Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie最新文献

{"title":"An integrated approach to the assessment of construction life cycles using software packages at the design stage","authors":"Aksin’ya V. Kalinina, M. Petrochenko","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article focuses on the relevance of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, used to quantify the environmental impact of a construction project at the design stage. LCA must be addressed in the process of designing buildings that will apply for green building certificates. The use of LCA software is an essential factor for obtaining LCA scores required for the majority of green building certificates. Materials and methods. The authors take advantage of various software packages, that make calculations and assess carbon emissions at each project stage. One of the software packages used by the authors is One Click LCA (2015). Results. The results of carbon emission calculations, made using One Click LCA (2015), are presented graphically in the form of carbon emission charts broken down by the life cycle stages (LCS); structural elements presented as comparative charts depending on different characteristics. The software allows assigning categories to buildings depending on their carbon emissions and impact parameters such as the Global warming potential (GWP), the Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), the Acidification Potential (AP), the Eutrophication Potential (EP), depletion of non-renewable energy sources, etc. Conclusions. Software packages, used to assess life cycles of buildings, accelerate the calculation of carbon emissions, which can, in turn, streamline the selection of optimal engineering solutions for construction projects and minimize environmental impacts of buildings. It’s been found that accurate LCA calculations require comprehensive information about construction projects, including data on construction materials, energy and water consumption, as well as construction site operations. In the context of Russia, calculations are more problematic, since most manufacturers do not have construction materials databases, that contain information on carbon emissions. If manufacturers invest in the issuance of environmental product declarations (EPD), calculations of carbon emissions will be trustworthy.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83068325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evaluation of the resident demand for underground railways within walking distance of stations","authors":"D. E. Ushakov, D. Karelin","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Presently, the evaluation of underground railways in regional cities of Russia enjoys little attention in the research literature. We have assessed the relationship between passenger flows of underground railways in regional Russian cities and the number of residents within walking distance of the stations. This will allow understanding the potential development of underground railways and the future uses of existing networks towards a sustainable urban environment convenient for each resident. Materials and methods. The evaluation of the relationship was conducted retrospectively using the regression analysis method. The annual passenger flow of underground railways was chosen as a dependent variable, as it is less affected by random factors, compared to average daily variables. The living space of buildings within walking distance of underground railway stations was taken as an independent variable. Major social factors that may influence passenger flows were also taken into account. Results. For the period from the opening of the underground railway to the present day, the relationship between living spaces within walking distance of underground railway stations and passenger flows was identified for Ekaterinburg and Kazan. From 2005 to 2019, the relationship has been tracked for Novosibirsk with account taken of the effect of the benefit monetization reform and restrictive measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This dependence has not been identified for Samara and Nizhny Novgorod. The radii of walking distances from the stations, having the greatest impact on the passenger traffic, were identified for several cities. Conclusions. The residential function is not a universal factor determining passenger flows of underground railways in regional Russian cities. Social factors, affecting large segments of the population, such as monetization reforms, have a substantial effect. Further research is planned to evaluate other factors that influence passenger flows of underground railways in Samara and Nizhny Novgorod.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85070313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similarity criteria of an autonomous pumping system and their impact on energy efficiency indicators","authors":"N. Ahmedova, V. Naumov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The authors have formulated a system of equations to describe the liquid flowing in a self-contained pumping system (SPS) that has a centrifugal pump (CP). To solve the problem, it is necessary to take into account a change in static pressure, features of the hydraulic resistance of pipes, and the influence of temperature. The authors have shown that the flow under study has two similarity criteria in the case of a certain characteristic flow rate. The authors have also assessed their influence on the energy efficiency values of a basic hydraulic circuit. Materials and methods. The authors make a hydraulic analysis of an SPS that has pump 1K 50-32-125, whose characteristics are presented in the technical specification. A mathematical model, based on the Bernoulli equation for an unsteady flow, was developed to solve the problem. Results. The authors solve the non-steady problem of pumping liquid through the central heating system into the SPS if the liquid level is variable in the self-similar (quadratic) resistance range. For the case when Str = 0 and Str is the analogue of the Strouhal number, the authors find the analytical expression of pumping time for the pre-set amount of liquid and the value of criterion Θ (a dimensionless complex value linking the difference between the head in the central heating system and the initial static head in the event of zero supply, the steepness of the pressure characteristic and the hydraulic resistance of the circuit). The results of the hydraulic analysis of SPS that has pump 1K 50-32-125 and different pipeline diameters, technical parameters characteristic of self-contained water supply and sanitation systems are presented. Power consumption value E is identified for water pumping. This value is used to assess the energy efficiency of water supply and sewerage systems. Conclusions. The authors have found that the values of the similarity criterion Θ increase together with the pipeline diameter, while efficiency decreases and the energy consumption value improves. Under the conditions under consideration, it is advisable to focus on a change in the value of E rather than efficiency, when energy efficiency is assessed in the process of selecting equipment.