Journal of Medical Bacteriology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Serum Levels of Anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG and IgA by ELISA Method in Patients with Gastric Ulcer in Chalous, Iran","authors":"Arezoo Taravat, Haniyeh Bashi Zadeh Fakhar, Babak Shaghai, Fatameh Rouhollah","doi":"10.18502/jmb.v12i1.15015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmb.v12i1.15015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Considering the role of Helicobacter pylori in various diseases such as chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer and malignancies, this study was performed to evaluate the level of antiHelicobacter pylori antibodies in the serum of the population of Chalous and then its relationship with demographic characteristics. \u0000Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the department of Microbiology in a tertiary care teaching hospital during December 2019 to May 2021. All hospitalized patients with diarrhea, who had a history of exposure to antibiotic drugs and all patients with IBD were included in the study. Stool samples were collected from all patients with diarrhea who have been on antibiotic or anticancer drug during last 6weeks or previously diagnosed case. Patient’s demographic features and clinical details were collected from medical records. \u0000Results: About 78% of people had IgA positive titer and about 48% had IgG positive titer. Serum IgA level in patients with bloating (P = 0.005) and in patients with nausea (P = 0.016) was statistically significant. Also, in patients studied there was a significant relationship between bloating (p = > 0.001), nausea (0.013) was seen with a serum IgG level . \u0000Conclusion: Due to the high percentage of positive titers of anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies, especially IgA in the sample population, it seems that the follow-up of positive serological titers will help to prevent and control the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection.","PeriodicalId":30437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Bacteriology","volume":"32 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lucilia sericata Maggot Extract: A Promising Tool against Biofilms of Antimicrobial Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Sara Rashid, Madjid Momeni-Moghaddam, Zahra Ghavidel","doi":"10.18502/jmb.v12i1.15020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmb.v12i1.15020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study explores the impact of Lucilia sericata maggots on the development and eradication of biofilms created by the pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. \u0000Methods: We assessed the influence of Lucilia sericata maggot extract on the viability of planktonic bacteria, the formation and disruption of biofilms, bacterial metabolic activity. Also the effect of simultaneous ES-antibiotic treatment in biofilm elimination was investigated. Additionally, the expression levels of genes associated with biofilm formation, namely LasI, psLA, agrA, and icaD was studied. \u0000Results: The results showed that ES can reduce the viability of planktonic S. aureus, significantly. Furthermore, ES of larvae fed on S. aureus-infected meat displayed the most substantial inhibition of biofilm formation (62.11% and 75.04% inhibition for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively). A similar trend was observed in biofilm destruction, with values of 56.67% and 68.50% inhibition for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The simultaneous application of ES of larvae that fed on S. aureus-infected meat and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin resulted in 100% inhibition of biofilm formation by S. aureus. Notably, the group treated with ES of larvae fed on S. aureus-infected meat exhibited the most significant reduction in metabolic activity, with values of 95.03% and 68.25% for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The expression of LAsI and pslA genes in P. aeruginosa and the expression of agrA and icaD genes in S. aureus has decreased \u0000Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that maggot extract has not only impacted the formation, but also eliminated the biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.","PeriodicalId":30437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Bacteriology","volume":"22 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Streptococcus agalactiae in Urinary Tract Infections of Pregnant Women","authors":"Ahdiyeh Saghabashi, Khadijeh Rostami, Maryam Allameh, Mansoor Khaledi, Hamed Afkhami, Javad Fathi, Rahmatullah Parvizi, Mohammad Esmkhani, A. Dezfuli, Shamin Shahriary, Mohamad Mahjoor","doi":"10.18502/jmb.v12i1.15017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmb.v12i1.15017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection in children and adults, especially females. Among urinary tract infection caused by bacteria, Streptococcus agalactiae can cause periodic, temporary, or persistent infection in women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of S. agalactiae isolated from urine samples in pregnant women referred to Qom hospitals, Iran. \u0000Methods: In this descriptive study, 1264 pregnant