Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Biomechanical Movements and Injury Risk Factors in Weight Lifting (Snatch)","authors":"Y. Moon","doi":"10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.369","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306685,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116773391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Lower Extremity Joint Moment and Power during Squat in Female Patients with Genu Varum","authors":"Ji-Man Jeong, B. Lim","doi":"10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.407","url":null,"abstract":"Genu varum is a condition where the center of the knee joint is bent outward on a straight line that connects from the centers of the hip joint to that of the knee joint like an archerˈs bow (Mansfield & Neumann, 2009). Genu varum is divided into different levels, depending on the size of the gap measured when a person stands with the legs closed; Level I is diagnosed when the gap is <2.5 cm, while Level 2 is between 2.5 and 5.0 cm, Level 3 between 5.0 and 7.5 cm, and Level 4 >7.5 cm (Yang, 2013). Genu varum causes fatigue and deformity by increasing the instability of the lower extremity, which overloads the hip, knee, and ankle joints and accelerates the decline of body functions and degeneration of the joints (Wegener, Kisner, & Nichols, 1997). As a result, the vastus medialis and gluteus medius in the quadriceps, hamstring, and tibialis anterior grow weak, while the lower extremity loses its normal function as the tensor fasciae latae and soleus become short, making the joints swollen and causing pain (Cook, Burton, Kiesel, Rose, & Bryant, 2010). In addition, it also affects walking abilities as the patella is not in the normal position (Fry, Smith, & Schilling, 2003). There have been a few exercise programs developed to correct genu varum; stretching, band exercise, sling exercise, and muscle resistive exercise have been reported to correct genu varum (Jacobon & Speechley, 1990; Smith, 1994). Clinically, there has been much effort to correct genu varum by combining various exercises together, and in particular, much attention is being paid to strengthening of the quadriceps and hamstring that contribute to the stability of the knee joint (Wayne & Susan, 2001). Squat exercise is a multi-joint exercise that is the most well-known to strengthen the quadriceps and hamstring while flexing the hip, knee, and ankle joints simultaneously and developing the muscles of the lower extremity needed to correct genu varum (Palmitier & Scott, 1991). There are three types of squat exercise according to squat depth, including quarter squat, half squat, and full squat, and according to the knee angle, it can be further divided into semi squatting (40°), half squatting (70~100°), and deep squatting (≥100°) (Escamilla, 2001). Squat exercise is good in training the muscles of the lower extremity; therefore, a correct position is required. With a wrong squatting position, the lower back and the knee can get injured (Fry, 1993; OˈShea, 1985; Williams, 1980); hence, a correct position to prevent this should be taught in performing the exercise. Squat exercise is the most representative exercise that strengthens the muscles of the lower extremity and develops the muscles needed to correct genu varum. As such, it is essential for women with genu varum to perform such exercise to not only correct genu varum but also develop the needed muscles. However, most of the previous studies where the squat exercise was the variable focused on people without genu varum or athlete","PeriodicalId":306685,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128095534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical Analysis of Injury Factor According to the Change of Direction After Single-leg Landing","authors":"Jongbin Kim, Sang-Kyoon Park","doi":"10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.433","url":null,"abstract":"Sports injuries occur frequently during various sports competitions, and many studies have been conducted to improve athletic performance and prevent injuries (Mcnitt-Gray, 1989). Lower extremity joint injuries occur in approximately 77% of cases, with knee (21%) and ankle (18%) joint injuries accounting for significant portions of such injuries (Tropp, Askling & Gillquist, 1985). With respect to injury type, approximately 50% and 13% of all knee injuries involved the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL), respectively (Majewski, Susanneet & Klaus, 2006). Among the injury types, ACL injuries account for approximately 70% of non-contact injuries during actual physical activities (Meyer & Haut, 2008). Ankle injuries occur at a frequency of 50% for sprains, 17% for spasms, 12% for bruises, and 5% for fractures (Hang, 2013). Among athletes who incurred ankle sprains, >70% experienced additional and repetitive symptoms of dysfunction and re-injury (Anandacoomarasamy & Barnsley, 2005). Knee ligament injuries and ankle sprains occur during sports competitions and trainings (Hootman, Dick & Agel, 2007). Various reports have indicated that the causes of injuries include decreased range of motion (ROM) of the lower extremity joints and large impact force (Chae & Kang, 2009; Kim, Oh & Jeong, 2015; Yeow, Lee & Goh, 2011) and large valgus angle (Cho, Kim, Moon, Cho & Lee, 2010; Shin, Choi & Kim, 2015). Meanwhile, a study that compared between normal and perceived landing reported that the flexion angle of the knee was larger in perceived landing than in normal landing (Choi, 2015; Schmitz, Kulas, Perrin, Riemann & Shultz, 2007; Sigward, Pollard & Powers, 2012). Moreover, a study on landing that simulated actual sports motion reported that injuries may appear from the impact load in the lower extremity joints during