{"title":"‘I am here and I am here to stay’: the death and burial of soldiers with cholera during the Crimean War (1854–56)","authors":"B. Pouget","doi":"10.7227/hrv.5.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.5.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a study of intersecting French archives (those of the Val de\u0000 Grâce Hospital, the Service Historique de la Défense and the\u0000 Archives Diplomatiques), and with the support of numerous printed sources, this\u0000 article focuses on the handling of the bodies of French soldiers who died of\u0000 cholera during the Crimean War (1854–56). As a continuation of studies\u0000 done by historians Luc Capdevila and Danièle Voldman, the aim here is to\u0000 consider how the diseased corpses of these soldiers reveal both the causes and\u0000 circumstances of their deaths. Beyond the epidemiological context, these dead\u0000 bodies shed light on the sanitary conditions and suffering resulting from years\u0000 of military campaigns. To conclude, the article analyses the material traces\u0000 left by these dead and the way that the Second Empire used them politically,\u0000 giving the remains of leaders who died on the front lines of the cholera\u0000 epidemic a triumphant return to the country and a state funeral.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133031482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bodies in the tip","authors":"Mariano Perelman","doi":"10.7227/hrv.5.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.5.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The appearance of corpses in rubbish tips is not a recent phenomenon. In Argentina, tips have served not only as sites for the disposal of bodies but also as murder scenes. Many of these other bodies found in such places belong to individuals who have suffered violent deaths, which go on to become public issues, or else are ‘politicised deaths’. Focusing on two cases that have received differing degrees of social, political and media attention – Diego Duarte, a 15-year-old boy from a poor background who went waste-picking on an open dump and never came back, and Ángeles Rawson, a girl of 16 murdered in the middle-class neighbourhood of Colegiales, whose body was found in the same tip – this article deals with the social meanings of bodies that appear in landfills. In each case, there followed a series of events that placed a certain construction on the death – and, more importantly, the life – of the victim. Corpses, once recognised, become people, and through this process they are given new life. It is my contention that bodies in rubbish tips express – and configure – not only the limits of the social but also, in some cases, the limits of the human itself.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129518179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discarding used organic samples in a forensic lab","authors":"C. Fonseca, R. G. Garrido","doi":"10.7227/hrv.5.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.5.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we explore the relational materiality of fragments of human\u0000 cadavers used to produce DNA profiles of the unidentified dead at a forensic\u0000 genetics police laboratory in Rio de Janeiro. Our point of departure is an\u0000 apparently simple problem: how to discard already tested materials in order to\u0000 open up physical space for incoming tissue samples. However, during our study we\u0000 found that transforming human tissues and bone fragments into disposable trash\u0000 requires a tremendous institutional investment of energy, involving negotiations\u0000 with public health authorities, criminal courts and public burial grounds. The\u0000 dilemma confronted by the forensic genetic lab suggests not only how some\u0000 fragments are endowed with more personhood than others, but also how the very\u0000 distinction between human remains and trash depends on a patchwork of multiple\u0000 logics that does not necessarily perform according to well-established or\u0000 predictable scripts.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125757851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pieces of people in the Pavlovian","authors":"E. Trinkaus, Sandra Sázelová, J. Svoboda","doi":"10.7227/hrv.5.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.5.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The rich earlier Mid Upper Palaeolithic (Pavlovian) sites of Dolní\u0000 Vĕstonice I and II and Pavlov I (∼32,000–∼30,000 cal\u0000 BP) in southern Moravia (Czech Republic) have yielded a series of human burials,\u0000 isolated pairs of extremities and isolated bones and teeth. The burials occurred\u0000 within and adjacent to the remains of structures (‘huts’), among\u0000 domestic debris. Two of them were adjacent to mammoth bone dumps, but none of\u0000 them was directly associated with areas of apparent discard (or garbage). The\u0000 isolated pairs and bones/teeth were haphazardly scattered through the occupation\u0000 areas, many of them mixed with the small to medium-sized faunal remains, from\u0000 which many were identified post-excavation. It is therefore difficult to\u0000 establish a pattern of disposal of the human remains with respect to the\u0000 abundant evidence for site structure at these Upper Palaeolithic sites. At the\u0000 same time, each form of human preservation raises questions about the\u0000 differential mortuary behaviours, and hence social dynamics, of these foraging\u0000 populations and how we interpret them through an archaeological lens.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133377561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The clandestine cemetery","authors":"Valentina Zagaria","doi":"10.7227/hrv.5.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.5.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean Sea has recently become the deadliest of borders for\u0000 illegalised travellers. The victims of the European Union’s liquid border\u0000 are also found near North African shores. The question of how and where to bury\u0000 these unknown persons has recently come to the fore in Zarzis, a coastal town in\u0000 south-east Tunisia. Everyone involved in these burials – the coastguards,\u0000 doctors, Red Crescent volunteers, municipality employees – agree that\u0000 what they are doing is ‘wrong’. It is neither dignified nor\u0000 respectful to the dead, as the land used as a cemetery is an old waste dump, and\u0000 customary attitudes towards the dead are difficult to realise. This article will\u0000 first trace how this situation developed, despite the psychological discomfort\u0000 of all those affected. It will then explore how the work of care and dignity\u0000 emerges within this institutional chain, and what this may tell us about what\u0000 constitutes the concept of the human.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"46 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134290555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deposits of bodies in circular pits in the Neolithic period (mid-fifth to the mid-fourth millennium BCE)","authors":"Philippe Lefranc, Fanny Chenal","doi":"10.7227/hrv.5.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7227/hrv.5.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Among the numerous human remains found in circular pits belonging to the fourth\u0000 millennium BCE cultures north of the Alps, there are many examples of bodies\u0000 laid in random (or unconventional) positions. Some of these remains in irregular\u0000 configurations, interred alongside an individual in a conventional flexed\u0000 position, can be considered as a ‘funerary accompaniment’. Other\u0000 burials, of isolated individuals or multiple individuals buried in\u0000 unconventional positions, suggest the existence of burial practices outside of\u0000 the otherwise strict framework of funerary rites. The focus of this article is\u0000 the evidence recently arising from excavation and anthropological studies from\u0000 the Upper Rhine Plain (Michelsberg and Munzingen cultures). We assume that these\u0000 bodies in unconventional positions were not dumped as trash, but that they were\u0000 a part of the final act of a complex ritual. It is hypothesised that these\u0000 bodies, interpreted here as ritual waste, were sacrificial victims, and a number\u0000 of possible explanations, including ‘peripheral accompaniment’ or\u0000 victims of acts of war, are debated.","PeriodicalId":305864,"journal":{"name":"Human Remains and Violence","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126675912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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