women suspected for urinary tract infection were assessed. Midstream urine specimens collected from pregnant individuals in Ali-ibn-AbiTaleb hospital medical laboratory were passaged on blood agar media. Streptococcus agalactiae was detected using phenotype-based tests. Then, antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted using the disc diffusion method according to CLSI protocols. \u0000Results: Out of 1264 pregnant patients, 17.64% were diagnosed with beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, and 13.37% were diagnosed with S. agalactiae. The highest rates of antibiotic resistance were found for Clindamycin and Erythromycin. In place, the lowest resistance rate was detected for Nitrofurantoin. The prevalence of resistance to Penicillin was about 33%. \u0000Conclusion: Regarding the results of this research, it would be better to perform urine culture tests before week 34 of pregnancy and the last weeks of pregnancy. Also, our results showed that Penicillin can be replaced by alternative antibiotics before week 34 of pregnancy to prevent further S. agalactiae antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":30437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Bacteriology","volume":"35 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Bacteriophage vB_PaeS_TUMS_P6 Infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"H. Kamyab, Narges Torkashvand, A. Shahverdi, M. Khoshayand, Mohammad Sharifzadeh, Z. Sepehrizadeh","doi":"10.18502/jmb.v12i1.15021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmb.v12i1.15021","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important pathogen in healthcare settings that poses significant challenges due to its ability to rapidly develop antibiotic resistance. Its propensity to form biofilms and adapt to host defenses makes it even more difficult to treat, leading to prolonged and debilitating illnesses. So, it is vital to prioritize efforts to develop new strategies for treating infections caused by this pathogen. In the present work, morphological and biological characteristics of vB_PaeS_TUMS_P6 (P6), a lytic phage against P. aeruginosa, belonging to the genus Luzseptimavirus were fully described. \u0000Methods: P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was used for propagation and biological characterization of P6. Its morphology was assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Adsorption rate assay, one-step growth curve analysis and time-kill experiment were analyzed. Host Range of P6, as well as pH and thermal stability were also determined. \u0000Results: The results showed that it was of classic podovirus morphology and had a short latent period. It could kill bacteria at multiplicity of infection as low as 0.01 and also infect some multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Stability data suggested that P6 remained stable in various temperatures and pH levels, which is a beneficial characteristic for phage therapy in different situations \u0000Conclusion: This study presents promising data supporting the future use of P6 as a candidate for phage therapy.","PeriodicalId":30437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Bacteriology","volume":"13 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140082261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of ELISA and Real-time PCR Tests to Detect COVID-19","authors":"Saye Moshashei, Haniyeh Bashi Zadeh Fakhar, Babak Shaghaghi, Melika Jalalian","doi":"10.18502/jmb.v12i1.15019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmb.v12i1.15019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Considering the wide spread of covid-19 and its high death rate, it is very important to find a sensitive and accurate diagnostic method. Thus, this study compared two main diagnostic approaches; PCR and ELISA, to detect COVID-19. \u0000Methods: Fifty patients admitted to Baghiyatalah Hospital were examined to detect COVID-19 RNA by Real-time PCR method, as well as for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA method. The results were statistically analysed by SPSS software. \u0000Results: The mean age of patients is 38.4 years old. The percentage of positive cases of COVID-19 in the studied patients according to PCR and ELISA tests was 66% and 70%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between positive cases of COVID-19 detected by PCR and ELISA with emerging fever, weakness, and lethargy . The diagnostic value of ELISA versus PCR showed that the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and true positive rate were 100%, 88.2%, 8.5, and 94.29%, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: Although the sensitivity of detection in Real-time PCR is higher than that in ELISA, there is a high agreement between the two methods when used for diagnosis of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":30437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Bacteriology","volume":"20 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoliflodacin: A hope to treat antibiotic-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae","authors":"Mohammad Reza Mohammadi","doi":"10.18502/jmb.v11i1-2.14372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmb.v11i1-2.14372","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram negative diplococci which causess a sexually transmitted infection. N. gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that causes infection to the mucussecreting epithelial cells both in male and female. In 2017, the centre of disease control and World Health Organization published the list of global priority pathogens with denting therapeutic options, including antibiotic-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. During the covid-19 pandemic, excessive use of antibiotics led to raise of drug resistance. The infection is widespread and intractable. If this happens, more people will be left with an incurable infection which may cause serious health problems. \u0000Results: We characterized zoliflodacin thoroughly. Here is discussed the clinical trials and side effects on human health by searching different keywords like “zoliflodacin”, “covid-19”, “clinical trials” from different data sources like Pub-Med, Google-Scholar, and Science-Direct. Zoliflodacin targets antibiotic-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Zoliflodacin is mainly known based on its therapeutic effects against N. gonorrhoeae. It acts by inhibiting bacterial type 2 topoisomerase with binding site in bacterial gyrase. Zoliflodacin is effective in treating gonococcal urogenital and rectal infection. \u0000Conclusion: Antibiotic is the only option to treat N. gonorrhoeae. There is no vaccine available to treat gonorrhea. The new drug, zoliflodacin, specifically targets antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea and its is why researchers have studied this antibiotic from different point of views. In this study, we elaborate the discovery of zoliflodacin, its mechanism of action, the current clinical trials, and the effectiveness of zoliflodacin.","PeriodicalId":30437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Bacteriology","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genital Infections and Associated Risk Factors in Women on Contraception Monitored at the Bacteriology and Virology Laboratory of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital","authors":"A. Dieng, Souleymane Aidara, Amary Fall, Ndeye Fatou Diouf, Serigne Mbaye Lo Ndiaye, Alioune Tine, Safietou Ngom Cisse, H. Diagne, Moustapha Cisse, Marième Samb, Siny Ndiaye, Djibril Diop, Awa Ba Diallo, H. Ndiaye, M. Camara","doi":"10.18502/jmb.v11i5-6.14357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmb.v11i5-6.14357","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Contraception is a strategy of choice for spacing births but also for avoiding early and unwanted pregnancies. However, through hormonal modification, this contraception constitutes a favorable state for the proliferation in the genital tract of agents responsible for vaginal infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of genital infections in women on contraception followed up at the bacteriology-virology laboratory of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital. \u0000Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study conducted over a one-year period between January 2019 and December 2020. Microbial assessemnets were performed on genital secretions according to standard bacteriology laboratory procedures. Sociodemographic data and bacteriological examination results obtained were entered using File Maker Pro Advanced (version 16) software. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 20). \u0000Results: This research studied 1771 women, of whom 1609 were on contraceptives. The most represented age group was over 40 years (27.06%). The majority of patients were women on oral contraceptives (32.07%). Women with secondary education (31.45%) and women with 1 to 3 children (43.03%) were most often on contraception. The germs most frequently detected in women on contraception were Gardnerella vaginalis (51.78%) and Candida albicans (24.19%) and the use of intrauterine device (IUD) as a means of contraception was statistically associated with vaginal infection (p=0.0004). \u0000Conclusion: This study showed a high frequency of vaginal infections in women on contraception and that the intrauterine device was significantly associated with the occurrence of these infections.","PeriodicalId":30437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Bacteriology","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138586135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Among Isolated Bacteria from Urinary Tract Infection Patients in the Intensive Care Unit","authors":"Fatemeh Forouzani, Asghar Sharifi, Najmeh Mojarad, Zahra Mohammadi, Reza Shahriarirad","doi":"10.18502/jmb.v11i5-6.14360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmb.v11i5-6.14360","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most important health care issues with a major role in occurrence of nosocomial infections. Rise in antibiotic resistance rate by UTIs not only lead to morbidity and mortality, but also impose a remarkable financial burden on health care infrastructure. This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of UTIs and identify common microorganisms responsible for infection and their antibiotic resistance profile in our Intensive Care Unit (ICU). \u0000Methods: In this perspective