landing from jumping (Kim & Cho, 2012). The cause of such injury was attributed to lower extremity joint injury from insufficient impact absorption during landing and inKJSB Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2016; 26(4): 433-441 http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.433 http://e-kjsb.org eISSN 2093-9752 ORIGINAL","PeriodicalId":306685,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124455461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Postural Stability in Response to External Perturbation Intensity in Dancers and Non-dancers","authors":"Da Won Park, K. Koh, Sung Ro Lee, Y. Park, J. Shim","doi":"10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.427","url":null,"abstract":"This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea through grant funding from the Korean Government (Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning) in 2012 (NRF-2012R1A6A3A04040457).","PeriodicalId":306685,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128661589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematic Characteristics Based on Proficiency In Geoduepyeopchagi in Taekwondo Poomsae Koryo","authors":"Jaemoo So, Sung-Sun Kang, A. Hong, Jong Min Jung, J. Kim","doi":"10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.343","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to help improve game performance and provide preliminary data to enhance the efficiency of the kick and stability of the support foot by comparing the kinematic characteristics of the repeated side kick (geodeupyeopchagi) in poomsaeKoryo between expert and nonexpert groups. Method: The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to proficiency in Taekwondo, an expert group and a non-expert group (n = 7 in each group), to observe the repeated side-kick technique. Four video cameras were set at a speed of 60 frames/sec and exposure time of 1/500 sec to measure the kinematic factors of the 2 groups. The Kwon3D XPprogramas used to collect and analyze three-dimensional spatial coordinates. Ground reaction force data were obtained through a force plate with a 1.200-Hz frequency. An independent samplesttest was performed, and statistical significance was defined as .05. The SPSS 18.0 software was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the kinematic factors and to identify the difference between the experts and non-experts. Results: The angular displacement of the hip joint in both the expert and non-expert groups showed statistical significance on E1 and E4 of the left support foot and E5 of the right foot (p<.05). The angle displacement of the knee joint in both groups showed statistical significance on E4 of the left support foot, and E1 and E2 of the right foot (p<.05). The angular velocity of the lower leg in both groups showed no statistical significance on the left support foot but showed statistical significance on E2 and E6 of the right foot (p<.05). The angular velocity of the foot in both groups showed no statistical significance on the left support foot but showed statistical significance on E2 of the right foot (p<.05). The vertical ground reaction force in both groups showed statistical significance on E2 (p<.05). The center of pressure in all directions in both groups showed statistical significance (p<.5). Conclusion: While performing the repeated side kick (geodeupyeopchagi), the experts maintainedconsistency and stability of the angle of the support leg while the kick foot moved high and fast. On the other hand, the angle of the support foot of non-experts appeared inconsistent, and the kick foot was raised, relying on the support leg, resulting in unstable and inaccurate movement.","PeriodicalId":306685,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128822244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Standing Balance of the Elderly with Different Balance Abilities by using Kinect and Wii Balance Board","authors":"S. Yang, Jungryul Seo, Daehyeok Kim, D. Kang, Jin-Seung Choi, G. Tack","doi":"10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.391","url":null,"abstract":"Aging-induced deterioration of physical functions results in impaired balance, causing difficulties in daily living and increasing fall risks (Youm & Kim, 2012; Jeon, Park, Kang & Kim, 2009). Aging is closely related to postural sway, which is critical for maintaining balance, and many studies have been conducted on this topic (Woollacott & ShumwayCook, 2002). Various studies performed measurements of standing body sway, which constitutes the basis of most daily living activities, as a means to assess individual balance, as these parameters present differrences between clinical populations in a noninvasive manner (Koslucher et al., 2012). Traditionally, expensive specialized equipment such as force plates (Prado et al., 2007) or three-dimensional motion analyzers (McLoughlin, Barr, Crotty, Lord & Sturnieks, 2015) has been used for quantitative kinematic measurements of body sway, but more economic and userfriendly equipment such as Kinect Sensor (Microsoft, USA) and Wii Balance Board (WBB; Nintendo, Japan) has been gaining popularity in recent years. Depending on specific standing motions, Kinect provides a relatively accurate location of anatomical joint centers (AJC) by using depth sensors and red green blue (RGB) sensors, while WBB provides information on the center of pressure (COP). These two devices use different measurement methods, but share a common feature of enabling quantitative measurement of body sway without the need to attach separate sensors or markers on the subject's body. Furthermore, Kinect and WBB have been verified to parallel the traditional specialized equipment for use in clinical balance assessment using quantitative kinematic measurements (Clark et al., 2012; Clark et al., 2010). However, previous studies that used Kinect and WBB suggested that these devices have positive effects as intervention tools for exercise games via their developed software (Vernadakis, Derri, Tsitskari & Antoniou, 2014; Goble, Cone & Fling., 2014), but their potential for use in clinical balance assessment of the elderly has hardly been documented. In particular, Goble, Cone and Fling reported that WBB, with its low cost and portability, is a useful alternative to the traditional force platforms, but the balance metrics provided by the software are less effective in describing balance states (Goble et al., 2014). Therefore, parameters that are appropriate for clinical assessment of balance should be extracted by using Kinect and WBB, as doing so may add to the existing benefits of these devices (e.g., low cost and portability) and increase their value as assessment instruments by providing clinical meanings of balance assessment results. In this context, in this study, we measured standing body sway by using Kinect and WBB in elderly subjects to verify the efficacy of these Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2016; 26(4): 391-396 http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.391 http://e-kjsb.org eISSN 2093-9752 ORIGINAL","PeriodicalId":306685,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132673072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of an 8-week Pilates Core Training on the Stability and Symmetry of the L-sit on Rings","authors":"Gilhojong, Sihyun Ryu, Sukhoon Yoon","doi":"10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.383","url":null,"abstract":"(D, L-sit L-sit the most time it is a basic technique determines the level of perfection of a routine (Sommer, 2008). technical analysis of L-sit should be conducted for successful completion of a routine. studies on the rings to date conducted electromyography (EMG). A study by (1997) reported that effective training methods could be developed by analyzing EMG data, while that by Kim (1985) reported that the muscle activities of the upper limbs were higher while performing an iron cross. Further, another study by Kim (2001), which analyzed EMG data while the participants performed an inverted iron cross, reported that the highest upper limb muscle activities were observed in the biceps followed by the triceps. A study by Park (2004) Objective: Gymnastics on rings needs a high level of muscle strength with balance ability for controlling the body. A study on a new balance training program is necessary for elite gymnasts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week pilates core-muscle training on balance ability and asymmetry index of the L-sit on the rings in male elite gymnasts. Method: Ten elite gymnasts (age: 20.6 ± 0.7 years, height: 169.9 ± 4.9 cm, weight: 65.4 ± 5.6 kg, career duration: 20.6 ± 0.7 years), who are students at K-university, participated in this study. Results: First, the range of the COM tended to decrease in the anterior-posterior direction. Second, the left hip joint angle and knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion angles significantly increased after the pilates training. Third, the ROM also increased. Fourth, the symmetry value increased in the hip angle, while the symmetry index in all joints of the ROM decreased. As a result, the pilates core-muscle training influenced the static balance ability during the L-sit on the rings. Conclusion: Accordingly, the pilates core-muscle training is suitable in enhancing the basic balance ability in gymnastics on rings. the during the a of the rings. The displacements, changes in the position of the distal hands of the lower and SIs as variables of balance evaluation on the rings.","PeriodicalId":306685,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126015974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematical Aspects Gliding Technique in 500-m Speed Skaters: From Start to Seven Strokes","authors":"Jae-Kyun Ryu, Y. Kim, S. Hong","doi":"10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.333","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the consistency of the gliding and push-off motion for single leg skating from the first to fourteenth steps. We hypothesized that: 1) there would be no difference in stroke trajectory, step rate, and cycle rate between the left and right steps of gliding; and 2) there would be a difference in the resultant velocity of toe push-off and the horizontal velocity of the center of mass after six step push-offs. Method: The study included five male 500-m speed skaters (mean height, 1.80 ± 0.02 m; mean weight, 76.8 ± 3.96 kg; record, 35.83 ± 0.30 sec; 100-m record, <9.97 sec). Data were collected from the first to fourteenth steps (40 m) and recorded using five digital JVC GR-HD1KR video cameras (Victor Co., Japan) operating at a sampling frequency of 60 fields/sec and shutter speed of 1/500 sec. For each film frame, the joint positions were digitized using the KWON3D motion analyzer. Position data were filtered with low-pass Butterworth 4th order at the cut-off frequency of 7.4 Hz. Results: The right toe of the skating trajectories at 2nd, 5th, and 7th strokes differed from those of the left toe. The angles of the right and left knee demonstrated unbalanced patterns from the flexion and extension legs. The step and cycle rates of the right and left leg differed from the start until 20 m. The resultant velocities of the toe at the push-off phase and of the body mass center diverged before the six push-offs. Conclusion: This study`s findings indicate that the toe of skating trajectory on left and right sliding after push-off should maintain a symmetrical trajectory. The resultant velocity of toe push-off and horizontal