years). To be eligible, respondent must have at least a child. A multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted to select the respondents. For the qualitative method, 10 In-depth Interviews were conducted with adolescent mothers, their mothers and opinion leaders in the LGAs. Statistical technique used in the analysis of quantitative data was logistic regression, while content analysis technique was used to analyze qualitative data. Findings showed that educational level, parental marital disruption, marital status, and nature of activity which adolescent girls were doing are significant determinants of adolescent fertility in the study location. In conclusion, concerted efforts need to be put together by all the stakeholders (community members, opinion leaders, gatekeepers, governments, private organizations, non-governmental organizations and community based organizations) to improve the existing educational structure in the study location. In addition, appropriate policies and intervention programmes need to be put in place to reduce the incidence of marital disruption and adolescents must be fully engaged in productive social and economic activities. Key words: Adolescent, Fertility, Education, Marital disruption, Yoruba Society, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132283663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-border sex trade, transnational remittances and changing family structures among Benin people of southern Nigeria","authors":"O. Osezua","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72200","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examined Benin women who migrate for the purpose of cross border sexual transactions. It also assessed the changes in the traditional Benin family structure, mediated by the prevalence of Benin women migrants and their financial contributions to their families. The study relied on qualitative data generated through Household-based Interviews; Key Informant Interviews, Vignette-based Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Life Histories. A total of 18 vignette-based FGDs were held among adult males, adult females and youths (using –a story of sex-trafficking that ended on “successful” note and a tragic story of a sex-trafficked victim). Also, five (5) Key Informants who were selected on the basis of their social statuses in the Benin Society were interviewed. Findings showed that the traditional Benin family structure, prior to women migration for the purpose of sexual transaction, which was organized on the basis of age and sex, is fast eroding. Many of these women who have been successful in trans-border sexual transaction, despite their sex or age in the family, are now the centre of authority and pivot of important family decisions. This is as a result of the huge sum of money they remit to their families. Furthermore, findings from showed that Benin women who are direct beneficiaries of transnational remittances from their daughters‟ sexual transaction overseas, can now access critical resources which were previously inaccessible due to the traditional inheritance systemrule of primogeniture. Consequently, most of these women in this category have become the shadow bread winners in their families by providing for the daily upkeep of family members. Also, many of such women have erected edifices for themselves, parents or husbands, while others have provided adequate financial resources for their family members to open up businesses. The study concludes that based on the pervasive notion of the utility of transnational remittances obtained from sex trafficking in aiding family economic advancement in the region, stemming the tide by making anti trafficking laws will at best reduce the incidence for a while but cannot curtail the trend. This has an implication of compromising the integrity of the contemporary Benin family, as a socialization agency for its members.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124298239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal health challenges and prospects for national development: a case-study of Badagry local government, Lagos State","authors":"A. Idowu, Michael Oluwaseun Osinaike, M. Ajayi","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72196","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to explore maternal health as a critical aspect of national development. It has long been recognized that the health status of pregnant women is an important indicator of the general state of health of any population. The health of pregnant women also influences the health of their babies. Hence, fetal and infant health is one of the main determinants of health in childhood and adulthood. Countries are ranked by various health and economic indicators to show how they fare compared to others. The decrease in life expectancy is in large part reflective of the increased maternal and infant mortality. The continuous increase in maternal mortality in Nigeria has stimulated a re-examination of the issue in order to identify subtle, yet profound variables that may be responsible for this perennial problem, in order to attain development in health. To this end, the overall aim of the study was to investigate challenges to maternal health during pregnancy as a barrier to national development. Data was generated by questionnaire and in-depth interview and analysis were made by simple percentage and content analysis respectively. The