Melilah: Manchester Journal of Jewish Studies (1759-1953)最新文献

{"title":"FEMININE IMAGES IN THE WRITINGS OF AMOS OZ","authors":"D. Abramovich","doi":"10.31826/mjj-2011-060103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/mjj-2011-060103","url":null,"abstract":"This essay explores the portrayal of female protagonists in several novels and short stories by Israel’s most celebrated author Amos Oz. Employing feminist theory, the article argues that often in the Oz canon, the manner by which women characters are depicted can be read as antifeminist and misogynous. By embracing an oppositional reading which goes against the grain of conventional interpretation, the paper seeks to show that the adumbration of the female in an array of Oz texts is closely associated with a pervasive patriarchal praxis that focuses solely on their sexuality. The familiar image of the woman that is uncovered in this analysis demonstrates that in their multiple configurations, Oz’s female principals are driven by libidinal impulses and that such characterization permeates the author’s gender constructs. The article contends that Oz underlines in many of his plots the erotic dimension so much so that it becomes the mainstay for the heroines’ actions and behaviour.","PeriodicalId":305040,"journal":{"name":"Melilah: Manchester Journal of Jewish Studies (1759-1953)","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114433519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHANGING LANDSCAPES: JEWISH-CHRISTIAN-MUSLIM RELATIONS TODAY","authors":"E. Kessler","doi":"10.31826/9781463234003-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/9781463234003-003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers some of the similarities and differences in the contemporary encounter between Jews, Christians and Muslims. Despite the potential symbiosis, there are barriers to a trialogue with the three monotheistic religions and the author reflects on the impact of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the sometimes harmful influence of collective memories: for example, Jews think of Christianity in terms of suffering and persecution; while Muslims have not forgotten the Crusades, and see in Western aspirations an old crusader mentality in a new guise. Commemorations of past events help preserve a sense of historical continuity and identity but a preoccupation (some might call obsession) with the past may be damaging if it results in a negative identity and self-understanding, especially if it becomes the only or primary lens through which reality and the changing world is viewed. One way to disarm an obsession with the past is to adopt a critical approach to it in order not to be become victims of an ideological ‘vindication’ of the past that is nostalgic, dogmatic, and sometimes irrational. If the past is approached critically, it can reveal new interpretations and understandings of the world that can be liberating and constructive. In their contemporary encounter with Muslims, Jews and Christians have much to discuss. Theologically, it is commonly argued that Islam is more similar to Judaism than Christianity since both have problems with Christian Trinitarian theology, stress religious law and the centrality of monotheism, and have no priesthood. The 2008 Muslim Letter to the Jewish Community, Call to Dialogue, initiated by Muslim scholars at the Centre for the Study of Muslim-Jewish Relations in Cambridge, is an example of a contemporary attempt to demonstrate the commonality between these two faiths. However, the rise of modern political Zionism, the creation of the state of Israel and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict have become major sources of tension between Jews and Muslims, not just in the Middle East but throughout the world. There are also important similarities between Islam and Christianity since both have a strong sense of mission to people of other religions and Jesus is revered by Muslims as a prophet. The 2007 letter from Muslim scholars to the Christian world, A * Founder and Director of the Woolf Institute, Cambridge. Email: Ed.Kessler@woolf.cam.ac.uk. This paper was first delivered as the CCJ Maurice Brunner Memorial Lecture on 19 October 2010 in Manchester. 1 ‘An Open Letter : A Call to Peace, Dialogue and Understanding between Muslims and Jews’ (25 February 2008), at http://www.woolf.cam.ac.uk/cmjr/assets/pdf/letter.pdf. Ed Kessler, 'Changing Landscapes: Jewish-Christian-Muslim Relations Today', Melilah 2010/3 58 Common Word, outlines the similarities between the two faiths. Tensions also exist, demonstrated by outbursts of violence between Muslims and Christians in Africa (e.g. Nigeria’s sharia riots in 2006 and","PeriodicalId":305040,"journal":{"name":"Melilah: Manchester Journal of Jewish Studies (1759-1953)","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123594184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EQUAL PARTNERS? PROSELYTISING BY AFRICANS AND JEWS IN THE 17TH CENTURY ATLANTIC DIASPORA","authors":"T. Green","doi":"10.31826/mjj-2010-050102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/mjj-2010-050102","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the processes by which Africans proselytised Sephardic Jews on the coast of West Africa in the 16th and 17th centuries and were in their turn proselytised by Jews both in West Africa and elsewhere in the Atlantic world in the early modern era. Drawing on a wide range of archival and published sources, it shows that these activities were far from unusual in the Atlantic world at the time, and are evidence of a world of receptivity and understanding that belies traditional interpretations of Atlantic history. Analysing the conditions which produced the atmosphere in which such mutual conversions could occur, the paper argues that a relatively equitable balance of power was central to this process. Personal knowledge and human experience were crucial in breaking down cultural barriers in a way which permitted conversion; however, the wider economic forces which facilitated these exchanges were themselves distorting power relations, helping to shape Atlantic history on its more familiar, and intolerant, path. The Atlantic Sephardic diaspora is one which remains unfamiliar to some historians of the early modern period. Only recently, indeed, has it become a focus of study for mainstream historiography.1 Yet this was, in the 16th and early 17th centuries, a diaspora which was almost of equal import to the trajectory of Sephardic Jews as that in the Ottoman Empire. Retaining a variable degree of Judaism beneath the cloak of an enforced Christian faith, these Sephardic New Christians became important players on both sides of the Atlantic world: in Madeira, Cabo Verde and São Tomé, and in Brazil, Mexico and Peru. In the vast geographical space which was occupied by this diaspora, there has now been a reasonable amount of research and publication devoted to the Sephardic New Christians of the American sphere.2 Only recently, however, has there been any sustained research and publication on the question of the activity of the diaspora in Africa. Here, landmark new activities of a group of Sephardim living and trading on the petite côte three decades of the 17th century (Mark/Horta 2004; Mendes 2004; Green 2005; 2008).3 * Post-doctoral Fellow, Centre of West African Studies, University of Birmingham. Email: T.O.Green@bham. ac.uk 1 One should cite here particularly the essays in Bernardini and Fiering (eds.) (2001); Wachtel (2001); and Israel (2002). 