Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 pandemic – mode of transmission and preventative measures to stop its spreading","authors":"I. R. Parrey","doi":"10.7770/SAFER-V0N0-ART2376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7770/SAFER-V0N0-ART2376","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of our research was into  providing a protocol to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in light of the limited information related to this coronavirus. In detail, we broke down and looked focused on proof based rules gave in the different nations influenced by this pestilence up till now. In addition, we broke down the suggestions for the counteraction and control of different pandemics brought about by different pathogens having a place with a similar group of coronaviruses or others that present similar instruments of transmission Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have emerged, and given the momentum nonappearance of exceptionally powerful endorsed antibodies or medications, beast power approaches including physical hindrances are being utilized to counter infection spread. A significant reason for physical insurance from respiratory contaminations is eye, nose, and mouth security. Nonetheless, eye insurance with goggles is dangerous due to \"misting\", while nose/mouth assurance is confused by the breathing challenges related with non-valved respirators.Key words:  Coronavirus, Pandemic, Transmission, Preventative Measures.","PeriodicalId":30590,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43417142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient and anti-nutrient composition of processed crayfish (Atya gabonensis) from river Benue, Nigeria.","authors":"Micheal Iwar, C. Amu","doi":"10.7770/SAFER-V0N0-ART2257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7770/SAFER-V0N0-ART2257","url":null,"abstract":"The species of crayfish  identified as (Atya gabonensis) along River Benue Nigeria and were captured and analyzed for nutrient and antinutrient content including, proximate composition (crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and moisture content), as well as vitamin A, Vitamin B components, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, vitamin E, Vitamin K and select mineral concentrations. Additionally, some important antinutrients in crayfish were also examined. The proximate composition showed that moisture content was (9.54%), protein was (7.46%), Crude fibre was (5.60%), fat was (1.57%) and ash was (2.47%) respectively. This was found to be rich in protein and considerably high amount of moisture content. The anti-nutrient composition analysis revealed the presence of Saponin (0.471mg/100g), Alkaloid (3.905mg/100g), flavonoid (0.675mg/100g), tannin (0.017mg/100g), Phytate (0.060mg/100g), Oxalate (0.005mg/100g) and others, all of which are below toxic level. For mineral and vitamin compositions, potassium was significantly (P>0.05) higher than iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus while vitamin C was (4.920mg/100g) which is higher than all other vitamins evaluated. Based on these findings crayfish (Atya gabonensis) is recommended for consumption and for further investigation as a potential raw material for the  pharmaceutical industry.Keywords: Atya gabonensis, Nutrient, Anti nutrient, River Benue,composition","PeriodicalId":30590,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48587536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is dairy wastewater safe for production of edible microbial biomass: A case study of Saras dairy plant at Jaipur, India","authors":"Suman Gaur, N. Mathur, Anuradha Singh, P. Bhatnagar","doi":"10.7770/SAFER-V0N0-ART2305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7770/SAFER-V0N0-ART2305","url":null,"abstract":"Mismanagement of wastewater at large scale may lead to catastrophic environmental and health consequences. Microbial remediation of wastewater is one of the most effective low-cost solutions. There are also initiatives to use wastewater for production edible biomass as an alternative for protein diets. While much researches were oriented towards maximum recovery of biomass and applications, less were focused on mutagenicity of dairy wastewater. In this study, we examined wastewater of one of the largest dairy industries in Rajasthan for its suitability for microbial biomass production and mutagenicity. Influent wastewater was collected from Saras dairy plant, Jaipur, for over a week. Physiochemical properties of wastewater were examined, such as; temperature, pH, salinity, TSS, TDS, turbidity, conductivity, BOD, COD, total carbon, and total nitrogen. SOS chromotest and Salmonella fluctuation test (TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102) were carried out at variable concentration of wastewater to assess mutagenic activity. Results indicated ideal pH, temperature and salinity, for microbial remediation. High TOC and TKN were also observed in the investigated wastewater, which is few of the prerequisites for single cell production. The ratio of BOD and COD was between 0.3-0.4, making the wastewater ideal for microbial growth. No mutagenic activity was observed by SOS chromotest, all three concentrations (C 0.01, C 0.1, and C 0.2) investigated in this study were <1.5 IF. Likewise, mutagenic ratio for all three types of Salmonella revertants were below 1.2 threshold, for investigated concentrations (C 0.5, C 1, and C 10) of wastewater. Conclusively, examined influent wastewater is less likely to induce mutagenic activity at the investigated concentration. Through physiochemical analysis, the investigated wastewater assumed to be candidate substrate for microbial biomass production.","PeriodicalId":30590,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47181365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical Studies on edible oysters Crassostrea madrasensis and Saccostrea