Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series最新文献

{"title":"When Chickens Devoured Cows: The Collapse of National Bargaining in the Red Meat Industry and Union Rebuilding in the Meat and Poultry Industry","authors":"Jeffrey H. Keefe, M. Bolton","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2168241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2168241","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the consequences of the collapse of the national bargaining structure in the American meat industry during the 1980s. It argues the driving force behind the collapse was the substitution of chicken for beef in the American diet. The relatively high price of beef was no longer sustainable when it came into competition with poultry products that were less costly, healthier, more convenient, and more malleable to further processing. The substitution of chicken for beef, put wages back into competition as consumers redefined market boundaries. Poultry processors were nonunion, paying low wages, and had developed a high productivity growth production system, known as the broiler complex. They were located in the union hostile rural South and had grown their businesses using African American labor in the Southern Black Belt.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115065107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mundus Academicus: Architecture and Adaptation to Globalization Flows (III): Student's Opinions on the Bologna Process - Case Study for Community Students from 'Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iasi","authors":"C. Hălăngescu","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2154463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2154463","url":null,"abstract":"Needs and opportunities in the Romanian higher education system described towards the end of Part II of the study, through the implementation of the Bologna Process, find their practical application through statistical analysis of their perception in this last part, which contains the presentation of a case study by applying a questionnaire. The study aims to highlight the impact of the new regulations in European higher education has the student community of the oldest higher education institution in Romania, \"Alexandru Ioan Cuza\" of Iași. As pointed out in that part of the study, most measures that would impose the restructuring on a Romanian academic system performance beyond financial needs / logistics infrastructure investment for European and international visibility in the competitive parameters top universities, above all, in my opinion, is reconsidering integrated academic management within a quo-ad quem limits, described by the Bologna Process. After more than ten years since the signing of the Bologna Declaration in Romania still no positive changes have fundamental depth Romanian higher education. We are still far from successful in Romania vision of the European Higher Education Area. There are at least three directions which we must pay more attention: student-centered learning, promoting a quality culture in universities and repositioning of the academic community in partnership relationship, especially in terms of student involvement in decisions regarding the organization and content education. Given these issues, I considered useful and appropriate statistical research on the perception of the Bologna Process among students who do not have seen as passive actors in higher education. Needs, opportunities and especially the effects of the Bologna Process and education needs can and should be linked to vision students. Therefore, I will present the practical side of this paper a case study of student opinion and vision of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, the role, opportunities and effects of the Bologna Process.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126106059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do CEOs of State-Owned Enterprises Matter? Evidence from Brazil, 1973-1993","authors":"A. Musacchio, S. Lazzarini, Cláudia Bruschi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2096210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2096210","url":null,"abstract":"We study if CEOs and their backgrounds matter for the performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) exploiting the fact that these companies had different CEOs (with different backgrounds) in different moments in time. We construct a database of Brazilian SOEs between 1973 and 1993 and make three tests. First, we use variance decomposition to study CEO effects. Second, we look at how much of the variation in performance can be explained by CEOs who switch companies. Third, we test if CEO background and ability matter for performance. We find sizable effects of CEOs on performance, especially for military managers and those who attended top universities.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114589926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dictator's Dilemma and the Politics of Telecommunications in Cuba: A Case Study","authors":"R. N. Fredman","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2043679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2043679","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of the \"dictator's dilemma\" refers to the balance between authoritarian governments' use of information communication technology for economic development with their need to control the democratizing influences of this technology. This thesis explores this concept by conducting a case study of authoritarian Cuba. It applies a modified version of the \"political replacement effect\" - a theory that was initially developed by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson (1996), which posits that rulers only adopt technological innovation if it does not threaten their political survival - as a theoretical framework. This study analyzes technology adoption indicators and the training of information technology professionals during three time periods in Cuba (1992-1997, 2000-2005, and 2006-2011) through the lens of this framework. These time periods differ in political and economic dimensions. This thesis finds some empirical support for this theoretical framework. However, it concludes by noting the need for further exploration of how the dictator's dilemma relates to international political dynamics and the image authoritarian governments wish to project to other international actors.