System Research in Energy最新文献

{"title":"Increasing the efficiency and economy of a cogeneration power plant with an air turbine","authors":"Andrii Rusanov, A. Kostikov, V. Fedoreiko, D. Kardaś, Viсtoria Tarasova, Mykola Ganzha, Mikhail Kuznetsov","doi":"10.15407/srenergy2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"The use of renewable fuel and energy resources as fuel makes it possible to reduce the cost of a unit of electrical and thermal energy, reduce the load on the main energy system of the state, and improve the overall environmental impact on the environment. When using a pyrolysis pre-furnace, it is possible to use as a primary fuel: waste wood, pellets, sunflower husks, buckwheat, etc., and the use of an air turbine avoids contamination of its working surface. The aim of the work is to increase the efficiency and economy of a cogeneration power plant with an air turbine, which includes the following main elements: a fuel bunker, a pyrolysis pre-furnace, a combustion chamber-mixer, an air heater, a compressor, an air turbine, electric generator, water heater, smoke exhauster and chimney. To achieve this aim, three options for the scheme of a cogeneration plant with an air turbine with an electric power of 300 kW and with and without different connection variants of a water heater are considered and analyzed in terms of energy and economic indicators. A thermodynamic analysis of the circuit solutions of a cogeneration plant and their comparison in terms of capital costs for the creation of the plant showed that with almost the same cost for the main elements, compared with the circuit where the water is heated by air after the turbine and with the circuit where there is no water heater, the circuit of a cogeneration plant with water heating by flue gas has the highest overall efficiency. This scheme was chosen as rational. As a result of replacing the source fuel with the heat of the air turbine exhaust, the overall efficiency of the cogeneration plant according to this scheme is 73.9 %, and the electrical efficiency is 36.2 %, which corresponds to the level of a gas turbine plant according to the Brayton cycle with regeneration of the working fluid heat, at a moderate value of the degree of air compression in the compressor πk=3. The latter causes the low specific capital cost of the main equipment of the cogeneration plant – 134.6 USD/kW (excluding inflation). Keywords: pyrolysis pre-furnace, air turbine, thermodynamic analysis, capital costs, overall efficiency, electrical efficiency.","PeriodicalId":307644,"journal":{"name":"System Research in Energy","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting the price index on the energy market of Ukraine considering the effect of the “green” tariffs laws","authors":"M. Kulyk","doi":"10.15407/srenergy2023.04.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.04.045","url":null,"abstract":"The \"green\" tariff laws in effect in Ukraine were adopted without the necessary technical and economic justification. These laws provide RES owners a wide range of preferences, which in total lead to hypertrophied losses of the Ukrainian energy market. In the process of the state developing a set of measures to radically improve the existing situation, it is necessary to have a wide range of methods of system analysis, including the determination of price indices on the energy market. In the paper a new method and a corresponding mathematical model for determining price indices on energy markets are proposed and tested on real data in conditions of solar and wind power plants functioning in the integrated energy system structure and when \"green\" tariff laws actions. The model determines the size of the electricity production sector, where competitive relations are maintained. Then the total costs of the energy market are calculated for the summary production of electricity in the power system at both market and fixed prices. The new price is defined as the ratio of total costs to the capacity of electricity production in the sector with competitive relations. The price index is calculated as the ratio of the new price to the market price recorded on the energy market in the base year. Calculations based on real data of the Ukraine’s IES for 2021 showed that if there were no RES in the energy system structure, the market price for electricity would be 2.17 times lower than the actual price. Research of the price index on the energy market of Ukraine at the development of its IES in accordance with the approved government documents showed that at the level of 2030 the average price for electricity will increase by 3.74 times. The country's economy will not be able to withstand such an electricity prices increasing. To solve this problem of national importance, a fundamentally new approach must be implemented. One of the effective solutions is the organization of RES functioning based on the principle of self-sufficiency, when RES ensures frequency and power stability with its own energy. Keywords: market price, price index, energy system, energy market, preference, payback.","PeriodicalId":307644,"journal":{"name":"System Research in Energy","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience in using heat storages in blackout conditions","authors":"V.H. Demchenko, Svitlana Kovtun, Oleh Nazarenko, Andrii Nazarenko","doi":"10.15407/srenergy2023.04.