findings were discussed within the Health Belief Model and concluded by highlighting the importance of socio-economic factors in the reduction of maternal mortality in the study area. The study however, revealed that some socioeconomic variables are detrimental to the health of women and their safety during pregnancy. The consequences of these are described in the paper and recommendations made. Key Words: maternal health, national development, socio-economic variables, pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115365894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived HIV stigmatization, HIV/AIDS cognition and personality as correlates of HIV self-disclosure among people living with HIV in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"A. Adejumo","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72113","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between perceived HIV stigmatization, HIV/AIDS cognition, personality and HIV self-disclosure (HSD) was investigated. The influence of age and gender on these was also examined. PLWHA (N421) in Ibadan, Nigeria participated in the cross-sectional study. A positive relationship of extraversion (r=-.738, df=421, P<.05), HIV cognition (r=-.621, df=421, P<.05), neuroticism (r=-.212, df=421, P<.05) and agreeableness personality traits (r=-.155, df=421, P<.05) with HSD was observed. A 2x2x2x2 factorial analysis showed that old females, with low perceived stigmatisation, but with good HIV cognition (n=23, x =18.2, SD=3.8) were most likely to disclose their status. Perceived stigmatisation, HIV cognition, and personality jointly predicted HSD (R²=.52; F (3,418) =.7.66 P <.05). Negative HIV cognition, perceived stigmatization, openness and conscientious personality traits are major barriers to HSD. Non disclosure remains an enormous barrier to the fight against HIV and AIDS. Policies and actions should therefore focus on these issues in HIV prevention, care and support. Key words: HIV self- disclosure, Stigmatisation, personality, psychosocial factors, HIV selfdisclosure, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129413624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and reliability of breastfeeding attitude scale in Indonesian population","authors":"Lina Handayani, A. Kosnin, Yeo Kee Jiar, H. O. Imhonde","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72194","url":null,"abstract":"Lower levels of maternal confidence have been found to be associated with perception of insufficient milk supply and risk for premature discontinuation of breastfeeding. Current WHO/UNICEF recommendations for optimal infant feeding are exclusive breastfeeding for approximately the first 6 months postpartum, after which complementary food should be introduced gradually, with the continuation of breastfeeding until 2 years or beyond; but almost every country in the world fails to meet the WHO recommendations for exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers’ attitude toward breastfeeding plays a role in the choice of feeding method. A breastfeeding attitude scale is developed based on Imhonde’s breastfeeding attitude scale. The Breastfeeding attitude scale is a suitable instrument for assessing mothers’ breastfeeding attitude among Indonesian mothers. Key words: Breastfeeding, Attitude, Scale, Valid, Reliable","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126232716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial factors influencing attitude towards abortion among undergraduates in Nigeria","authors":"Awopetu Ronke Grace, Fasanmi Samuel Sunday","doi":"10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GAB.V9I2.72198","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the psychosocial factors capable of influencing abortion among university undergraduates in Nigeria. Two hundred (200) students consisted of 63(31.5%) males and 137(68.5%) females participated in the survey. The study adopted ex-post facto design. Their age ranged between 16 to 40 years with mean age of 28. Six hypotheses were generated and tested and the results revealed that individuals with internal locus of control were not positively disposed towards abortion than individuals with external locus of control [t (198) = 1.37; P > .05]. The study further revealed that there is a significant effect of gender on attitude towards abortion among undergraduates {t (198) = 2.67; P .05}; the result went further to reveal that ethnic grouping has no significant influence on undergraduate students’ attitude towards abortion (F (2,199) = 2.93; P> .05; and finally revealed that religion has significant effect on undergraduate students’ attitude towards abortion (F (2,199) = 8.98; P< .05. It was recommended that Counsellors and teachers should make reproductive health knowledge available to students in tertiary institutions through the provision of sex education. Awareness programmes should be encouraged which will aim at highlighting the consequences of sexual promiscuity and abortion among Nigerian youths and there should be complete sanitization of moral laxity and other social vices of students in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Key words: Psychosocial, Attitude, Abortion, Undergraduates, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":308310,"journal":{"name":"Gender and behaviour","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130121113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}