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81073501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of student injuries during the study at higher education institutions and the work in student construction teams","authors":"Sergej V. Evtushenko, V. A. Lepikhova, Nadezda V. Lyashenko, N. N. Chibinev","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article addresses one of the most important student problems: accidents and injuries both during the period of study at higher education institutions and in the course of the work in student construction teams (SCB). A comparison was made between the social guarantees provided to students and the military personnel. The authors have found that there is no reliable statistical data on accidents and traumatism among students. The correlation between student attendance, successful learning, accident and traumatism prevention was analyzed. Causes of accidents in the course of construction activities are provided. The purpose of the article is to arouse a dispute, which may lead to the comprehensive solution to the problem of the social security of students during the period of their study at higher education institutions and work in student construction teams. Materials and methods. This problem was addressed from the standpoint of the social security of students and the safety of their personal data. The general statistics of accidents and injuries among young people during their study and work in student construction teams is provided. Continuous and sampling research methods were used to select statistical data in the process of solving this problem. Results. The article addresses the problem of investigation, registration and accounting of accidents that happened to students during their stay in organizations carrying out educational activities and in student construction teams. The authors suggest an empirical formula that has an additional coefficient for assessing the student performance. The formula takes account of the student attendance score and allows to make recommendations for improving preventive activities in the field of occupational safety of employment with student construction teams. Conclusions. The authors identified the problem of implementing prevention programmes focused on the reduction of morbidity and injuries among students. This problem deals with poor communications between the university schools, leaders of student construction teams, and occupational safety departments. The authors make recommendations on enhancing occupational safety activities are made.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81359611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A generalized model of a building system: a critical analysis","authors":"G.B. Safaryan","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The established modeling paradigm of a building system as a branch of economy considers individual building processes or groups of interconnected processes, ignoring any previous or subsequent processes or those processes and transactors that are indirectly related to the building system. A critical analysis of a generalized model of the construction system has been performed. The subject of the study is a detailed examination of the construction process. This project takes account of the influence of related, earlier and upcoming stages of the construction process. The research is focused on reducing the number of cost overruns, unmet deadlines in terms of facilities and particular processes, as well as improving the overall organizational and technological reliability of the entire construction system. The purpose of the study is to propose a more progressive and comprehensive vision of the construction system as a branch of economy, the system that takes account of all stakeholders. Materials and methods. The review of studies on this topic was made; current restrictions were identified. The author has found that the most widely spread approach focuses on individual processes or a group of related processes. Results. The author has found that an objective assessment of the influence of previous processes on subsequent ones, an evaluation of the reliability of the whole system, and a correct identification of risks at early stages are unavailable. Further in-depth research using methods of mathematical statistics is needed to provide an objective solution to global engineering problems in the construction industry, which will allow to reduce deviations in the cost and duration of the implementation of facilities and individual processes. Conclusions. To date, a sufficiently comprehensive approach to the analysis of risks/failures in construction systems as a whole has not been presented. The need for a deeper vision of a complex building model that identifies risk factors and chain links has been identified. The use of techniques tested by the author is proposed as a mathematical tool.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73177438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The state of the testing software designated for information models of construction projects and prospects for their application","authors":"E. V. Makisha, Kirill A. Mochkin","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The problem of automated testing in the process of designing construction facilities has been solved at the international level for more than 40 years. Earlier articles had overviews of design verification systems, presented in the form of information models (IM) of construction projects. However, over the last few years the process of digitalization of the construction industry has become more intense, and new countries, including Russia, have been more actively involved in it. Hence, new methodological approaches to individual stages of verification, programmes and systems, not described in earlier reviews, have appeared. At the same time, many previously developed systems have been modified or, conversely, have ceased to exist. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the current state of IM verification systems for construction projects, taking into account the changes that have taken place over the last few years, and to determine the prospects for their further development. Materials and methods. To determine the current state of systems for testing the IM of construction facilities, the co-authors selected and analyzed the foreign and Russian literature and information sources in the field of testing the IM of construction facilities. The results of earlier reviews were also taken as the benchmark. Results. The co-authors made a list of currently used replicable commercial solutions for information model testing, which are classified according to their designation and a per-country list of information model testing systems, with the status identified for each system. The co-authors identified the development areas in respect of verifying international models of construction projects of international scale. Development areas in the field of verification of informational models of construction facilities at the Russian Federation level were also outlined. Conclusions. Presently, there is still a problem of converting regulatory requirements into the machine-readable format to ensure their compliance with Russian and international standards. Therefore, the main direction for the further development is the study the potential of artificial intelligence in the processing of regulatory requirements written in a natural language. Nevertheless, the application of neural networks requires the availability of data for training, which suggests the need for a certain amount of manually marked regulatory documents in advance.