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"This study is the first and so far the only one in Ukraine dedicated to the experience of using mobile thermal energy storage in emergencies, in particular blackouts. The article considers the issue of ensuring energy security. The classification of heat storage system parameters is given. The considered model of an autonomous heating system with a heat storage system. The impact on the thermal energy storage heating system with different designs of heat generators and fuel types is shown. The results of the operation of a combined system consisting of an autonomous heating system of a separate building equipped with an electric boiler and thermal energy storage are presented. Thermal energy storage is used not only as a buffer between the heat generator and the heating system but also as a source of heat. Integrating the thermal energy storage into the building's heating system ensures constant heat supply to the building, 100% coverage of peak dynamic loads, halving the boiler unit capacity and operating costs by 20%. It has been proven that the presence of thermal energy storage allows solving the problem of providing a stable heat supply in the conditions of a power outage. A detailed description of the conducted study of methods and equipment used during field operation and data processing is given. The results of the field tests of the thermal energy storage in winter operation conditions are provided. Features of the use of the controller for monitoring the heating system's operation with thermal energy storage are provided. The results of field tests are given. An analysis of the received data was carried out. Formulated directions for further scientific research, development, and practical recommendations for the use of mobile heat accumulators in the national economy and the state emergency service of Ukraine. Economic criteria and efficiency criteria aimed at reducing operational costs are considered. The obtained research results can be used to predict the operation of heating and cooling systems equipped with thermal energy storage. Keywords: Heating system, security, blackout, thermal energy storage, monitoring.","PeriodicalId":307644,"journal":{"name":"System Research in Energy","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of solar industrial heat supply","authors":"Valentyna Kobernyk","doi":"10.15407/srenergy2023.04.074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.04.074","url":null,"abstract":"The future of Ukraine is only impossible without integration into the European community, including in the fight against climate change. It is possible to make the production of thermal energy more environmentally friendly thanks to the introduction of solar technologies. Solar thermal technologies are necessary for the decarbonization of the industrial sector. Information from open sources on the state and prospects for the development of solar industrial heat supply systems in the world has been analyzed. Analysis of the development of solar heat and steam production for industry in the world has shown that the solar thermal energy market is currently in an early stage of development, but it is actively developing and many projects will be commissioned in the near future. Specific investment costs and economy of solar industrial heat supply systems of various capacities are determined. The average weighted cost of thermal energy for the life cycle is used as a criterion of economy in world practice. Specific investment costs for installing solar systems are significantly reduced when their thermal power is increased. Approximate dependences of average specific investment costs on thermal power were obtained. The specific investment costs of installation and the number of hours of operation significant impact on the average cost of solar heat and steam production for industry. Approximate dependences of the average cost of heat on thermal power at different discount rates and at different power on discount rates were obtained. In Ukraine, it is possible to organize the supply of industry with heat and hot water from the use of solar technologies in a short period of time. A promising direction is the use of solar heat supply systems in combination with other thermal energy sources. Keywords: thermal energy; industrial heat supply, powerful solar systems, investment costs, cost of thermal energy.","PeriodicalId":307644,"journal":{"name":"System Research in Energy","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of position adjustment means quantities of heat consumption","authors":"I. Radko, O. Okushko, V. Nalyvaiko","doi":"10.15407/srenergy2023.03.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the scientific results of experimental studies of low energy efficiency of urban residential and communal energy supply. The purpose of the study is to reduce the costs of energy carriers in the field of housing and communal services using the example of residential, educational and industrial buildings of universities. Based on the analysis of the state of energy saving in the field of housing and communal services, a number of main factors influencing the reduction of its energy efficiency have been determined. Among the most important factors that require research is insufficient attention to the technical support of the energy consumption system, namely: outdated electrical equipment, low qualification of service personnel and an ineffective system of promotion of energy saving. According to the results of the conducted research, it was established that the degree of reduction of heat consumption in heating systems depends on heat losses due to the imperfection of factors that affect the reduction of energy efficiency, namely, the enclosing structures, which are determined by the thermophysical properties of the type and characteristics of heat energy meters, as well as through the control system, using which maintains optimal temperature values in building premises during the working day and their minimum permissible values in the evening hours, at night and on weekends. The results of the obtained research made it possible to state that in order to increase the energy efficiency of the heating system of buildings, it is necessary to provide a system of accounting and regulation of the consumption of the building coolant and to ensure the regulation of the coolant depending on the ambient temperature, as well as to limit heat consumption at night and on weekends (holidays). The installation of means of accounting and regulation of heat energy consumption, as well as the creation of a central information and measurement system with subsequent placement, make it possible to conduct operational monitoring of heat flows, which will contribute to reducing the amount of heat energy consumption by an average of up to 35%. Keywords: energy consumption, energy saving, energy efficiency, building, system, accounting, coolant, losses.","PeriodicalId":307644,"journal":{"name":"System Research in Energy","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122851469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing of the power system resilience through the application of micro power systems (microgrid) with renewable distributed generation","authors":"G. Kostenko, A. Zaporozhets","doi":"10.15407/srenergy2023.03.