Constanze Schattke, Fernanda Olivares, Hema’ny Molina, L. Menéndez, S. Eggers
{"title":"Osteobiographical re-individualisation of the Selk'nam human remains at the Natural History Museum Vienna","authors":"Constanze Schattke, Fernanda Olivares, Hema’ny Molina, L. Menéndez, S. Eggers","doi":"10.7227/hrv.9.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.9.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Osteological collections are key sources of information in providing crucial\u0000 insight into the lifestyles of past populations. In this article, we conduct an\u0000 osteobiographical assessment of the human remains of fourteen Selk'nam\u0000 individuals, which are now housed in the Department of Anthropology, Natural\u0000 History Museum Vienna, Austria. The aim is to bring these individuals closer to\u0000 their communities of origin by using non-invasive methods aimed at rebuilding\u0000 their biological profiles (i.e., age-at-death, biological sex and health\u0000 status), adding to these with results from provenance research. This way, the\u0000 human remains were assigned a new identity closer to their original one, through\u0000 a process that we call ‘re-individualisation’. This is especially\u0000 significant since it must be assumed that the individuals were exhumed against\u0000 their cultural belief system. We conclude that building strong and long-lasting\u0000 collaborations between Indigenous representatives and biological anthropologists\u0000 has a pivotal role in research for reappraising Indigenous history.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123614764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The case of Pfc. Charles McAllister","authors":"Jay E. Silverstein","doi":"10.7227/hrv.9.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.9.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"In 2004, the remains of two First World War US soldiers from France were\u0000 delivered to the US Government for identification and burial. One set of remains\u0000 was identified and buried, and the other went into a cold-case status. In 2019,\u0000 the second individual was identified using multiple lines of evidence. The\u0000 possible individuals that could be associated with the remains were reduced\u0000 based on material evidence recovered with the remains and the spatiotemporal\u0000 historical context of the remains. The First World War personnel records then\u0000 offered sufficient biometric criteria to narrow the possible individuals\u0000 associated with the second recovered individual to one person, Pfc. Charles\u0000 McAllister. A family reference DNA sample from a direct matrilineal descendant\u0000 of the individual added statistical weight to the identification, although the\u0000 mtDNA was not a decisive or necessary factor in the identification. Due to\u0000 bureaucratic reasons, the legal identification of Pfc. Charles McAllister is\u0000 still pending.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123664237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernanda Olivares, Constanze Schattke, Hema’ny Molina, M. Berner, Sabine Eggers
{"title":"Re-telling the story of Selk’nam ancestors","authors":"Fernanda Olivares, Constanze Schattke, Hema’ny Molina, M. Berner, Sabine Eggers","doi":"10.7227/hrv.9.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.9.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Museums are places characterised by collecting objects, displaying them for\u0000 public education and also subjecting their collections to research. Yet\u0000 knowledge can not only be created by using the collection for research. The\u0000 history of a collection can also be reconstructed, albeit mostly in a\u0000 fragmentary way. This is important when there is evidence that the collection\u0000 was acquired in a colonial context, when the collection contains human remains\u0000 and more so if these were taken from Indigenous peoples. Reconstructing the\u0000 history of a collection can assist source communities in strengthening their\u0000 identities and help to regain lost knowledge about their ancestors. This study\u0000 analyses the provenance of fourteen crania and calvaria of the Selk’nam\u0000 people from Tierra del Fuego, stored at the Department of Anthropology, Natural\u0000 History Museum Vienna. Additionally, the significance of these results and their\u0000 meaning for today’s Selk’nam community Covadonga Ona will be\u0000 contextualised within the framework of colonial history and museum systems.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121515064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iconographies of death","authors":"G. Plaitano","doi":"10.7227/hrv.9.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.9.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Since the sixteenth century, artistic anatomy – a branch of medical\u0000 science subordinated to the Fine Arts – has understood itself as a\u0000 comparative investigation halfway between forensic dissection and the analysis\u0000 of classical art and live bodies. Its teaching was first instituted in Italy by\u0000 the 1802 curriculum of the national Fine Arts academies, but underwent a drastic\u0000 transformation at the turn of the century, as the rise of photography brought\u0000 about both a new aesthetics of vision and an increase in the precision of\u0000 iconographic documentation. In this article I will attempt to provide a history\u0000 of the teaching of this discipline at the close of the nineteenth century within\u0000 the Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera in Milan, with a focus on its ties to\u0000 contemporary French practices. Drawing on archival materials including lesson\u0000 plans, letters and notes from the classes of the three medical doctors who\u0000 subsequently held the chair (Gaetano Strambio, Alessandro Lanzillotti-Buonsanti\u0000 and Carlo Biaggi), I will argue that the deep connections between their teaching\u0000 of the discipline and their work at the city hospital reveal a hybrid approach,\u0000 with the modern drive towards live-body study unable to wholly supplant the\u0000 central role still granted to corpses in the grammar of the visual arts.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123244835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Denied funeral rituals in pandemic times","authors":"Silvia Romio","doi":"10.7227/hrv.9.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.9.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The extremely high death rates in northern Italy during the 2020 COVID-19\u0000 pandemic called for exceptional rules and suspension of funeral practices and\u0000 burial rites. Additionally, forms of collective burial, typical of a wartime\u0000 scenario, and mechanical methods and timing were reintroduced into the handling\u0000 of corpses. Although several academic studies have highlighted how the absence\u0000 of funeral ceremonies and ‘dignified burials’ has caused prolonged\u0000 and deep suffering for the mourners and for many of the caregivers and health\u0000 workers, few have so far focused on funeral workers. This article focuses on the\u0000 intimate, emotional and ethical experiences of a group of funeral workers in\u0000 northern Italy who handled COVID corpses and had to take the place of the\u0000 mourners at the time of burial. Through an anthropological analysis of their\u0000 oral memories, this work attempts to analyse their expressions of discomfort,\u0000 frustration, fear and suffering.