Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series最新文献

{"title":"Chinese Economic Activities and Interests in Developing Countries","authors":"Nabaz Nawzad Abdullah, Mohd Abdul Rahman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2769114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2769114","url":null,"abstract":"The economic interest and activities of China has rapidly increased in developing countries since the economic reform of 1978. Chinese firms actively emerged in the Latin America and African market and challenged giant American and European companies. This paper aims to provide an insight of Chinese role and interests in poor and developing countries and why they prefer to work in these problematic areas. It also intends to indicate the side effects of Chinese economic activities in Latin and African countries. The findings of this study indicate that Chinese activities in developing countries are based on national interests, rather than friendship and solidarity. Therefore, motives of natural resources have far pushed China to pursue its interests in developing region to sustain its economy. The overall Chinese economic activities have brought positive changes to those nations and significantly contributed to economic and infrastructure development. This paper also found that Chinese firm emerged to be more successful and welcomed by the government and the people of the poor, marginalized countries compared to American and Europeans due to its unique economic characteristics, principles of none-state intervention and unconditional economic operations.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125744547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inequality, Technology and Job Polarization of the Youth Labor Market in Europe","authors":"Kariappa Bheemaiah, Mark J. Smith","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2615605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2615605","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a connecting methodology in order to trace the emerging dynamics of inequality for the youth populace of Europe. We determine that the development of these dynamics are directly affected by the advancement of technology, and especially related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), owing to their broad encompassing effects on various sectors of employment, education and societal structures. Firstly, the drivers of technological progress were analysed comparing 28 European countries simultaneously over a period extending from 2007 to 2013. Secondly, the relative positioning of these countries with respect to their technological standing was analysed using macro socio-economic indicators, in order to trace the relationship between technological advancement and their comparative levels of inequality for the youth population of their countries. Finally, a methodology was developed in order to ascertain the validity of our findings with the aid of a comprehensive indicator that encapsulates the factors governing the technological standing of a country. These exercises were performed on a granular distribution of the European youth populace and over a range of sectors of employment, in order to provide a heuristic connection between education, employment, income levels and ICT.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114800886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Business Duration of Life Insurance Companies affect the Financial Performance: A Case of Nepal","authors":"Rabindra Ghimire","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2609650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2609650","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to delve the impact of duration of operation to profitability in life insurance companies in Nepal. Eight private sector life insurance companies which were established in different phases have been compared on the basis of five years data. Six different ratios have been taken under consideration. The descriptive analysis proved that there is difference between the average of five years ratio between the four old and four new companies. The independent t test illustrates that there is significant difference between the financial performance of old and new companies in terms of GPPE and APE ratios however, in terms of IIIA, ROE, ROA, and EPE ratios there is no significant difference between the financial performance of old and new companies. The findings may be useful to insurers, policymakers and investors. It has been suggested to new companies that they should increase GPPE, APE, ROE and EPE ratio which are significantly lower as compared to the old companies.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123025289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Application of the Monetary Rule for the Base Interest Rate of the National Bank of Ukraine","authors":"S. Kozmenko, T. Savchenko, Yanina Piontkovska","doi":"10.21511/bbs.9(3).2015.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.9(3).2015.01","url":null,"abstract":"The paper studies methodological approaches to the formation of monetary policy rules for the base interest rate of the National Bank of Ukraine demonstrating the expediency of their development on the basis of the spread-adjusted Tay- lor rule. It carries out the assessment of equilibrium values for the rule’s parameters by using a modified Hodrick- Prescott filter as well as the identification of the possible parameters of the monetary rule and the estimation of their coefficients through the development of multivariate regression models.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126348339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laying the Foundation for Policy: Measuring Local Prevalence for Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Laura M. Ghali, C. Dudley, D. Dutton, Jennifer D. Zwicker, C. McMorris, J. C. H. Emery, D. Nicholas, M. Clarke","doi":"10.11575/SPPP.V9I0.42563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11575/SPPP.V9I0.42563","url":null,"abstract":"Claims have been made that families with children living with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been migrating to Alberta because of higher funding available for ASD supports compared to other provinces. The legitimacy of these claims, along with many others about the adequacy or inadequacy of funding for supporting persons living with ASD, has not been evaluated because we simply don’t know how many people in Alberta are living with ASD. Typically in Canada, ASD prevalence is reported in national figures, based on international estimates. Canadian prevalence estimates for ASD are needed. With no national surveillance system in place, national estimates are difficult to determine. In addition, such broad measurements are problematic as they may not adequately inform the service delivery needs for specific jurisdictions. A new study shows that 1,711, or 1 in 94, school age children in the Calgary region have an ASD diagnosis. As this number matches what is often reported for the national prevalence of ASD, it suggests that Alberta’s relatively higher ASD funding is not inducing in-migration of families seeking better support. The data also show that the prevalence is higher in elementary-grade children, with a diagnosis in one of every 86 children. In the senior grades, there are significantly fewer students with ASD diagnoses, specifically within the Calgary Board of Education. There is no evident reason for diagnoses to seemingly dematerialize in the older grades. These students could be dropping out or choosing home-schooling in greater numbers. Possibly there has been an increase in prevalence. These prevalence estimates help to inform the demand for special-needs services within the local school system. In addition, there is growing concern that upon graduation there is a “support cliff” resulting from a less systematized, less generous support system available for adults with neurodevelopmental disability. Families that need support for ASD face enough challenges; it is critical for policy-makers to be aware of the extent of the situation in their own jurisdiction so as to develop the right kinds of supports for these families.