Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie最新文献

{"title":"Management of urban public green spaces","authors":"O. D’yachkova, A. E. Mikhailov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2023.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2023.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. People want effective management and balanced development of urbanised systems. In a comprehensive social, economic and environmental research of human living conditions in the city, various kinds of sociological surveys of the population are applied and foresight sessions are held with subject matter experts to analyse the existing level of safety and comfort of residence. However, in the context of growing urbanized systems, there is an acute shortage of new methods, ways and tools of knowing them for the purpose of effective management and balanced development. Materials and methods. The article presents aspects of the methodology for extracting and structuring knowledge of urban public green spaces in cities. The work is based on the paradigms of ontological engineering and knowledge management. Results. Ontological engineering as a theory and methodology for developing ontologies is actively developing. However, the main success lies in the field of knowledge formalization technology, while the methodology for extracting and structuring knowledge is still under development. The problem of meaningful analysis of the subject area remains open, the relevance of research of which is confirmed by sustainable development goal 11, target 11.7: “by 2030 provide universal access to safe, available and inclusive green spaces and public spaces, especially for women amd children, older and disabled people”. The article describes the process of developing a taxonomy of expert knowledge about urban public green spaces in city. The taxonomy includes classes, subclasses, properties for subclasses and options for properties. Conclusions. The results of the conceptualisation of knowledge of the subject can be used as elements in the construction of the knowledge graph framework. With appropriate refinement, the taxonomy can be in demand for scientific research, design of innovative services and intelligent systems used in urban planning and urban economy.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89799810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological solutions for excavation works in the process of implementation of the “top-down” approach","authors":"V. Ermakov, Ekaterina I. Belova","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Underground space development in the course of infill construction in confined spaces of megalopolises is a promising development trend in construction. To save the workspace, the “top-down” approach can be used. In this case, a substantial portion of the underground work consists in the soil development and loosening under the protection of beams, which is relevant for frozen soils in Central Russia. The analysis of regulatory documents and the studies, conducted in this area, has proven that there are no methodological recommendations on the arrangement of soil excavation in confined spaces. The purpose of the study is to analyze and systematize current methods of soil development and loosening and to evaluate their applicability in confined spaces. Materials and methods. The authors consider widely used excavation techniques (mechanical, hydro-mechanical, and explosive ones) and less widely spread soil development methods (electric pulse and thermal ones). The expediency of excavation mini-technologies, designed for works in confined spaces, is emphasized. Attachable hydraulic and electromagnetic machinery, used to loosen soils, is analyzed. The analysis of these methods shows their strengths and weaknesses, as well as the applicability of the “top-down” technique. Results. Combinations of machines designated for soil excavation and loosening within the framework of the “top-down” technique are made to further estimate the engineering and economic performance and their comparative analysis. The authors propose combinations of excavating machines that represent lightweight or mini-items having mounted soil loosening and excavation mini-machines. Conclusions. The practical value of the study consists in the analysis of available methods of soil excavation and loosening and the assessment of their applicability to the confined conditions of construction of substructures of buildings using the top-down technology, which is relevant for Central Russia. The authors made combinations of machines whose operation is mostly based on mechanical methods. The authors suggest considering the use of mini-machines and attachments.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73528858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban planning risks of losing cultural heritage","authors":"E. Scherbina, Ali Salmo","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Cultural heritage: monuments, ensembles, buildings and structures, archaeological sites define the urban identity of a settlement, reflect the historical development path of the people and are one of the main priorities in urban development. Urban risks are considered as the possibility of something happening that has a negative impact on the sites, as well as any possible loss that affects the value of cultural heritage, which can be divided into several categories. Materials and methods. From the point of view of the Sets Theory, the description of changes in the totality of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, occurring as a result of natural and anthropogenic factors, which allows to determine the main risks of its loss, has been proposed. The suggested mathematical model serves as the basis for the development of information tools for identification, assessment and consideration of historical and cultural heritage in urban planning. Results. Based on a retrospective analysis of the historical development of Homs, a classification of cultural heritage sites has been proposed, and a diagram of the transformation of the collectivity of objects of tangible and intangible cultural heritage as a result of natural and human factors of the risk of their loss has been created. Conclusions. It was found that the highest risks of loss of immovable objects of cultural heritage include natural catastro­phic processes and phenomena (earthquakes), and military conflicts. As a result of which, in particular in the city of Homs, a new local architectural style “Homsi” was formed to replace the Byzantine culture.