Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science最新文献

{"title":"Hemoparasites (Apicomplexa: Hepatozoon; Kinetoplastida: Trypanosoma) of Green Frogs, Rana clamitans (Anura: Ranidae) from Arkansas","authors":"C. T. McAllister, Ryan P. Shannon, T. Fayton, H. Robison","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7415","url":null,"abstract":"The green frog, Rana clamitans, has been reported as a host of several hemoparasites, including trypanosomes and Hepatozoon spp. In Arkansas, however, there are no reports of any hemoparasites in R. clamitans nor from any other anuran from the state. We collected 9 green frogs from Polk County and blood was taken from their facial musculocutaneous vein in heparinized capillary tubes. Thin blood smears were also made and stained with DipQuick stain. Seven out of 9 (78%) R. clamitans were infected with hematozoans. Three (33%) were infected with an unknown species of Hepatozoon and 4 (44%) were infected with trypanosomes of 3 distinct morphologies. Mixed infections were found in 5 (56%) of the hosts. Here, we provide the first report of hemoparasites in R. clamitans from Arkansas, including morphometric data and photomicrographs of the infections.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42169752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertebrate Natural History Notes from Arkansas, 2020","authors":"C. Tumlison, Matt Connior, Blake Sasse, Henry Robison, Stan Trauth, S. Higdon, L. Baer, Z. Baer, R. Stinson, D. Carson, T. Inebnit, L. Lewis, Roger Perry, Ronald K. Redman","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7411","url":null,"abstract":"Smaller details of natural history often go undocumented to science if those details are not parts of larger studies, but small details can provide insights that lead to interesting questions about ecological relationships or environmental change. We have compiled recent important observations of distribution and reproduction of fishes and mammals. Included are new distributional records of mammals, and observations of reproduction in several mammals for which few data exist in Arkansas. A rare record of the","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47358992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helminth Parasites of Eastern Screech Owl, Megascops asio (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae) from Arkansas","authors":"C. T. McAllister, H. Robison","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2020.7413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2020.7413","url":null,"abstract":"The eastern screech owl ( Megascops asio ) is a small owl that is relatively common in eastern North America. Nothing is known of the parasites of this owl in Arkansas. Here, we document 3 helminths from a single injured M. asio that subsequently died and was donated by a rehabilitation center for parasitic examination. Found were 2 digenetic trematodes, Brachylaima mcintoshi and Neodiplostomum americanum , and a habronematid nematode, Excisa excisiformis . The former trematode represents a new host record for M. asio , and B. mcintoshi and E. excisiformis are reported from Arkansas for the first time.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41258638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of the Sinus Nematode Skrjabingylus sp. (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) Inferred from Sinus Lesions in Arkansas Mustelidae and Mephitidae, with review of relevant literature","authors":"C. Tumlison, T. Tumlison","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7322","url":null,"abstract":"Nasal nematodes of the genus Skrjabingylus occur in the mammalian families Mustelidae and Mephitidae, and in North America occur from Canada to Costa Rica. Ingestion of infected snails, frogs, snakes, or mice can infect mammalian hosts. Infection often causes pathology to bones in the sinus region, which may lead to discoloration, enlargement, and fenestrations of the bone. Examination of museum specimens for evidence of infection has been used to detect prior infection, but prevalence and intensity cannot be interpreted without actually recovering the parasite. We examined Mustelids and Mephitids in collections of mammals housed at Arkansas State University (ASU), Henderson State University (HSU), and the University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR) to evaluate the possible occurrence of nasal nematodes in Arkansas mammals. Evidence of infection was found in skulls of the Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis), Spotted Skunk (Spilogale putorius), Mink (Neovison vison), Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata), and North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis) from Arkansas. We report for the first time evidence of the presence and distribution of Skrjabingylus sp. infecting mammals in Arkansas.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44894681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moore's Law and Space Exploration: New Insights and Next Steps","authors":"M. Howell, V. Kodali, R. Segall, H. Aboudja, D. Berleant","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7303","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how technology changes over time is important for industry, science, and government policy. Empirical examination of the capability of technologies across various domains reveals that they often progress at an exponential rate. In addition, mathematical models of technological development have proven successful in deepening our understanding. One area that has not been shown to demonstrate exponential trends, until recently, has been space travel. This paper will present plots illustrating trends in the mean lifespan of satellites whose lifespans ended in a given year. Our study identifies both Wright’s law and Moore’s law regressions. For the Moore’s law regression, we found a doubling time of approximately 15 years. For Wright’s law we can see an approximate doubling of lifespan with every doubling of accumulated launches. We conclude by presenting a conundrum generated by the use of Moore’s law that is the subject of ongoing research.