cucullata.","authors":"Packiam Paul, C. Stella, J. Siva","doi":"10.7770/SAFER-V0N0-ART2316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7770/SAFER-V0N0-ART2316","url":null,"abstract":"n general, changes in biochemical components are closely linked to the state of sexual maturity of the mollusks and to energy supply, either directly from ingested food or from previously stored reserves. Carbohydrates are considered to be the main energy source in adult marine bivalves and are important for gamete formation and maintenance of adult condition during periods of nutritive stress or in winter. Many studies have related changes in the biochemical composition of bivalves with the reproductive cycle mostly in the natural environment. Energy storage and biochemical cycle are closely related to reproductive activity in marine bivalves. The present study indicates that major biochemical constituents in oyster Crassostrea madrasensis and Saccostrea cucullate are significantly influenced by environment condition such as quantity of food availability, temperature and salinity. The high contents of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and water content values, during summer are indicating this season as the best for harvesting this particular oyster species and the statistical analysis of the biochemical composition of the tissue sample of the oyster revealed positive correlation in both species of oyster Crassostrea madrasensis and Saccostrea cucullata. The strong Positive Correlation were observed in between the two stations and the highest value of protein, carbohydrate and lipids were observed in Crassostrea madrasensis rock and creek when it compare to Saccostrea cucullata.\u0000Keywords: Protein, Carbohydrate, Lipid , Crassostrea madrasensis, Saccostrea cucullata, oysters","PeriodicalId":30590,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45913193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Livelihood Vulnerability of Climate Induced Migrants: A Micro Level Study on Sagar Island, India","authors":"S. Singh, A. Bera","doi":"10.7770/SAFER-V0N0-ART2324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7770/SAFER-V0N0-ART2324","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of climate change are causing large scale human displacements over the past few decades. Climate refugees are putting the biggest challenges to the geophysical biological and social system all over the world. This paper attempts to assess and compare the vulnerability of the climate-induced migrants and regular settlers of selected mouzas of Sagar Island, south 24parganas, India. People are witnessing their lands vanishing under their feet in these constantly sinking and shrinking deltaic estuaries of Sundarban. Findings of LVI and LVI-IPCC analysis indicate that the climate-induced migrant communities are more exposed to climatic variability due to the poor adaptive capacity. Moreover, poor access to food, water, health facilities is making them extremely vulnerable with lower resilience as these mouzas are facing frequent flooding, severe coastal erosion, embankment breaching and higher storm surge on annual basis. The outcomes of this study could be beneficial ineffective on-site risk management and planning propositions.","PeriodicalId":30590,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49552308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of climate variability on growth and variability of agricultural productivity: a review","authors":"R. Kumari, S. Kanga","doi":"10.7770/SAFER-V0N0-ART2244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7770/SAFER-V0N0-ART2244","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a comprehensive review of different research papers, reports and articles associated with the impacts of the variability of climatic parameters mainly temperature and rainfall on agricultural productivity and its variability. In the high altitude and hilly regions due increase of temperature from low temperature, it makes those regions more favorable to more crop yield. Whereas in the planer region due to the increase of temperature the crop yields are getting affected to a greater extent. The rainfall is also having a great impact on the crop yield. However, due to irregular seasonal patterns, an increase in the number of dry days and extremely high rainy days are affecting the yield of almost every crop. Apart from temperature and rainfall, the crop yields are also affected by greenhouse gases, for example, carbon dioxide, carbon mono-oxide, methane, etc. In opposite to that, the high volume of agricultural practices can decrease the level of greenhouse gases and climate change.","PeriodicalId":30590,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45601116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Controlled Forest Fires on Soil Properties in Gadchiroli Forest Circle, Central India","authors":"R. Kamble","doi":"10.7770/SAFER-V0N0-ART2253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7770/SAFER-V0N0-ART2253","url":null,"abstract":"Forest is an important ecosystem service to human beings. In recent decades the forest is facing tremendous pressure from anthropogenic activities. One of the activities is the burning of forest floor for easy collection of non-timber forest produce. As a result of this number of incidences of forest fires has increased in the tribal-dominated area of the world. These forest fires have adverse impacts on soil properties which will ultimately in the long term have impacts on the forest ecosystem. Taking into consideration this fact this study was attempted to assess the impacts of controlled forest fires on the physicochemical properties of forest soil in the Gadchiroli forest circle of Central India. To assess the impacts six sampling sites from the forest where identified from the study area where no previous forest fire history was recorded in that season. Initial soil sampling before