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90178101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal design of a large-span arched structure","authors":"O. Tusnina, Mikhail V. Postarnak","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Large-span structures are designed as entertainment and mass-use buildings, sports facilities, etc. A steel arched structure can be used as a covering for large-span structures. The issue of the rational design of large-span steel arches, as well as the proper choice of the structural design and the analysis of its bearing capacity is relevant. Materials and methods. The covering of a tennis sports facility with the span of 108 m, that represents a double-hinged steel arch without tightening, arches with prestressed tightening and several lattice options are considered. The cross-section of structural elements was selected; the effect of prestressing on forces and displacements in the arch, as well as the amount of metal per structure were analyzed. The general stability of these arched structures was analyzed. Calculations were performed in the geometrically nonlinear formulation using the LIRA-SAPR software package. Results. It is determined that the weight of the arch, including the tightening and the lattice is smaller than the weight of the arch without the tightening. The amount of metal, used to make columns, can be reduced to simplify structural units due to the absence of gusset transfer from the arch with tightening to columns. The required prestressing value is set for the tightening to ensure the required rigidity of the arch. Several methods were used to determine the critical load at which the arch loses its stability in its plane: the analytical method, geometrically nonlinear calculation results, and the Stability mode implemented in LIRA-SAPR software package were employed. The critical load turned out to be higher for the arch with tightening. Conclusions. Following the above computations, a decision was made to use a double-hinged arch with prestressed tightening and a lattice as the covering of the sports facility. The values of the critical load that triggers the arch stability loss, obtained using the geometrical nonlinear finite-element analysis and the Stability mode, were quite close. Application of the analytical method resulted in an overestimated value of the critical load, which prevents it from being recommended for use.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75139673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-based city zoning with regard for the wind conditions of the city of Novorossiysk","authors":"Oksana Sokolskaya, V. Karanova","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Local nature, the climate, the sea, and the mountainous terrain influence the development of the built-up environment in Novorossiysk. These factors make a large contribution to the microclimate index of the urban atmosphere, and they must be taken account in the course of urban planning and architectural designing. Materials and methods. Advanced weather models, used in applied meteorology, such as ICON, GFS and GEM, which take into account the climatic features of the Black Sea coast, and unique whole-year wind patterns, typical for the area, were used in this scientific research. Results. The authors suggested introducing climate-based city zoning into the urban planning practice of Novorossiysk. In particular, the residential area on the west coast of the Tsemesskaya Bay along the Black Sea coast can be divided into the two main parts: the development area, whose mission is to protect urban spaces from strong winds, reaching high velocities in the winter season, and the development zone that triggers moderate breezes in the warm season. Principal urban planning and architectural design recommendations were developed for both territories. Conclusions. Climate-based city zoning, if introduced into practical urban planning, will substantially improve the microclimate indices of development areas in the summer time by facilitating favourable breezes and limiting access for extremely cold winds, blowing from the north-east in winter, if the architectural, structural and space planning recommendations are implemented.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83883014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally modified peat additive for cement systems made using raw materials from the Kaliningrad region","authors":"M. Dmitrieva, Veniamin V. Kogay, V. Leitsin, Alina D. Panfilova, A. Puzatova, S. Sokolnikova","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The purpose of this work is to study the thermally modified peat additive, the use of which is scientifically justified in the works of professor N.O. Kopanitsa and her colleagues. This additive is extracted from the raw materials from the Kaliningrad region, and the authors focus on its effect on the consistency, moisture-retaining capacity of the mix, and the strength characteristics of fine-grained concrete. Materials and methods. The additive was made from lowland peat extracted from the Glushkovo quarry in the Kaliningrad region. Raw materials were subjected to thermal treatment with limited access of oxygen. Results. The authors have proven an increase in the consistency and water-retaining capacity of mixes that have 4 and 8 % additive. On the 21 day, an 9 % increase in the flexural strength of concrete specimens with the 4 and 8 % additive was registered in comparison with the benchmark specimen (5.5 MPa for the benchmark mix and 6 MPa for the 4 and 8 % additive); an increase in compression strength reached 23 % when the 8 % additive was used (40.7 and 50.2 MPa for the benchmark mix and the one that contains the 8 % additive, respectively). Conclusions. The presented results of the research show a strong potential for the improvement of physical-mechanical properties of concretes by using thermally modified peat additives made from the local raw materials extracted in the Kali­ningrad region.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87619939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of MIKE-NAM model for runoff modeling using artificial intelligence","authors":"A. Slieman, D. Kozlov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The ability of runoff modeling is an essential step in the hydrologic modeling process and therefore water ba­lance studies, therefore, this study aims to verify the ability and reliability of the MIKE 11NAM program in modeling runoff, in the upper basin of Orontes River in Syria, with the use of artificial intelligence models to fill the gaps in runoff time series. Materials and methods. In this study, models of artificial neural networks and fuzzy inference models were used and they were compared with each other to determine the best model in order to fill the gaps in the surface runoff data at Al-Jawadiyah and Al-Amiri stations. Then the results were used in the modeling process using the MIKE 11 NAM program. Results. The results showed a high reliability of artificial intelligence models, whether neural networks or fuzzy inference models, with a relative preference for neural networks, and after using these results within the data required for modeling in the Mike program, it was found that there are large differences between the observed and simulated values due to the lack of existing data on the study area. Conclusions. This study recommends to continue research on the issue of hydrological modeling in case of lack of data and to compare between different models to find the best way to solve this problem.