JRSM Cardiovascular Disease最新文献

{"title":"Blood urea nitrogen and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with MI or cardiogenic shock: Analysis of the MIMIC-IV database.","authors":"Sadaf Derakhshandeh, Sepehr Ramezanipour, Golnaz Yazdanpanah, Sahar Nasrollahi, Sina Esmaeili, Hamed Mottaghi, Atefeh Bahrambeigi, Mahmoud Abdollahi, Alaleh Alizadeh, Sepideh Hadimaleki, Danyal Yarahmadi, Niloofar Deravi","doi":"10.1177/20480040261434635","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20480040261434635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) reflects renal function and metabolic catabolism and thus can be a potential biomarker in severe illness. The purpose of this investigation was to assess whether independent associations exist between admission BUN concentrations and hospital mortality in critically ill adults with acute myocardial infarction (MI) or cardiogenic shock (CS). Associations were assessed using tertiles of mean BUN during the hospital admission and mean BUN within 24 h of ICU entry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using MIMIC-IV (v3.1), we conducted a retrospective cohort study of first ICU admissions (2008-2019) in adults identified by ICD-9/10 codes for acute myocardial infarction and/or cardiogenic shock. The primary exposure was mean BUN during hospitalization, categorized into tertiles; first-24-h BUN was analyzed as a sensitivity exposure. Analyses used complete cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 6719 patients. In-hospital mortality climbed from 5.2% to 25.8% across average BUN tertiles. In multivariable logistic regression, higher mean BUN was associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality across tertiles and per standard-deviation increase. Findings were directionally consistent when first-24-h BUN was used as the exposure. Model diagnostics supported acceptable collinearity and fit.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among critically ill adults with acute myocardial infarction and/or cardiogenic shock, higher BUN, particularly mean BUN during hospitalization, was independently associated with in-hospital mortality. Early BUN (first 24 h) showed a similar signal, supporting BUN as a simple adjunct for bedside risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"15 ","pages":"20480040261434635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13009996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal change of lymphocyte subunits for maladaptive remodeling after anterior myocardial infarction.","authors":"Ferhat Eyyupkoca, Huseyin Oren, Onur Yildirim, Ajar Kocak, Musa Baran Akbaba, Muhammed Emre Onder, Omer Faruk Ates","doi":"10.1177/20480040261426529","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20480040261426529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Lymphocytes are key players in the adaptive immune system, playing an important role in the anti-inflammatory balance in the post-myocardial infarction (MI) period and being involved in healing process. We aimed to investigate temporal changes in lymphocyte subunits in maladaptive remodeling following acute myocardial infarction.</p><p><strong>Design and setting: </strong>A total of 84 patients with anterior ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) were enrolled. Lymphocyte subunits were measured 1 day, 2 and 6 weeks after MI. Maladaptive cardiac remodeling was defined as an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume by ≥12% in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at the 6-months follow-up.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 84 patients with anterior STEMI were enrolled.</p><p><strong>Measurements and results: </strong>On the first day post-MI, the median number of total lymphocytes, T cells, and B cells were higher in the maladaptive remodeling group than in the without maladaptive remodeling group. Two weeks post-MI, the median number of B cells was higher in the maladaptive remodeling group, but similar at 6 weeks post-MI. Regression analysis revealed that a high number of B cells on the first day post-MI was related to maladaptive remodeling.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the maladaptive remodeling group, both inflammation markers, T and B lymphocyte levels were higher in the initial phase of MI, while B cells were approximately two-fold higher and an independent predictor of maladaptive remodeling. This study strongly supports the idea of developing immunotherapies or treatments that target B cells in cardiac remodeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"15 ","pages":"20480040261426529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12982852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147469423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The approach to chest pain during pregnancy.","authors":"Stephanie Asbridge, Benjamin Cross, Dawn L Adamson","doi":"10.1177/20480040261418970","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20480040261418970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal mortality in the UK is increasing, and thromboembolism and cardiac disease accounted for almost 30% of women in the MBRRACE 2024 report. This paper aims to give readers a simple and practical approach to chest pain in pregnancy, helping the reader understand what is normal and abnormal in pregnancy and safe and effective diagnostic and management principles.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"15 ","pages":"20480040261418970"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12957599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is left ventricular relative wall thickness a predictor of 5-year mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure?","authors":"Sefa Tatar, Hasan Kan, Yunus Emre Yavuz, Selçuk Cakmak, Yakup Alsancak, Abdullah Icli, Hakan Akilli","doi":"10.1177/20480040261421393","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20480040261421393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Heart failure (HF) is a significant global health problem that continues to increase in prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, particularly in aging populations. Relative wall thickness (RWT), an echocardiographic parameter reflecting geometric remodeling of the heart, is easily measurable and may possess prognostic value. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive power of RWT for 5-year mortality in patients with HF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective observational analysis, a total of 232 individuals diagnosed with acute decompensated heart failure were enrolled. RWT values were calculated using echocardiographic measurements. In this single retrospective cohort, participants were stratified into two subgroups based on their 5-year survival status. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters were compared between these subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 5 years of follow-up, 133 patients had died. Patients in the mortality group were significantly older (p = 0.001). The mortality cohort demonstrated a higher prevalence of chronic renal failure, atrial fibrillation, and mitral regurgitation compared with survivors. Echocardiographically, elevated systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was associated with mortality (p = 0.009). However, regression analysis did not find sPAP to be statistically significant [95% confidence interval (CI), hazard ratio: 1.047 (0.818-1.340), p:0.7)]. RWT values ​​did not show a significant difference between the groups (0.39 ± 0.13 compared to 0.37 ± 0.06; p = 0.225). Area under the curve for RWT was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.43-0.57), indicating poor predictive power. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference in survival between RWT groups (log-Rank:0.984, p: 0.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RWT has limited ability to predict 5-year mortality among patients with advanced stages of HF. Age emerged as the strongest independent predictor. RWT should be evaluated in conjunction with multiple clinical and laboratory parameters rather than in isolation when managing HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"15 ","pages":"20480040261421393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12873076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical significance of diastolic wall strain in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A cross-sectional observational analysis.","authors":"Premapassan Krishnamurthy, Justin Paul Gnanaraj, Panneerselvam Ganesan","doi":"10.1177/20480040261418963","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20480040261418963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diastolic wall strain (DWS) is based on linear elastic theory, which shows that impaired diastolic wall thinning reflects resistance to deformation in diastole and thus, increased diastolic myocardial stiffness. We aim to explore the role of DWS in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in terms of correlation with indices of HFpEF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study enrolled 53 patients with exertional dyspnoea and normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Forty patients fulfilled the criteria for HFpEF according to ESC 2023 criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two groups were analysed - Group 1 with criteria of HFpEF fulfilled and Group 2 with those who did not. Echocardiographic indices including relative wall thickness (RWT), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), E/e', left atrial volume index (LAVI) and DWS were numerically different on comparison with group 2, with LVMI, LAVI and E/e' statistically significant. Also mean Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) was found to be -13.05%. Group 1 was divided into HFpEF with DWS ≤ median and HFpEF with DWS > median. Echocardiographic indices showed statistically higher LVMI and atrial filling fraction. This finding showed that patients with reduced DWS were more likely to have diastolic dysfunction. Also, it was found that DWS had a statistically significant correlation with LVMI, LAVI and RWT. Lower DWS had abnormal GLS. Limitations include small sample size.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although difference in DWS between HFpEF and controls did not reach statistical significance, stratification by median value showed significant correlation of DWS with myocardial relaxation parameters. Also, with significant correlation with increased atrial filling fraction higher N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide and correlation with impaired GLS, our study supports DWS as a potential research tool in evaluation of HFpEF.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"15 ","pages":"20480040261418963"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12868587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic inflammatory response index and its obesity-related derivatives as predictors of heart failure: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2017-2020.","authors":"Chutawat Kookanok, Methavee Poochanasri, Sethapong Lertsakulbunlue","doi":"10.1177/20480040261419613","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20480040261419613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Heart failure (HF), a growing public health concern, is primarily driven by metabolic disorders. While the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) has demonstrated prognostic value in cardiometabolic diseases, its role in predicting HF remains unclear. Given the link between obesity and inflammation, integrating SIRI with obesity-related measures may enhance the stratification of HF risk. This study aims to examine the association between SIRI, integrated with obesity-related indices, and HF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from NHANES 2017-2020 were used, including 6572 adults aged 20-80 years with complete data on key indices. HF was defined based on self-reported physician diagnosis. SIRI was calculated as (neutrophil × monocyte)/lymphocyte count. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of inflammatory and obesity indices on HF risk. Multivariable logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) and Interaction tests were used to examine the association between the index of interest and HF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 6572 participants, 170 (2.6%) had HF. The SIRI × BMI × WHR index showed the highest predictive value (AUC: 0.68), improving in non-smokers (AUC: 0.73) and individuals with diabetes (AUC: 0.71). RCS analysis indicated a linear, dose-response relationship, with multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the strongest association in the fourth quartile (AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.07-3.75), and stronger effects in non-smokers (AOR: 7.25, 95% CI: 2.04-25.76) and those with diabetes (AOR: 5.63, 95% CI: 1.25-25.39).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SIRI × BMI × WHR index demonstrated predictive ability and an association with HF, particularly among individuals with diabetes and non-smokers. Given its accessibility and cost-effectiveness, this index may serve as a valuable tool for HF screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"15 ","pages":"20480040261419613"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12868596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146126917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Mortality Due to Coexisting Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Ischemic Heart Disease in the United States, 1999-2020: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Reyan Hussain Shaikh, Mariam Shahabi, Mian Muinuddin Jamshed, Hashim Ishfaq, Kamran Hussain, Navaira Azeem, Osman Faheem","doi":"10.1177/20480040261418101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20480040261418101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe trends in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD)-related mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2020 using data from CDC WONDER.