2 Looking at Brazil, one can cite the work of Novinsky (1972) and Salvador (1969) and (1978): for Colombia there is the recent excellent work of Splendiani (1997), whilst for Peru both Millar Carvacho (1997) and Castañeda Delgado/Hernández Aparicio (1989; 1995) have done important work. 3 The petite côte comprises the space between the Cape Verde peninsula where the modern city of Dakar is located in Senegal – the westernmost point of Africa – south to the deltas of Sîne-Saloum, a coastline of approximately 150 kilometres. For a more precise view, see the map of the Caboverdean region (downloa","PeriodicalId":305040,"journal":{"name":"Melilah: Manchester Journal of Jewish Studies (1759-1953)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115965141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN INDEX TO FREY’S JEWISH INSCRIPTIONS IN RECENT NEW EDITIONS","authors":"David Lincicum","doi":"10.31826/MJJ-2010-050103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/MJJ-2010-050103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":305040,"journal":{"name":"Melilah: Manchester Journal of Jewish Studies (1759-1953)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115711520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOME COMMENTS ON MICAH BERDICHEVSKY’S SAUL AND PAUL","authors":"D. Langton","doi":"10.31826/mjj-2010-050104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/mjj-2010-050104","url":null,"abstract":"Although Micah Berdichevsky (1865–1921), a giant of Hebrew literature, never completed his book-length study of the apostle , his literary executors ensured that Saul and Paul was published in 1971. Like the better known study by Joseph Klausner, Paul (1939), Berdichevsky’s work was a Zionist perspective on the founder of Gentile Christianity, written in Hebrew. Central to Saul and Paul is a mysterious document that Berdichevsky believed to be an ancient Jewish account of the conversion and missionary success of Paul, namely, the tale of the pagan priest, Abba Gulish. He went on to argue that Saul and Paul had been two different individuals, the one Jewish, the other pagan, and that Christian tradition had amalgamated them. Attributing historicity to a Hebrew legend rather than a Greek Christian one, Berdichevsky argued that Paulinism of Christianity in the Jewish Paul’s adoption of non-Jewish, Hellenistic ideas, Berdichevsky went one step further and denied Paul even a Jewish birth. In addition to a comparison of Klausner and Berdichevsky’s views of Paul, this short article includes the Hebrew text and translation of the story of","PeriodicalId":305040,"journal":{"name":"Melilah: Manchester Journal of Jewish Studies (1759-1953)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123659187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A SURREALIST READING: FORMLESSNESS AND NONDIFFERENTIATION IN YITZHAK ORPAZ’S THE HUNTING OF THE GAZELLE (TSEYD HA-TSVIYAH, 1966) A CYCLE OF THREE STORIES","authors":"Giulia Miller","doi":"10.31826/mjj-2010-050106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/mjj-2010-050106","url":null,"abstract":"The research for this paper was initiated by the following question: Why is it that avant-gardes literary trends such as Futurism and Expressionism have been evidently incorporated into Modern Hebrew poetry and prose – alongside detailed and comprehensive critical discourse regarding this incorporation – whereas the same cannot be said of Surrealism? There is no official Hebrew or Israeli Surrealist movement or extensive critical study of Hebrew Surrealism either in literature or in the visual arts and – as I shall demonstrate – this particular absence is true in only a few other countries and consequently Israel stands out in being one of these countries.1 The question thus raised two concerns: the first, which cannot be denied, is the complete absence of a collective, national Israeli affiliation with Surrealism and the second, which is more problematic, is the seeming lack of a Surrealist influence upon Modern Hebrew literature.2 The latter concern is not as relevant to other national literatures simply because so many countries have or have had nationally affiliated Surrealist movements, which in turn suggests an impact. The fact that there has never been a Hebrew or Israeli equivalent renders the concern more pertinent. My question then developed into something of a more historicist nature: is it possible that there are instances of Hebrew Surrealism within literature that are the result of an inner poetic need rather than any conscious affiliation with the movement? If so, how would we define this particular Surrealism and what would it signify?","PeriodicalId":305040,"journal":{"name":"Melilah: Manchester Journal of Jewish Studies (1759-1953)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132858997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE NATURE OF ULTRA-ORTHODOX RESPONSES TO THE HOLOCAUST","authors":"Dan Garner","doi":"10.31826/mjj-2010-050105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31826/mjj-2010-050105","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the religious response to the Shoah of Rabbi Kalonymous Shapira, a Chasidic leader in the Warsaw Ghetto during the Second World War. The responses of the UltraOrthodox to the Holocaust have long been neglected and/or marginalized, only coming back into considered focus in more recent years. These responses were often associated with the idea of contains surprising elements concerning his attempt to understand theologically the unfolding sufferings through which he and his community lived (and died). These surprising tendencies can be characterized as ‘atheodic’ and ‘antitheodic’ in nature in that they evidence the relinquishing of the effort to justify and explain the suffering. Together these tendencies show Shapira’s response to be both more complex and sensitive than Ultra-Orthodox thought has often been given credit for.","PeriodicalId":305040,"journal":{"name":"Melilah: Manchester Journal of Jewish Studies (1759-1953)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123643277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}