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"The power sector plays a critical role in the functioning of the economy and the security of a country, being closely interconnected with other vital infrastructures, such as gas supply, water supply, transportation, and telecommunications. Ensuring a stable power supply is crucial for the uninterrupted operation of these systems. One way to enhance the resilience of the power system is by integrating local networks with distributed renewable generation into the overall energy infrastructure. The flexibility, stability, controllability, and self-healing capabilities of microgrids make them an effective solution for improving the resilience of the power system. The power grid is susceptible to disturbances and disruptions that can cause large-scale power outages for consumers. Statistical data indicates that approximately 90% of outages occur due to issues in the distribution system, thus research focuses on local microgrids with distributed renewable generation. This study analyzed the role of microgrids with renewable generation in enhancing the resilience of power systems. Additionally, functions of microgrids that contribute to enhancing power system resilience, such as service restoration, network formation strategies, control and stability, as well as preventive measures, were summarized. It was found that local microgrids have significant potential to enhance power system resilience through the implementation of various strategies, from emergency response planning to providing reliable energy supply for quick responses to military, environmental, and human-induced crises. The concept of local distributed energy generation, storage, and control can reduce reliance on long-distance power transmission lines, reduce network vulnerabilities, and simultaneously improve its resilience and reduce recovery time. It has been determined that the most necessary and promising approaches to enhance the resilience of the power system include developing appropriate regulatory frameworks, implementing automatic frequency and power control systems, ensuring resource adequacy (including the reservation of technical components), promoting distributed generation, integrating energy storage systems into the energy grid, and strengthening cyber security. Keywords: resilience, local power systems, MicroGrid, distributed generation, renewable energy sources.","PeriodicalId":307644,"journal":{"name":"System Research in Energy","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121806321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of the information flow management at stochastic energy consumption conditions","authors":"Svitlana Kovtun, O. Ponomarenko, O. Nazarenko","doi":"10.15407/srenergy2023.03.078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.03.078","url":null,"abstract":"Modern energy systems are rapidly changing and becoming increasingly complex. This process is facilitated by the growing demand for distributed energy resources, renewable energy sources, and distributed generation. This makes the energy system highly stochastic. An integral part of the concept of smart grids is the production of energy from distributed energy sources. Modernization of the energy network with the help of intelligent technologies allows us to fully take into account the peculiarities of energy consumption. The smart grid paradigm envisions flexible energy demand and storage to cope with the variability of renewable energy sources. A necessary condition for the implementation of demand response is an improved infrastructure, especially information and communication technologies. The paper presents the results of research on the quality of information flow management under conditions of stochastic energy consumption by maintaining a stationary queue of information transmission through the network and preventing overloading of the controlled network segment. The stages of monitoring and assessment of the network state, as well as the methodology of identification of network parameters are presented. According to the results of the analysis of the system of key network parameters and the specifics of their application for managing the quality of network service, it has been established that using the statistical approach one can distinguish between the key parameters of the network. The wireless network has been researched, which allows us to build a quality of service management system by regulating and shaping traffic. It is shown that when using a polling system with feedback on the speed of buffer filling to organize requests in the network, it is possible to maintain a stationary queue with a non-stationary flow of requests. Keywords: wireless network, information delay, stochastic energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":307644,"journal":{"name":"System Research in Energy","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115816893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat energy storages","authors":"V. Derii, O. Zgurovets","doi":"10.15407/srenergy2023.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides an analytical review of thermal energy storage. The reasons determining their demand are shown. It has been established that the market of thermal accumulators is developing quite dynamically. According to the forecast of the International Renewable Energy Agency, the global market for thermal accumulators may triple by 2030 from 234 GWh of installed capacity in 2019 to about 800 GWh in 2030. Investments in the development of thermal accumulators are expected to reach 13–28 billion US dollars. Their capacity for power generation can be 491–631 GWh, for heat supply – 143–199 GWh, for cooling – 23–26 GWh. Bloomberg NEF considers the main drivers of such a sharp increase in energy storage capacity are the US Inflation Reduction Act, which provides for more than $369 billion in financing for clean technologies, as well as the European Union's RE Power EU plan to reduce dependence on gas from Russia. The significant additional storage