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132184064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Literalised vulnerability","authors":"Z. Dziuban","doi":"10.7227/hrv.8.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.8.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on ongoing contestations around burned human remains\u0000 originating from the Holocaust, their changing meanings and dynamics, and their\u0000 presence/absence in Holocaust-related debates, museums and memorial sites. It\u0000 argues that ashes challenge but also expand the notion of what constitutes human\u0000 remains, rendering them irreducible to merely bones and fleshed bodies, and\u0000 proposes that incinerated remains need to be seen not as a ‘second\u0000 rate’ corporeality of the dead but as a different one, equally important\u0000 to engage with – analytically, ethically and politically. Challenging the\u0000 perception of ashes as unable to carry traces of the personhood of the of the\u0000 dead, and as not capable of yielding evidence, I posit that, regardless of their\u0000 fragile corporality, incinerated human remains should be considered abjectual\u0000 and evidential, as testifying to the violence from which they originated and to\u0000 which they were subjected. Moreover, in this article I consider incinerated\u0000 human remains through the prism of the notion of vulnerability, meant to convey\u0000 their susceptibility to violence – violence through misuse, destruction,\u0000 objectification, instrumentalisation and/or museum display. I argue that the\u0000 consequences of the constantly negotiated status of ashes as a ‘second\u0000 rate’ corporeality of human remains include their very presence in museum\u0000 exhibitions – where they, as human remains, do not necessarily\u0000 belong.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131360633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Representing the pain of others","authors":"Steven Lubar","doi":"10.7227/hrv.8.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.8.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes some of the techniques museums use to represent the\u0000 suffering body in exhibitions. Some display human remains, but much more common,\u0000 especially in Western museums, are stand-ins for the body. Manikins take many\u0000 forms, including the wax museum’s hyperrealistic representations, the\u0000 history museum’s neutral grey figures and the expressionistic figures\u0000 that represent enslaved people in many recent exhibits. Symbolic objects or\u0000 artefacts from the lives of victims can serve as counterweights to telling the\u0000 story of their deaths. Photographs can show horror and the machinery of death,\u0000 focus attention on individual lives or recreate communities. The absence of the\u0000 body can call attention to its suffering. All of these techniques can be useful\u0000 for museums trying to display and teach traumatic histories, but must be used\u0000 with care and caution.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133895097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human remains within an Apache knowledge ecology","authors":"Bridget Conley, Vernelda Grant","doi":"10.7227/hrv.8.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.8.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"This edited transcript of conversations between an Apache cultural heritage\u0000 professional, Vernelda Grant, and researcher Bridget Conley explores the\u0000 knowledge that should guide the repatriation of human remains in the colonial\u0000 context of repatriating Apache sacred, cultural and patrimonial items –\u0000 including human remains – from museum collections in the United States.\u0000 Grant provides a historical overview of the how Apache elders first grappled\u0000 with this problem, following the passage of the Native American Graves\u0000 Protection and Repatriation Act (1990) in the US Congress. She explains how and\u0000 why community leaders made decisions about what items they would prioritise for\u0000 repatriation. Central to her discussion is an Apache knowledge ecology grounded\u0000 in recognition that the meaning of discrete items cannot be divorced from the\u0000 larger religious and cultural context from which they come.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121889902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From sacred body to waste","authors":"Anaelle Lahaeye","doi":"10.7227/hrv.8.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.8.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"There are many factors at work in the iconography of human remains. Some of those\u0000 frequently discussed are aesthetic criteria, iconographic traditions and\u0000 specific contingencies, whether political (for example in war paintings),\u0000 symbolic (essential for transi images) or cultural. There is, however, one\u0000 factor that is rarely mentioned, despite its centrality: the regime of value\u0000 associated with corpses. Christ’s body is not painted in the same way as\u0000 that of a departed relative or that used in a human dissection. Artists choose a\u0000 suitable iconography depending on how the remains are perceived. This criterion\u0000 became absolutely crucial in contexts such as nineteenth-century France, when\u0000 attitudes to corpses underwent major changes.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122685392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Last place","authors":"D. O'donoghue","doi":"10.7227/hrv.8.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.8.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Both historical and contemporary records of mass contagion provide occasions for\u0000 visibility to persons who otherwise remain little recognised and even less\u0000 studied: those who bury the dead. While global reports attest to self-advocacy\u0000 among cemetery workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic, the psychological\u0000 complexities of their labour go virtually unseen. Findings on the experiences of\u0000 those doing such work reveal a striking contrast. While societal disavowal often\u0000 renders their task as abject and forgettable, those who inter the remains\u0000 frequently report affective connections to the dead that powerfully, and\u0000 poignantly, undermine this erasure. Acknowledging such empathic relationality\u0000 allows us to look at this profession in areas where it has never been\u0000 considered, such as psychoanalytic work on ‘mentalisation’ or in\u0000 contemporary ethics. The article concludes with an example from the accounts of\u0000 those who have buried the dead in the massed graves on New York’s Hart\u0000 Island.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131734039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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