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90311761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reengineering of territories: structure and composition, organizational patterns and resource provision","authors":"Sergej B. Sborshchikov, P. Zhuravlev","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Scientific and technological progress, changes in consumer demand and production capabilities of the construction industry, nature and climate change, sanitary, environmental and geological changes make implemented area development (planning) solutions obsolete. Renewal, qualitative reconstruction and transformation of territories resolve contradictions between consumer needs and characteristics of urban planning solutions. The reengineering of areas (sites) is an effective response to the community demand for a comfortable and safe environment (territory) for living activities. Processes of transformation and reorganization of territories encompass various reengineering methods. Materials and methods. The subject of this research is the reengineering of areas. The authors present its organizational pattern, encompassing renovation and reclamation. They have identified and described the reengineering events, that may result in a number of land site transformations. The criteria that characterize the organization of actions towards the reengineering of areas are described. Research methods include structural and functional analysis. Results. The authors have found that the reengineering of areas deals with the choice of a management pattern (for exa­mple, a general contractor agreement, an engineering services provision agreement, or a consolidated solution). It is observed that the action/workflow management methods and patterns determine the breakdown of participants by the stages and types of reengineering works. An assessment of business and production processes is provided subject to the management patterns applied to the reengineering of areas. Conclusions. A limited choice of organizational patterns is applicable to the reengineering of areas due to the limited choice of activities. It is emphasized that the number of organizational patterns designated for the reengineering of built-up areas will be larger due to their modifications associated with a particular set of participants acting within the framework of event/workflow management methods (a general contractor or an engineering services provider). The conclusion is that in the future organizational patterns, applicable to reengineering, will determine the distribution of functions and provision of resources.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75474188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floating hotels in the structure of riverside cities","authors":"A. Klochko, A. Klochko","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The river is the most important strategic city-forming resource, a historical factor of life support, economic development, trade, and tourism. The role of the backbone elements that form urban ensembles is always assigned to the areas along river banks. Hence, inefficiently used urban riverside territories are always conspicuous and disharmonious. Hotels on urban embankments is a stable trend that can increase the tourist attractiveness of cities, and therefore it requires a systematic and professional study. Materials and methods. The analysis and synthesis, based on foreign and domestic research and literary sources and design materials, prove that over the past decades, areas along river banks have been actively involved in the life of cities. In many cities complex, systemic programmes for the reconstruction of river bank areas are being developed. Results. The research results are presented in the form of an analysis of the world experience and relevant issues of the formation of public zones on embankments. The conditions for the construction of architectural facilities along river banks must be determined by the concept of transforming the embankment and the general principles of urban development. Trends in the arrangement of riverside areas and their general architectural principles are identified. The features and the international experience of the architectural design of floating hotels, the conditions for the interaction between water spaces and the structure of these hotels are also considered. Conclusions. The huge image potential of embankments is a significant factor for the tourist attractiveness of these areas. The insufficient legislative support of such facilities has been identified; the legislation, governing the operation of hotels, is to be revised to conform to the present-day reality.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77075434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Russian environmental certification systems development","authors":"R. Nazirov, Anastasia G. Andyuseva, Maria D. Filonenko","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. All over the world building rating systems (certification systems) are being intensively developed as a solution to problems of modern cities focused on enhancing the quality of life in the population. Certification systems are an effective modern tool used not only to assess buildings, but also to achieve sustainable development goals in the construction industry.­ Materials and methods. The paper reviews several international certification systems, including BREEAM, LEED, DGNB, and Green Globes. The authors describe certification procedures, evaluation categories, areas of standards application and certification in Russia. The article provides a detailed review of the following Russian certification systems and the process of their development: “Green Standard”, SDOS “NOSTROI”, GREEN ZOOM, SDS “RUSO”. Their evaluation categories and basic provisions are provided. Results. The authors have conducted a comparative analysis of the Russian certification systems with account taken of environmental, economic, and social aspects of sustainable development. Russian standards are compared with the international ones and their interconnection is established. Conclusions. In Russia, sustainable development assessment systems have been developed and used since 2010. They focus on environmental and social aspects of sustainability.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75632824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and experimental studies of steel-reinforced concrete structures that have bent steel sections","authors":"Tatiana I. Akhramochkina","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2021.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The main problem of the behaviour of composite structures is the method of combining materials that have different qualitative characteristics. In the case of collaboration of concrete and steel, the load-bearing capacity of the structure increases, while the consumption of materials decreases. Thanks to these advantages, the use of steel-reinforced concrete floor slabs is more and more popular. A theoretical study has made it possible to assess the load-bearing capacity of a floor slab. Materials and methods. A theoretical analysis of the bearing capacity of a composite floor slab is proposed. Four samples, that consisted of a galvanized steel plate embedded in a concrete parallelepiped, were used to conduct experimental studies. Rectangular plates had different types of surface: smooth, perforated with holes, with stamped “pins”, and with bolted connecting elements. Results. The analysis of the bearing capacity of a steel-reinforced concrete floor slab, that has bent profiles, was performed. The deformation dependences of the experimental samples were obtained; the graphs describing the dependence of displacement on the load for the four types of surfaces are made; the values of the load at which samples fail, and the dependence of the breaking load on the structure of the embedded part of the plate are identified. Conclusions. The analysis of the bearing capacity of a steel-reinforced concrete floor slab, that has bent steel sections, has shown that the use of light steel thin-walled beams is possible if spans correspond to residential and public buildings. The results of the experiment allow to conclude that the collaboration of concrete and a steel beam is possible without any additional elements in the composite structures that have bent sections. Adhesive properties of materials and the stamped part of the section can take the shear forces arising in structures.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86694442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}