{"title":"The Psycholinguistics of Task-Based Performance","authors":"P. Skehan","doi":"10.1017/9781108868327.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108868327.002","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional accounts of second and foreign language learning are not learner-centred. What is to be taught is decided by the teacher, often in conjunction with textbooks or wider national or school-based policies. In such cases the units underlying teaching are usually structural, and the sequencing is based, largely, on convention – the sequence that is (collectively and unempirically) regarded to conform to a linguistic analysis of difficulty. Methodology is likely to move from presentation of (teacherchosen, decontextualised) material, followed by controlled practice and then some freer production. All of this puts the teacher centre-stage, assumes the teacher knows best, and relegates the learner to a passive bitpart role (Skehan, 2002; Long, 2015). In contrast, task-based approaches start from the learner and from meaning. Tasks require learners to express worthwhile and frequently personal meanings. Then, the language that is important is the language used to express those meanings, as determined by the learner. The tasks themselvesmay be the result of a needs analysis of how the learnerwill use language (Long, 2015), or the result of choosing a challenge at the right level of complexity (Willis & Willis, 2007), or even negotiated with the learners themselves (Gong & Skehan, this volume). The intention is that the task will be facilitative of the learner being able to shape language development in ways that are individual and maximise the chances that personal developmental paths will be followed, as opposed to paths that have been devised for everyone, and for no-one (Long, 2015; Ellis et al., 2020).","PeriodicalId":307869,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Task-Based Language Teaching","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132536423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methodological Approaches to Investigating Task-Based Language Teaching","authors":"A. Révész","doi":"10.1017/9781108868327.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108868327.034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307869,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Task-Based Language Teaching","volume":"413 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124427065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Task-Based Telecollaborative Exchanges between US and Italian Students","authors":"E. Nuzzo, Diego Edisson Cortes Velasquez","doi":"10.1017/9781108868327.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108868327.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307869,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Task-Based Language Teaching","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123001920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Pedagogical Rationale for Task-Based Language Teaching for the Acquisition of Real-World Language Use","authors":"Martin Bygate, V. Samuda, Kris Van den Branden","doi":"10.1017/9781108868327.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108868327.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307869,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Task-Based Language Teaching","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115254413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The L in TBLT","authors":"Michael H. Long","doi":"10.1017/9781108868327.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108868327.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307869,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Task-Based Language Teaching","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125944260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“I Have a Question”","authors":"Ayşenur ağdıç, Derek Reagan","doi":"10.1017/9781108868327.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108868327.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307869,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Task-Based Language Teaching","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125242940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface The Origins and Growth of Task-Based Language Teaching","authors":"Michael H. Long, M. Ahmadian","doi":"10.1017/9781108868327.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108868327.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307869,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Task-Based Language Teaching","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120846969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adapting and Advancing Task-Based Needs Analysis Methodology across Diverse Language Learning Contexts","authors":"Ellen J. Serafini","doi":"10.1017/9781108868327.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108868327.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307869,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Task-Based Language Teaching","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122320026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Task-Based Language Teaching as an Innovation","authors":"Kris Van den Branden","doi":"10.1017/9781108868327.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108868327.035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307869,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Task-Based Language Teaching","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116599695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Cognition Hypothesis, the Triadic Componential Framework and the SSARC Model","authors":"P. Robinson","doi":"10.1017/9781108868327.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108868327.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307869,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Task-Based Language Teaching","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133344182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}