Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene最新文献

{"title":"Phylogenetic status of a lung fluke in the Philippines based on mitochondrial genome","authors":"Yukita Sato, M. Iwagami, J. Iwashita, T. Abe, M. Yukawa, B. Blas, K. Kawashima, T. Agatsuma","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.31.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.31.1","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a near-complete mitochondrial DNA sequence, the phylogenetic status of a lung fluke collected in the Philippines was evaluated. The lung fluke from Leyte Island, Philippines, resembles Paragonimus westermani morphologically and is sometimes regarded as a subspecies, P westermani filipinus. In this study, all mitochondrial genes of the Leyte form were sequenced : 12 subunits of mitochondrial enzymes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 21 transfer RNAs. The gene order is the same as that of the previously-published P. westermani from Korea. All genes are transcribed in the same direction. The sequence from Leyte was 88.8% identical to the previously-published sequence (accession No. AF219379). This is further evidence that the Philippine form should be regarded as specifically distinct from the form in East Asia (China, Japan and Korea). This conclusion is strengthened by the observation that the molluscan host of the Philippine form is of a different family from that of the East Asian form.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126343018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE GREAT NAMES OF HISTORY IN TROPICAL MEDICINE","authors":"Teruyuki Kobayashi","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.31.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.31.19","url":null,"abstract":"In the present talk, many great names of history in Japanese Tropical Medicine were mentioned. They were Drs. Yoshio Sawai, Manabu Sasa, Kanzen Teruya, Hachiro Sato, Yoshito Otsuji and others who worked with tropical medicine-related health problems/diseases such as, snake (Habu) bite, Tsutsugamushi disease, malaria, filariasis, schistosomiasis, paragonimiasis and other infectious or parasitic diseases. About 40 years ago, all these diseases were highly prevalent at country-wide in Japan and they were great public health problems, because of poor sanitary conditions and insufficient political atention. For example, snake (Habu) bite was one of the most serious health problem in subtropical regions of Japan, especially in Okinawa and Amami-Oshima islands. During 13 years from 1959 to 1971, 3,510 snake bite cases were reported from AmamiOshima island; the average fatality rate was 0.8% in the area. Dr. Yoshio Sawai, a microbiologist at the Institute of Medical Science at the University of Tokyo was the person who hardly worked with the Habu bite. In 1952 he was appointed as Associate Professor and chief of the newlyestablished laboratory of biological products at the Institute. Antivenin productions including these for Habu venom was one of the traditional work in the institute. Naturally Dr. Sawai tried to develop more effective and useful Habu toxoid. He frequently visited Naze Health Center, AmamiOshima island and observed there many patients suffered from serious and aggressive Habu bites with severe necrosis at the site of snake bite. He started laboratory investigations to improve the treatment of Habu bite, together with his coworkers at the Institute. Their purified and lyophilized antivenin was favorable to decrease numbers of the severe cases of Habu bites when applied clinically at Amami-Oshima island. However, yearly occurrence of severe clinical cases were still found in the area, in spite of such a Dr. Sawai's untiring efforts. After analyzing many clinical cases of Habu bites, Dr. Sawai reached to the conclusion that there might be a limitation in their serum treatment against the snake bite, because the development of local lesions by the large amount of Habu venom was too rapid for the antivenin treatment to prevent. Then, in 1963, Dr. Sawai re-","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122679273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAL ANGIOSTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS IN PUERTO RICAN AND BRAZILIAN BIOMPHALARIA SNAILS.","authors":"Y. Iwanaga","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.365","url":null,"abstract":"Since the first report of angiostrongylosis cantonensis by Nomura and Lin (1945), Angiostrongylus cantonensis has been recognized as a causative agent of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans in South Asian and Pacific areas (Roux et al., 1987; Purohit et al., 1991; Alibhoy et al., 1999; Cooke-Yarborough et al., 1999; Re and Gluckman, 2001). The diagnosis of the disease is usually based on clinical manifestations and immuno-serological test. Immuno-serological tests require a large amount of antigens. Therefore, it is a paramount importance to establish the life cycle of A. cantonensis in the laboratory. For this purpose, it is necessary to maintain the intermediate hosts in the laboratory. It is well known that various molluscan species can serve as intermediate hosts for A. cantonensis (Lim and Hyneman, 1965; Liat et al., 1965; Hori et al., 1976; Iwanaga et al., 1983). In general, snail species used to establish the life cycle of the parasite in the laboratory is Biomphalaria sp. that is easy to breed them. Although the larval development of A. cantonensis in Biomphalaria glabrata (Yousif and Lammler, 1977), Achatina fulica (Hori and Yamaguchi, 1982) and Ampullarium sp (Uchikawa et al., 1986) has been described, few detailed observations on the location of larvae and susceptibility of the pigmented and albino types of Biomphalaria snails are available. The present