velocity from the center of body need to be separated after about six step push-offs.","PeriodicalId":306685,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116582431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Pilates Exercise on Static and Dynamic Balance in the Elderly","authors":"Ji-Hye Park, J. Lee, Jeongok Yang, Bom-jin Lee, Kang-Ho Bae, J. Shin","doi":"10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.397","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid changes in modern society, reduction in manual labor and increased interest in health have extended the life expectancy of modern people. This prolonged life expectancy has led to an increase in the absolute number and the relative proportion of the elderly population. According to the National Statistical Office (2016) in South Korea, the Korean population aged 65 years or older accounts for about 13% of the total population, with 6,624,000 individuals as of 2015, which is an increase of 2,000,000 compared with 10 years ago. The elderly population is predicted to increase to approximately 40% of the total population by 2020. This prediction has led many medical and health professionals to pay more attention to the health, safety, and quality of life of the elderly population. In particular, human body functions that change with age include changes in the musculoskeletal system and central nervous system (Alexander, 1994). The aging process is accompanied by the deterioration of various physical functions, and typical changes include decreased kinesthesia and proprioception, decreased muscle mass, increased vibration sensory threshold and decreased cognitive abilities such as memory and attention span (Kollegger, Baumgartner, Wober, Oder & Deecke, 1992). Such changes in physical functions often lead to gait instability and impaired balance ability, constraining the social autonomy of elderly individuals and causing falls in some cases (Jiang, 1993; Lach et al., 1991). In addition, decreased balance due to increasing age and decreased physical function due to reduced muscle strength, muscle endurance, especially reduced muscle endurance in the lower limbs, are important risk factors for falls (Tinetti & Speechley, 1989; Tobis, Friis & Reinsch, 1989; Whipple, Wolfson & Amerman, 1987). As such, falls and fall-associated injuries in the elderly are common. Nearly one-third of elderly individuals aged 75 years or older experience at least one fall and 6% of them sustain fractures over a 1-year period (Alexander, 1994). Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2016; 26(4): 397-405 http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.397 http://e-kjsb.org eISSN 2093-9752 ORIGINAL","PeriodicalId":306685,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116224901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Aiming Patterns and Scores in Archery Shooting","authors":"Cheng-Hao Quan, Sangmin Lee","doi":"10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.353","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in recent technology have enabled miniaturization, low power consumption, and wireless communication, which have facilitated the acquisition of basic data (electromyography, movement, etc.) especially for motion analysis in the field of sports science. A study by Stuart and Atha (1990), which was the first to analyze postural consistency in the field of archery, attached markers on the archer's head and the elbow of the drawing arm, as well as on the bow above where the bow was held by the hand. The authors then recorded the changes in the position of those aforementioned markers with a camera when the bowstring was released, and subsequently analyzed the recorded motion. In a recent study by Ertan (2009), the muscle activation patterns of the M. flexor digitorum superficialis (MFDS) and M. extensor digitorum (MED) in the bow arm during bowstring release were measured by electromyographic (EMG) signals, and the findings were analyzed. In addition, motion analysis was conducted in a study by Horask and Heller (2011) by attaching 20 markers on the hand of the drawing arm (more specifically, the fingers, top of the hand, and wrist) and using eight infrared cameras to record the positional changes in the markers during bowstring release. In short, these studies analyzed the motion of the moment of arrow release and used cameras or EMG signals for data acquisition. Cameras have limited use in places sensitive to light, and it is cumbersome to attach markers. However, motion analysis systems combined with cameras are widely used as analysis tools, and similarly, although there are many tools that analyze EMG signals, these tools require great care with respect to the locations and methods of attaching the electrodes. Consideration must also be given to whether such systems can be easily applied to athletes, in nonlaboratory settings, for data acquisition. A study by Kian, Ghomshe and Norang (2013) also used cameras to analyze the bow arm movements. A recent study by Polak, Kulasa, VencesBrito, Castro and Fernandes (2016) that investigated motion analysis systems showed that various tools or systems are available for motion analysis in the field of sports science, and systems that utilize inertia sensors (acceleration) are quite notable in particular, resulting in a broad range of choice in motion analysis tools. Despite this fact, a closer look at recent studies in the sports science KJSB Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2016; 26(4): 353-360 http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2016.26.4.353 http://e-kjsb.org eISSN 2093-9752 ORIGINAL","PeriodicalId":306685,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114330064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}