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131601744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Broadband Progress: A Quality of Life Approach","authors":"A. Techatassanasoontorn","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1976769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1976769","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been an increasing use of broadband in everyday life activities. In addition, broadband policy has begun to shift its focus from building infrastructure to promoting broadband use and anticipating transformational benefits of broadband. However, there are limited theories, methods, measures, and data to assess positive or negative life changes from broadband use. Since broadband is viewed as a major public policy tool to improve people’s lives and to create a society in which people have an equal opportunity to succeed in their lives, research that conducts formative and summative studies of broadband use and its impacts on people’s life is valuable towards the design and evaluation of broadband policy decisions and broadband promotion initiatives. This article offers a research framework and a study approach on experiential broadband use and consequences on quality of life as a critical method to measure broadband progress in a society. The research framework can support both cross sectional and longitudinal research design. A study approach emphasizes the integration of quantitative and qualitative data to develop a richer understanding of broadband use and its impacts. A cross sectional study of computer and Internet use and impacts on quality of life in the context of community technology centers is used to showcase the research framework and the study approach.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131206362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education Policy and Welfare Regimes in OECD Countries: Social Stratification and Equal Opportunity in Education","authors":"M. Beblavý, A. Thum, M. Veselkovâ","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1996471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1996471","url":null,"abstract":"This Working Document looks at which OECD countries deliberately attempt to reproduce social stratification through educational policies, and which countries put greater emphasis on intervening in the stratification process. The research findings challenge a one-policy-fits-all approach that advocates education policy reforms designed to increase equal opportunities in education. The authors argue that the context of each country needs to be considered before the implementation of such policies.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122139217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incentives ‘and’ Status","authors":"Swapnendu Banerjee, Oindrila Dey","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1968374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1968374","url":null,"abstract":"This paper characterizes the structure of monetary incentives in an organization with varying differences in employee status. With the help of a moral hazard framework with limited liability we show that for agents with lower outside option increased status leads to lower incentive pay whereas exactly the opposite happens for agents with higher outside option. For agents with very high status such that the limited liability doesn’t bind, an exogenous increase in status level leads to an unambiguous decrease in optimal incentive payment.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133702004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misguided Policies Risk Breaking Up the Eurozone and the EU","authors":"S. Micossi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1996457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1996457","url":null,"abstract":"This latest contribution by Stefano Micossi, Director General Assonime, Visiting Professor at the College of Europe and member of the CEPS Board of Directors, assesses the new decisions on economic governance taken at the European Council on December 8-9 and questions whether they are truly feasible, either technically or politically.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125174670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The External Communication Activities, Tools and Structures of the European Commission: Lessons Learned and New Avenues","authors":"Sebastian. Kurpas, Christoph O. Meyer, Michael Bruggemann","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1996546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1996546","url":null,"abstract":"This report contains the main findings and recommendations of a major study carried out by CEPS on the European Commission’s external communication activities, tools and structures. The objective of the study was to provide analytical insight and research-based recommendations to the Screening Working Group of the European Commission concerned with the institution’s public communications. The overall questions addressed included: \u0000• What lessons can be drawn from past and current activities on the best cost-benefit ratio of different communication activities and tools for specific objectives/priorities/target groups? \u0000• How can the allocation of resources devoted to communication within the Commission be improved to make communication more efficient and effective? \u0000• How can the governance model for communication activities be further improved to make communication more efficient and effective? \u0000• Can duplication or gaps in the communication activities of the different DGs, including Representations (REPs), be detected, and if so, how can they be addressed? \u0000• Are there any communication activities that could/should be discontinued on grounds of lacking cost-benefit or changing environment (new technologies, etc.)? \u0000The research for this report was carried out in 2007.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128989084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Mandarin Benefits the Whole Clan: Hometown Infrastructure and Nepotism in an Autocracy","authors":"Kieu-Trang Nguyen, Quoc-Anh Do, Anh Tran","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1965666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1965666","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies nepotism by government officials in an authoritarian regime. We collect a unique dataset of political promotions of officials in Vietnam and estimate their impact on public infrastructure in their hometowns. We find strong positive effects on several outcomes, some with lags, including roads to villages, marketplaces, clean water access, preschools, irrigation, and local radio broadcasters, as well as the hometown’s propensity to benefit from the State’s “poor commune support program”. Nepotism is not limited to only top-level officials, pervasive even among those without direct authority over hometown budgets, stronger when the hometown chairperson’s and promoted official’s ages are closer, and where provincial leadership has more discretionary power in shaping policies, suggesting that nepotism works through informal channels based on specific political power and environment. Contrary to pork barrel politics in democratic parliaments, members of the Vietnamese legislative body have little influence on infrastructure investments for their hometowns. Given the top-down nature of political promotions, officials arguably do not help their tiny communes in exchange for political support. Consistent with that, officials favor only their home commune and ignore their home district, which could offer larger political support. These findings suggest that nepotism is motivated by officials’ social preferences directed towards their related circles, and signals an additional form of corruption that may prevail in developing countries with low transparency.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114367883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}