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82491215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematization and analysis of regulatory and technical documentation in the field of operation and repair of residential buildings","authors":"Svetlana Yu. Korol","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The issue of revising the existing regulatory documents at the stage of operation of residential buildings becomes relevant due to the need to take into account scientific and technological achievements in the field of standardization. The emergence of new building materials, technological methods of manufacturing structures, methods of performing repair and construction work leads to the need for an ongoing update of the regulatory framework of construction. The object of the study is a set of regulatory documents focused on the stage of operation of construction facilities. The purpose of the work is to prepare proposals for updating, correcting and supplementing the regulatory framework governing the stage of operation of construction facilities. Materials and methods. The task of this work is to analyze the domestic regulatory framework affecting the concept of ope­ration of construction facilities, to make a classification of requirements for capital construction facilities at this stage and to structure regulatory technical documents. Results. Proposals were developed to adjust, supplement and update the regulatory framework of the operation stage. Conclusions. Within the framework of this study, regulatory technical and methodological documents affecting the concept of the stage of operation of buildings and structures are systematized and analyzed; a list of regulatory documents requiring adjustments and additions is made.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82499004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat exchange in cooled combustion chambers of low-power heat generators","authors":"A. Chulenyov","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The study of heat exchange in cooled combustion chambers and the influence of various factors on its intensity is a complex and relevant task. The analysis of theoretical and experimental data on heat exchange in combustion chambers of various plants has proven that current methods fail to take into account features of heat exchange in furnaces, having small geometric dimensions and, therefore, they cannot be used for their thermal calculation. Materials and methods. The author presents the experiments and the results of their generalization performed using the criterial equation. Generalization results are of great importance for analyzing heat transfer processes and the thermal analysis of cooled combustion chambers of small capacity heat generators. The contribution of radiative and convective components to complex heat exchange processes in combustion chambers of low-capacity boilers is evaluated using this generalized dependence. The author has identified qualitative and quantitative dependence of integral radiative and convective heat exchange on the main factors of operation of small combustion chambers. Results. The author has obtained generalizing criterial dependence that makes it possible to evaluate the contribution of radiative and convective components to complex heat exchange in combustion chambers of low-capacity boilers. Conclusions. The generalized criterial dependence, obtained by the author, can be used to identify the qualitative and quantitative dependence of integral radiative and convective heat transfer on the main geometric, physical and performance factors of operation of small capacity furnace chambers. The assessment of reliability of the experimental data, obtained by the author, has shown that the value of the limiting mean square error of determining the value of integral heat transfer Kh.t will be 3.24 %. For all experiments, the deviation of the calculated data from the experimental results with a 95 % probability does not go beyond the confidence interval of ±9.52 %.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77558349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of sanitary standardization in domestic housing construction in the first third of the twentieth century","authors":"A. V. Vasileva","doi":"10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The author analyzes principal relevant state programmes dealing with housing construction. Researchers specializing in different areas of knowledge focus on the problem of preservation and, if possible, improvement of sanitary and hygienic characteristics of housing construction. It is the maintenance of sufficient values of pre-set indicators and their well-organized control can guarantee comfortable and safe living conditions. Materials and methods. The step-by-step analysis was performed and the principal official documents were subsequently compared to get an exhaustive idea of the evolution of sanitary and hygienic standardization in the housing construction. Results. The analysis of the pre-revolutionary legislation and fundamental materials on housing construction has revealed that the main task of standardization was to prevent urban fires and ensure the adherence to private property rights. At this stage, sanitary engineers issued their first proposals concerning lighting, insolation, and ventilation standards. Immediately after the revolution, standardization was applied to distribute the available housing stock. Mass housing construction stan­dards needed revisions as new construction projects were launched. The predominance of low-rise construction projects pre-set the development and approval of standards applicable to this type of buildings. Later these norms were applied to the urban construction of residential buildings. Archival materials provided more information about the development and adoption of the main legislative acts in this area. Conclusions. Conclusions are drawn about the key role of sanitary inspectors in the development of basic sanitary and hygienic requirements in housing construction. Only their status of national legislative acts can ensure their compliance in the construction industry. At the present stage, the preservation of these standards is the only way to ensure safe living conditions in terms of numerous urban multi-storey construction projects.","PeriodicalId":30543,"journal":{"name":"Stroitel''stvo Nauka i Obrazovanie","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78822640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}