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed mortality data from CDC WONDER, identifying decedents aged 25 years and above using ICD-10 codes. A total of 1,459,562 deaths occurred between 1999 and 2020. Annual crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 were calculated and stratified by age, sex, race, and region. Annual percentage changes (APC) were determined using Joinpoint regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall AAMR declined from 24.78 in 1999 to 18.5 in 2020, with a gradual decrease from 1999 to 2018 (APC = -2.06 [95% CI: -2.27, -1.90]) and a subsequent rise through 2020 (APC = 4.53 [95% CI: 0.56,6.41]). Males had higher AAMRs (28.2) than females (13.95). Non-Hispanic Whites had the highest AAMRs (21.93). Mortality among adults aged 45-64 was stable until 2008, then increased through 2020. For adults ≥ 65 years, AAMRs declined until 2018 but rose sharply thereafter. Non-metropolitan areas (AAMR: 26.29) had higher mortality than metropolitan areas (AAMR: 18.42). States in the 90th percentile, such as Tennessee and Kentucky, had AAMRs approximately three times higher than those in the 10th percentile, including Arizona and Hawaii.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Substantial demographic and regional disparities persist in COPD and IHD-related mortality, necessitating targeted interventions in high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"15 ","pages":"20480040261418101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12835507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146094121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axillary artery thrombus in a patient with critical bicuspid aortic stenosis.","authors":"Lucy Searle, Emma Walsh, Sirpi Malar Selvaraju, Zulfiquar Adam","doi":"10.1177/20480040261418110","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20480040261418110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe aortic stenosis typically presents with reduced exercise tolerance, exertional chest pains, or syncope. We report on a case of a young female on therapeutic anticoagulation and a history of nephrotic syndrome, who presented with subacute limb ischaemia resulting from axillary artery thrombus. Urgent echocardiogram demonstrated a bicuspid aortic valve with critical stenosis, and she underwent surgical aortic valve replacement. Her presenting symptoms resolved after three months of warfarin therapy. This case highlights the importance of systemic evaluation of unexplained arterial thrombosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"15 ","pages":"20480040261418110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12824129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What work-up do we need for women with congenital heart disease in the 21st century for the preparation of pregnancy?","authors":"Spyros Bakalis, Hannah Douglas","doi":"10.1177/20480040251404532","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20480040251404532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnancy poses significant risks for women with congenital heart disease (CHD) due to major cardiovascular changes that can lead to complications which increases the morbidity and mortality rate in these patients. CHD is the leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States. In this review, we present the steps required to reduce these risks. We cover the changes to the maternal cardiovascular system that occur in pregnancy, and how they can significantly impact the cardiac patient where the disease may lead to poor adaptation in pregnancy. We discuss the epidemiology of this growing challenge and analyse the available the risk stratification models necessary to recognise and mitigate the chance of maternal cardiovascular complications arising in pregnancy. We follow on to discuss the necessity of pre-pregnancy counselling, which is often missed, but allows the potential mother to have a full conversation regarding the implication of pregnancy on her and her baby. We highlight the need to cover topics such as contraception, medication, subfertility, and maternal and fetal risk. Finally, we discuss the need of a pregnancy heart team; what specialist should be involved in the care of these high-risk women and where antenatal and delivery care should take place.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"15 ","pages":"20480040251404532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12811563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145999260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between influenza infection and cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mohsen Mohammadi, Nazanin Kianifard, Amin Fazlzadeh, Amal Mechaal, Morteza Sheikhi Nooshabadi, Hamid Parsa, Seema Advani, Marjan Nourigorji, Kimia Pakdaman, Nahid Samadi, Andarz Fazlollahpour Naghibi, Vahid Fallah Omrani, Pouyan Ebrahimi, Ali Rostami","doi":"10.1177/20480040251407014","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20480040251407014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Influenza infection may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but the extent of this link is uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the association between influenza infection and CVDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive search of major databases from inception to 2024, identifying studies that investigated the association between influenza infection and CVDs. Eligible studies included cohort, case-control, and randomized controlled trials reporting on cardiovascular outcomes (acute CVDs) following influenza infection or risk of influenza infection in CVD patients (chronic CVDs). Data were extracted and pooled using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was assessed using the <i>I</i> ² statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11 studies (15 datasets) involving 7327 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, influenza infection was significantly associated with CVDs based on 10 datasets (odds ratio (OR) = 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-3.03). However, the analysis of the five datasets indicated no significant association between pre-existing CVDs and an increased risk of influenza infection (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.80-1.03). Subgroup analyses and meta-regression highlighted that study quality and design could significantly influence the risk of developing CVDs among patients with influenza.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This meta-analysis provides quantitative evidence that influenza infection could be a potential risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular events. These findings emphasize the need for preventive measures, including vaccination, especially in high-risk populations. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and impact of influenza on cardiovascular outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"14 ","pages":"20480040251407014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12743791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145858184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}