paper examines this relationship using laboratory colonies of the pigmented and albino types of Puerto Rican and Brazilian B. glabrata and pigmented B. straminea collected in Brazil. Only adult snails were used. The pigmented and albino types of Puerto Rican strains of B. glabrata were obtained from Puerto Rico via NIH in U.S. A. The Brazilian strains of snails were from the following areas in Brazil: Pigmented B. glabrata from Jaboatao, Pernambuco, albino B. glabrata from Belo Horizonte and pigmented B. straminea from Sao Lourenco da Mata. The snails have been reared in our laboratory by the modified method of Iwanaga and Tsuji (1972). Albino rats, Rattus norvegicus experimentally infected with A. cantonensis","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116651632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal differences in antimalarial activity of hot-water extract of Dichroa febrifuga leaves against Plasmodium yoelii 17XL in ICR mice, with reference to febrifugine and isofebrifugine content","authors":"A. Ishih, K. Fujii, Mikako Sakai, Masami Iiboshi, T. Miyase, M. Terada","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.361","url":null,"abstract":"The antimalarial activity of the hot-water extract of leaves and roots of Dichroa febrifuga was evaluated against Plasmodium yoelii 17XL in ICR mice. Untreated control mice died with a gradual body weight loss and increase of parasitemia by day 9 after infection. The hot-water extract of leaves collected in June showed an antimalarial activity, and furthermore the possible adverse side effect was also observed. All mice given orally the extract of leaves (0.1 g/ml) collected in June died by day 9 without parasite multiplication. The mice given the lower concentration (0.025 g/ml) of the same leaf extract showed low parasitemia levels during administration. Following a transient increase of malaria parasites in the bloodstream, no parasites could be detected by a microscopic examination, and all mice survived during the experiment. On the other hand, the extract of leaves (0.1 g/ml) collected in December showed no activity. The extract of roots (0.1 g/ml) of D. febrifuga collected in December, however, had an antimalarial activity, and three mice out of four survived during the experiment. The leaves collected in June contained about 30 times as much febrifugine and isofebrifugine mixture as those in December.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128607813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum and interleukin-8 production by peripheral blood mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in vitro.","authors":"Julieta Yuri Ohya, H. Matsuoka, N. Mukaida, T. Kasahara, A. Ishii","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.351","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral blood mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells have been demonstrated to kill and inhibit malaria parasite proliferation in vitro, but most of the reports required activation of the cells by cytokines or presence of immune sera or opsonins. In our study, peripheral blood leukocytes from non-immune donor efficiently inhibited Plasmodium falciparum growth, depending on the effecter/target ratio. Moreover, these cells produced a large amount of interlenkin-8 (IL-8) under stimulation with infected erythrocytes or supernatant of the Plasmodium falciparum culture. IL-8 secretion in the culture supernatant of polymorphonuclear cells was noted from 6-9 hr of stimulation with the parasites, with a substantial increase over 24 hours of culture. Attempt to elucidate whether IL-8 was involved in malaria suppression was done, and the result suggested that IL-8 was not directly involved in the anti-malarial activity of the mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells. The other mechanism besides IL-8 may work for inhibiting parasite growth in the culture system of malaria parasites associated with leukocytes.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124001120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN IMPORTED JAPANESE CASE OF CYCLOSPORIASIS","authors":"K. Ohnishi, Y. Kato, M. Iseki","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.357","url":null,"abstract":"A stool examination revealed oocysts of Cyclospora cayetanensis in a 54-year-old Japanese man who had recently returned from the Phillipines. He suffered from watery diarrhea for about two weeks prior to visiting our hospital. An oral dose of 1, 600 mg sulfamethoxazole and 320 mg trimethoprim was administered daily for nine days, and his diarrhea had disappeared by the fifth day of medication. Most Japanese physicians and laboratory technicians are unfamiliar with this protozoan disease, and need to be reminded of its existence when they encounter patients with diarrhea who have recently returned from a cyclosporiasis endemic area.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125070320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN ENDEMIC HUMAN INFECTION WITH HETEROPHYES NOCENS ONJI ET NISHIO 1916 AT MIKKABI-CHO, SHIZUOKA, JAPAN","authors":"H. Kino, H. Oishi, Y. Ohno, M. Ishiguro","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.301","url":null,"abstract":"Human Heterophyes nocens infection was confirmed in 2 areas of Mikkabi-cho, Shizuoka Prefecture where high prevalence of Metagonimus yokogawai infection had been reported. The total prevalence showed 9.6% by stool examination. Among the patients, the older age's males predominated, and the infection within the same family was often observed. Adult worms were collected from stool samples of the patients after treatment with praziquantel. The worms were identified as H. nocens with morphological characteristics. The average size of eggs (27.8×16.1 μm) appeared in stools of the patients was slightly larger than that reported earlier, and rather equivalent to eggs of M. yokogawai. Questionnaire study revealed a correlation of a habit of eating raw fish, mullet in particular, and the trematode infection in Hamana Lake.