capacity expected from 2025 in the utility sector is in line with the very ambitious renewable energy targets set out in the REPowerEU plan. The purpose of this review is the search and analysis of thermal energy storage technologies for their possible use in the centralized heat supply of Ukraine. The conducted review showed that the most advanced technology for the accumulation of thermal energy is heat capacity of the material storage. It is the cheapest and most common in centralized heat supply. For short-term storage of heat energy, it is advisable to use storage tanks and main heat networks. Special insulated concrete underground storages of both natural and artificial origin are used for seasonal accumulation of thermal energy. A promising technology for seasonal thermal energy storage is an ice battery developed by the Viessmann company, which requires much less space than the heat capacity of the material storage technology. Thermochemical batteries are in the early stages of development, their demonstration samples may be manufactured by 2050. Keywords: battery, thermal energy, heat capacity, phase transition.","PeriodicalId":307644,"journal":{"name":"System Research in Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134175458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking into account environmental constraints on emissions in economic models long-term forecasting of energy consumption (review of publications)","authors":"N. Maistrenko","doi":"10.15407/srenergy2023.03.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.03.085","url":null,"abstract":"An overview of existing methodological approaches for long-term forecasting of energy consumption at various hierarchical levels of economic structure (in individual sections, sections, groups, classes, and industries or services) is provided for the development of mathematical dependencies for accounting for restrictions on emissions of greenhouse gas and air pollutants in further work. These approaches will complement the system of mathematical models for long-term forecasting of energy consumption in the country's economy, which were previously used at General Energy Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It is proposed to use mutually agreed mathematical models of three types to study the long-term development and functioning of energy consumption: models of the life cycle of the main technological facilities at the enterprise level, simulation models of the formation of transit flows of energy resources through the territory of Ukraine and optimization models for predicting the development of a certain section (industry) of the economy, which are generally applied in the energy supply system in the country. Also, for energy-intensive sections of the economy as electricity consumers, it is necessary to take into account: the manufacturer of products that has a reference indicator of emissions, with or without interchangeability of electricity and fuel, calculates direct emissions from production plus indirect emissions from consumed electricity. In other cases, they are calculated on the basis of a reference indicator of emissions for fuel or technological processes, and (or) adjusted for the ratio of direct emissions to the sum of direct and indirect emissions. Keywords: fuel and energy resources, modeling, forecasting, electricity consumption, greenhouse gases.","PeriodicalId":307644,"journal":{"name":"System Research in Energy","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133153498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects of implementation of small modular reactors in the power system of Ukraine","authors":"T. Nechaieva, I. Leshchenko","doi":"10.15407/srenergy2023.03.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.03.039","url":null,"abstract":"Ukraine's declared goals of sustainable, environmentally acceptable energy development, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with the Paris Agreement require the preferential development of nuclear and renewable energy. At the same time, in the conditions of the current shortage of maneuverable capacities, the increase of stochastic generation volumes from renewable energy sources in the power system and the decommissioning of maneuverable coal-fired power units in accordance with international environmental obligations determines the need to study the possibilities of implementing new nuclear power plant technologies in the IPS of Ukraine, which will be able to participate in daily maneuvering. The article provides an overview of the state of development and implementation of the first NPP projects with small modular reactors of the American companies NuScale Power and Holtec International. It is shown that the national nuclear legislation does not single out MMR as a separate group of nuclear installations and does not take into account their features, which makes it necessary to carry out a thorough professional comparative analysis of the current regulatory framework of Ukraine and other countries on this issue, based on the results of which a decision should be made regarding the need to develop special regulatory requirements for MMR and determine the scope of application of existing regulatory documents. The results of the calculations of the forecast structure of generating capacities of IPS of Ukraine for the period up to 2040 are given, which showed that the construction in Ukraine of 3 powerful advanced NPP power units and the introduction of 1.5 GW of the power units with MMR, which can be used in daily power change modes, with the using of 13 GW of the baseload existing nuclear power units while reducing the capacity of existing coal-fired power units to 5 GW with their reconstruction to meet the requirements of the National Emission Reduction Plan and the growing volume of renewable generation are able to ensure the power balance system and reduce pollutant emissions by at least 50% and greenhouse gases by up to 30%. Keywords: small modular reactor, technical standards, legal and regulatory framework, power system, operating mode.","PeriodicalId":307644,"journal":{"name":"System Research in Energy","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124305368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}