controlled forest fire was carried out in summer 2019 by quartering method in the topsoil layer (1-5 cm). A controlled forest fire was carried out in the same area. The soil was prepared for soil analysis and analysed by adopting standard methods for bulk density, water holding capacity, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, and organic matter. Results revealed that forest fires increase the bulk density of soil, at 50% (n = 3) sampling locations water holding capacity got reduced down; whereas, at other half increased in capacity was observed. In the case of soil pH 66% (n = 4) sample reported increased in soil pH and at other reduction in soil pH was recorded. Except at one sampling location electrical conductivity was reduced. A similar trend was also noticed for organic carbon and organic matter. Bulk density and water holding capacity will have long term impacts; whereas, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and organic matter will have short term impacts. Furthermore, in those sampling locations where forest fire does not occur in the last 2-3 years organic carbon and organic matter content of the soil is high. Thus, measures to be taken to reduce forest fires activities by incorporating an effective forest fire management system at a place by incorporating fire load management subsystem and fire suppression subsystem.  ","PeriodicalId":30590,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45933104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of public entrepreneurship in the progress of agricultural produces in Himalayas","authors":"I. R. Parrey","doi":"10.7770/safer-v0n0-art2333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7770/safer-v0n0-art2333","url":null,"abstract":"Villagers living in the Western Himalayan region of Uttarakhand are primarily dependent upon subsistence farming. They follow the practice of growing crops and raising livestock sufficient only for one's own use, without any surplus for trade. With the growing financial needs of the villagers, some portion of their produces is now readily available for marketing. While doing so a farmer gets easily entrapped into the web of the middleman, who provides him anticipatory loans in lieu of the agricultural produces grown by him and a promise to handover those produces at a much lower prices. Under this process farmers are totally debarred from getting a real fair price for their agricultural produces which otherwise they could have fetched in the absence of a middleman. This paper showcases a real experiment done by one of the authors of this paper in which a Farmer’s Producer Organization was established with hundreds of local farmers. Farmer’s Producer Organization is ensuring true monetary value for their agricultural produces by eliminating middleman and ensuring value addition to their produces. This paper critically analyses a case of formation of a Farmer’s Producer Organization in Mukteshwar area of District Nainital, Uttarakhand. Paper also throws light over its working and the challenges being faced by new generation Farmers. Key Words: Traditional farming, Framer’s Producer Organization, Middleman, Livelihood security.","PeriodicalId":30590,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42926879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extent of variability in fruit morphological characters of local mango germplasm","authors":"Gurbir Singh, Dr. Sukhdev Singh","doi":"10.7770/safer-v0n0-art2281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7770/safer-v0n0-art2281","url":null,"abstract":" A study was conducted on twenty five genotypes of seedling Mangoes to examine fruit morphological characters. Fruit shape of the evaluated germplasm varied enormously and fruits of obovoid, elliptic, round and oblong shapes were found. Fruit apex shape in the evaluated plants was round, acute and obtuse. Depth of fruit stalk cavity was either absent, shallow and of medium type, whereas, fruit neck prominence was absent to slightly prominent in the tested plants. Shape of fruit ventral shoulder was varied and found to be slopping abruptly, rising and then rounded and long curve type in the evaluated germplasm. Fruit beak varies from pointed to perceptible type and fruit sinus was absent to shallow type in the fruits from different plants. Fruit attractiveness varies from very good to excellent and fruit colour from greenish yellow to green colour of fruit skin at maturity was noted in fruits from selected trees. Peel colour of AA-15 was different amongst all the genotypes which were green with red blush. Pulp colour varied from light orange, yellow orange, orange yellow, yellow and light yellow, whereas, pulp texture was soft to intermediate in the evaluated germplasm. Key words: Mangifera indica; Genotype susceptibility; Punjab; India.","PeriodicalId":30590,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44501521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID -19 and its environmental impacts.","authors":"I. R. Parrey","doi":"10.7770/safer-v0n0-art2254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7770/safer-v0n0-art2254","url":null,"abstract":"This analysis aims to show the impact of COVID-19 on the environment, particularly in the countries, which are deadly affected by COVID-19, such countries include China, USA, Italy, and Spain. Our experiment suggested that there are significant contingency measures and improvements in air quality, clean beaches, rivers, and environmental noise reduction. However, on the other side, there are some negative effects of COVID -19 such as the reduction in cycling, large waste, fishing, unemployment. In order to build back, better UN has given six climate-related actions to shape the recovery for the future.","PeriodicalId":30590,"journal":{"name":"Sustainability Agri Food and Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44327085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}