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114066080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN CHILDREN IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL","authors":"Masashi Kobayashi, E. Malagueño, J. V. Santana, E. P. Perez, A. Yano","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.305","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a survey of the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in children living in Jaboatao dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brazil from 1998 to 1999. This city is situated adjacent to Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. We determined the prevalence of specific anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in 196 individuals from 2 to 16 years of age. Individuals who were IgG antibody negative also underwent specific anti-T. gondii IgM testing to detect recent infection with the parasite. Seroprevalence was 79.1%, and high titers of IgG antibody were observed in 49% of positive subjects. The prevalens of antibodies to T. gondii increased with age, with a multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.709; however, there was no significant difference in antibody status by sex. Out of 47 children who did not have specific anti-T. gondii IgG antibody, 4 were determined by specific anti-T. gondii IgM antibody analysis to have been recently infected. Stool was examined for soil-transmitted helminth eggs to assess the frequency of soil contact in the entire study population. Stool examination in the population revealed that soil-transmitted helminthiases was highly endemic, with an infection rate of 85.2%in this area. These results suggest that the primary mode of T. gondii transmission to humans is through contact with soil.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125835923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A field evaluation study on the effects of residual spray of Bifenthrin and Deltamethrin on Anopheles minimus population in Mae Hong Son Province, northern Thailand.","authors":"S. Prajakwong, W. Suwonkerd, S. Chawprom, T. Banchongaksorn, Y. Tsuda, M. Takagi","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.289","url":null,"abstract":"A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of indoor residual house spraying of Bifenthrin and Deltamethrin on malaria vector population of Anopheles minimus s.l., from April 1999 to April 2001 at rural vil- lages in Mae Hong Son province, northern Thailand. Nine villages in Mae Hong Son province were selected for the present study (three villages for control and three villages each for insecticide spray). The residual spray of Bifen- thrin (25 mg/m 2 ) showed greater adulticiding effects on An. minimus s.l. population than Deltamethrin (20 mg/m 2 ). In Bifenthrin treated villages, a clear decrease in biting density of An. minimus s. l. was found in human bait col- lection as well as animal bait collection after the insecticide spray. In all of the three villages, the average density after insecticide spray was significantly lower than that observed before the spray. The effects of Deltamethrin on An. minimus s. l. density was found only in one village out of the three treated villages. A significant decrease in parous rate after insecticide spray was found in all the villages sprayed with Bifenthrin, whereas no significant changes were observed in control villages. The average parous rate in the villages treated with Deltamethrin be- came significantly higher after the insecticide spray. These results clearly suggested that the residual spray of Bifenthrin (25 mg/m 2 ) was more effective than Deltamethrin (20 mg/m 2 ).","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129291076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INTENSITY OF MALARIA OUTBREAK IN ZIMBABWE","authors":"K. Moji, R. Tsuyuoka, B. Makunike, Hiroshi Tanaka","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.30.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.30.283","url":null,"abstract":"Correlation between meteorological data observed at Gokwe and intensity of malaria outbreak or the number of clinical malaria cases occurring at malaria season in whole Zimbabwe was studied. Meteorological year (Met Year) in this country starts in July at the coldest month and ends in the next June, and malaria peak season lasts from January to May. The correlation of the number of clinical malaria cases at peak season in thousand (Mp) and meteorological factors was calculated from the data in 8 years from Met Year 1990/1991 to 1997/1998. Among single factors, correlation was highest with a total rainfall (mm) in a year (Rt) followed by that in Janu- ary (R1), in February (R2) and average temperature in August (Av8), showing the coefficients of 0.873, 0.870, 0.862 and 0.739, respectively. The adjusted R 2 of the above factors were 0.722, 0.717, 0.700 and 0.470, respec- tively, where Av8 was non significant statistically. In two meteorological factors, the correlations higher than a sin- gle factor were a combination of R1+R2 with an adjusted R 2 of 0.792. Malaria at peak season will be increased by more rainfall in January, February and total in a year, and may be high average temperature in August. Formulae of regression lines are as follow, and by these, intensity of malaria outbreak at malaria season will be indicated. 1. Mp = 361.30×Av8 - 6,182.96 (approximation)","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128298016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}