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123165906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Stalin's Deportations on Distrust in Central Authority","authors":"Roman Levkin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2484925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2484925","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the effect of deportations under Stalin on the long run distrust in central authority. In the Soviet Union about 2.8 million people of nine ethnic groups were deported by Stalin from their homelands to Siberia and Central Asia in the 1940s. Unlike other deported ethnic groups, Germans, Crimean Tatars and Turks-Meskhetians were not rehabilitated after Stalin’s death and stayed in the areas of their deportations till the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Using regional data from the 1991 referendum on the future of the Soviet Union and data from the Life in Transition survey, we find that deportations have a negative effect on trust in central authority. The long-term effect is stronger for unrehabilitated ethnic groups, especially Germans who were the most numerous deported ethnic group. The quantitative effect is significant: an increase in the share of deported Germans by 1% implies a decrease in the percentage of votes in favor of the Soviet Union in the referendum by 0.75% and a decrease in probability of trust in president by 5% nowadays.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"1899 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121781859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian Manipulation of Litigation Outcomes","authors":"E. Guerra-Pujol, E. Guerra-Pujol","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2429460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2429460","url":null,"abstract":"In our previous work (Guerra-Pujol, 2011), we presented a general Bayesian model of the litigation process and concluded that \"regardless of the operative rules of procedure and substantive legal doctrine, litigation outcomes [are] a highly reliable indicator of a defendant's [actual] guilt.\" By contrast, economists Eric Kamenica and Matthew Gentzkow recently presented a hypothetical example of Bayesian manipulation of litigation outcomes in their 2011 paper titled \"Bayesian Persuasion.\" The remainder of our paper is thus organized as follows: In part one, we restate Kamenica and Gentzkow's example of Bayesian manipulation in litigation outcomes. Next, in part two, we evaluate their hypothetical example through a Bayesian lens and identify a crucial defect in their analysis: although the Sender in their model is required to tell the truth, he is not required to send an accurate or reliable signal. Thus, because the Sender can choose the level of accuracy or reliability of his signal, we would expect a rational judge to take this possibility into account by updating two separate probabilities -- not only the prior probability of the defendant’s guilt -- but also the prior probability that the prosecutor's signal is accurate or reliable. In part three, to illustrate our Bayesian analysis of the litigation process, we restate a thought-experiment that appears in Thomas Bayes' 1763 essay on inverse probability and draw an analogy between Bayes' 1763 thought-experiment and Kamenica and Gentzkow’s model. Part four concludes.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130771362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Joint Ventures as a European Policy Instrument Beneath Directives and Action Plans: Transitions, Interlocking and Permeability of Political, Technological and Economical Requirements","authors":"W. Schulz, Prof. Dr. Wieker, Jennifer Kichniawy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2606414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2606414","url":null,"abstract":"Research joint ventures (RJV) are a third option beneath directives and action plans for European policy to establish emerging markets. Further RJV increase and strengthen European Integration and competitiveness. The paper analyzes empirically the dimensions of RJV in Europe. The automotive industry is the most important industry for the wealth of the EU. Consequently, RJV in the field of Intelligent Transport Systems are examined. The triangle between political goals, technological developments, and economic requirements will receive a thorough examination. One of the lighthouse projects in Europe is CONVERGE. CONVERGE develops pioneering approaches to traffic management and vehicle safety. Still a holistic system architecture for flexible interaction between different service providers and communications network operators is missing in a decentralized, scalable structure. The aim of the project CONVERGE is to close this gap. The paper shows the transitions, interlocking and permeability of RJV. The new approach of the institutional economic role model (IERM) will be used in Europe as a blueprint for the way to initiate politically technological leadership and competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126552310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manpower Training Programmes and Workers Job Retention in Nigerian Banking Industry","authors":"O. Solaja","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2413143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2413143","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the nexus between manpower training programmes and workers job retention in Nigeria banking industry. The study adopts a co-relational survey method in which self-administered questionnaire and personal observation were used. One hundred and twenty samples were drawn from four branches each from the two selected commercial banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data were analyzed using regression, correlation and t-test analysis. The finding revealed that manpower training programmes has direct influence on job retention. Also, the finding established that out of the six (6) manpower training programmes carried out in the study, only two (labour relations skill and interpersonal treatment skill training) significantly influence workers job retention in Nigerian banking industry. Thus, the study concluded that quality manpower training programmes helps in determining the faith of workers in the face of job retrenchment especially those who possessed indispensable skills needed for organizational competitiveness and success.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115479661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ин�?титуты Как Конкурентное Преимуще�?тво Инновационного Развити�? Зарубежных Стран и Ин�?титуциональные Проблемы Ро�?�?ии (Institutions as the Competitive Advantage of Innovative Development of Foreign Countries and Institution Problem in Russia)","authors":"L. Belova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2365330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2365330","url":null,"abstract":"В статье исследуются результаты превращения институтов и институционального режима в конкурентное преимущество, способствующее инновационному развитию зарубежных стран, и российские институты и институциональный режим как главные барьеры на пути инновационного развития России. Сделан вывод, что инновационное развитие и повышение международной конкурентоспособности российской экономики в значительной степени зависят от превращения задачи создания институтов инновационного развития в национальный приоритет государственной политики и в ключевой интерес частного сектора экономики. In the article the author examines the results of metamorphosis of institutions and institutional regime into a competitive advantage, contributing to the innovative development of foreign countries, and Russian institutions and institutional regime as the main barriers to the innovative development in Russia. The article concluded that the innovative development and rising of the international competitiveness of the Russian economy is largely dependent on making the task of creating institutions of innovative development into the national public policy priority and into the key interest in the private sector.","PeriodicalId":307125,"journal":{"name":"Institutional & Transition Economics Policy Paper Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124350219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}