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48694734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomics of Carbon Fixation Energy Sources in Halothiobacillus neapolitanus","authors":"J. Hunter, M. Marasco, Ilerioluwa Sowande, N. P. Hilliard","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7326","url":null,"abstract":"Through the use of proteomics, it was uncovered that the autotrophic, aerobic purple sulfur bacterium Halothiobacillus neapolitanus displays changes in cellular levels of portions of its carbon dioxide uptake and fixation mechanisms upon switch from bicarbonate to CO2(g) as carbon source. This includes an increase in level of a heterodimeric bicarbonate transporter along with a potential switch between form I and form II of RubisCO. Additional changes are seen in several sulfur oxidation pathways, which may indicate a link between sulfur oxidation pathways as an energy source and carbon uptake/fixation mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49478455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plains Spotted Skunk Pelt Purchase Trends in the Ozarks and Ouachitas, 1943-1990","authors":"D. Sasse","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7315","url":null,"abstract":"The plains spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius interrupta) was previously considered a common animal across much of the central United States. However, this subspecies has undergone a severe population decline and the current rarity of this subspecies has led to it being petitioned for protection under the Endangered Species Act (Gompper and Hackett 2005, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2012). While difficult to find across most of its range, it can still be found, though uncommon, in the Arkansas Ozarks and Ouachitas (Hackett et al. 2007; Lesmeister et al. 2009; Perry et al. 2018; Sasse and Gompper 2006; Sasse 2018). The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission requires buyers of fur pelts to report on the number and species of pelts purchased each year and records from 19431990 were summarized by region. Pelt purchases from the Delta and Gulf Coastal Plains as well as all post1990 spotted skunk pelt purchases were negligible and are not included (Sasse and Gompper 2006). Data on spotted skunk pelt purchases in the Ozark Plateau region of Missouri is from Sampson (1980). In order to allow for comparisons across regions data was standardized to harvest/1000 square kilometers (Figure 1). Purchases in all three regions were relatively high in the 1940s but began a steep decline in the Missouri Ozarks in the mid-1940s and in the Arkansas Ozarks and Ouachitas in the early 1950s. While purchases in the Missouri Ozarks continued to decline slowly the Arkansas Ozarks saw a modest recovery in the early 1960s and in the mid-1970s nearly returned to 1940s harvest levels. Curiously, there was no increase in Ouachitas purchases in the mid-1960s however it too returned to 1940s levels in 1978. Although Missouri Ozarks purchases increased 460% from 1971 to 1974 it was still much lower than seen in earlier years. Arkansas spotted skunk pelt purchases have been shown to be dependent on pelt price and these spikes in purchases occurred in years with higher spotted skunk values (Sasse and Gompper 2006), however, in other states this relationship with price has not always been as strong, especially in recent decades as harvest has become incidental to take of other species (Clark et al. 1985; Gompper and Hackett 2005; Sasse 2018; Sasse and Gompper 2006). Like other mountainous areas of spotted skunk range, total pelt purchases in these regions of Arkansas and Missouri were relatively small. The increased trapper effort associated with high fur prices in the 1970s did not result in similar increases in spotted skunk harvests in formerly-prairie lands that had been converted to agriculture and that previously had extremely dense spotted skunk populations (Gompper and Hackett 2005). Since fur purchases in the Ozarks and Ouachitas in the mid-1960s and 1970s were similar to those observed in the 1940s, and lacking any other data upon which to assess spotted skunk population trends, this suggests that populations in these regions did not decline from the 1940s through the 1970s as","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42950802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De novo Development and Characterization of Tetranucleotide Microsatellite Loci Markers from a Southeastern Population of the House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus)","authors":"Edgar Sanchez, J. Maddox, D. G. Barron","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7310","url":null,"abstract":"Microsatellites are short tandem repeats (e.g. TAGATAGA) of base pairs in a species’ genome. High mutation rates in these regions produce variation in the number of repeats across individuals that can be utilized to study patterns of population-and landscape-level genetics and to determine parentage genetically. In this project our objective was to develop microsatellite markers for the House Finch, Haemorhous mexicanus . This species has become one of the most well-studied species of songbirds due to its unique geographical, evolutionary, and epidemiological history. Using mist-nets we captured birds on the Arkansas Tech University campus and collected blood samples to obtain genomic DNA. Samples were processed in The Field Museum’s Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, where we fragmented genomic DNA and isolated fragments that contained potential microsatellites using specially designed biotin labelled probes. These DNA fragments were transformed into competent E. coli cells which were then PCR-amplified and Sanger sequenced. After sequencing DNA fragments from approximately 500 E. coli colonies, we designed and characterized a set of 13 tetranucleotide microsatellite loci. The average number of alleles and heterozygosity found in 12 individuals from Arkansas was 8.69 and 0.80, respectively. This finalized set of microsatellites can be utilized by researchers to determine parentage and characterize genetic differences across","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47670884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasites (Trematoda, Nematoda, Phthiraptera) of Two Arkansas Raptors (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae; Strigiformes: Strigidae)","authors":"C. T. McAllister, L. Durden, C. Bursey, J. Hnida, V. Tkach, T. J. Achatz","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7321","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70913573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Diaphyseal Chondrodysplasia and Polymorphic Osteodysplasia of the Tibiofibulas in a Southern Leopard Frog, Lithobates sphenocephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae)","authors":"S. Trauth, M. Mccallum","doi":"10.54119/jaas.2019.7301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54119/jaas.2019.7301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30423,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44573211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}