cross-sectional study, data from patients admitted to the ICU of two main referral hospitals in Yasouj, Southern-west Iran from 2015- 2016 was collected. Patients were selected in a subsequent manner and were asked to provide a midstream urine sample. Positive cultures were subsequently placed in differential culture medium for the diagnosis of the causative pathogen, while also evaluating with Muller Hinton Agar culture for antibiogram through disc diffusion method, to evaluate the pathogens sensitivity and resistance towards the tested antibiotics. \u0000Results: Based on bacterial culture results among a total of 112 obtained urine samples, 100 (89.2%) were negative while 12 (10.8%) were positive, in which the majority were gram-negative (6.25%) and the most frequent pathogen was Escherichia coli (5.3%). All cases of UTI in our population were fully resistant to cephalexin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Also, all gram-negative cultures were sensitive to amikacin. There was also no significant association between the antibiogram results with age, gender, and gram results. \u0000Conclusion: we report actual data on the resistance patterns of uro-pathogens in a public hospital in Iran. Escherichia coli showed a high prevalence among all UTIs with lower resistance rates to the antibiotics. Resistance to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were significantly lower than other oral antibiotics, making both a suitable and cheap alternative for the empirical treatment.","PeriodicalId":30437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Bacteriology","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138983249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Herbal Recommendations with the Potential to Inhibit COVID-19 Infection","authors":"Mansoor Khaledi, Fatemeh Sameni, Hossein Amini-Khoei, Mehran Bakhtiari, Najmeh Sedighimehr, Javad Fathi, Maede Ghiyasvand, Zahra Mottaghiyan, Saina Najafi, Pouneh Mohammadpour, Zahra Shirzazd, Azam Haghighatfard, Majid Validi","doi":"10.18502/jmb.v11i5-6.14362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmb.v11i5-6.14362","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has originated from Wuhan, China and rapidly spread all over the world. This disease is caused by a coronavirus termed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that mainly infects the human respiratory tract. Herbal agents including Atractylodes lancea, Ephedra, Curcumin, and Echinacea purpurea had immunomodulatory effects and antiviral activities on other respiratory viruses including Influenza virus. They strengthen the innate immunity through increasing the phagocytic activity and antiinflammatory activity. These herbs could be used as a complementary therapy to prevent entry of COVID-19 and improve immune system. This review delves into the role and therapeutic compounds of various herbal agents in relation to immunity, their effectiveness in treating other viral respiratory illnesses, and their potential influence on COVID-19 disease.","PeriodicalId":30437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Bacteriology","volume":"5 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Vancomycin and Aminoglycoside Resistance Genes in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Chicken Raw Meat Samples","authors":"Davoud Afshar, Reza Shakiba, F. Haghi, H. Zeighami","doi":"10.18502/jmb.v11i1-2.14369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/jmb.v11i1-2.14369","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Enterococci are main normal microbial flora of both humans and animals and can survive in a diverse range of environments. These bacteria carry out aminoglycoside and vancomycin resistance genes and spread them in environment by many routs such as chicken meat products. The present study was aimed to determine the frequency of aminoglycoside and vancomycin resistant genes in Enterococcus species isolated from chicken meat specimens. \u0000Methods: A total of 250 chicken raw meat specimens was prepared from slaughterhouses at Zanjan province, cultured at BHI broth and incubated at 37°C for 24h. The positive cultures were sub-cultured in blood agar plates and grown colonies identified using phenotypical and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards and PCR assays were performed to detect vanA, vanB, aph (2\")1c, aph (2\")1b, aph (2\")1d, ant(3'), aph(3')IIIa, ant(4')1a, ant(6') and aac(6') genes. \u0000Results: In total, 100 Enterococcus species isolated from 250 specimens and 35% of them belonged to E. faecalis and the others were E. faecium (65%). The prevalence of the vanA, vanB, aph (2\")1c, aph (2\")1b, aph (2\")1d, ant(3'), aph(3')IIIa, ant(4')1a, ant(6') and aac(6') genes among the 100 Enterococcus species was 14%, 12%, 10%, 1%, 2%, 50%, 26%, 9%, 18% and 22%, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The current study revealed that the rate of antimicrobial resistance genes to aminoglycosides and vancomycin was worrying and health measurements in meat products industries must be performed to prevent spread of antimicrobial resistance elements among bacteria.","PeriodicalId":30437,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Bacteriology","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}