Day 2 Wed, March 22, 2023最新文献

{"title":"Two Successful Case Histories of Advanced Live Well Deployment in the Caspian Sea","authors":"D. Parra, E. Hasanov, Alexander Piven, C. McClean","doi":"10.2118/212927-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212927-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The use of Coiled Tubing (CT) has been over the past years a preferred method to deploy long, heavy screens and guns in highly deviated wells in a single run without killing the well, therefore reducing the risk and improving job efficiency. Two case histories are presented in this paper. The first involves deployment of 88m of screens and the second deployment of 125m of 3-3/8-in guns including blank sections.\u0000 After revising several techniques, the best approach was to use an Advance Live Well Deployment (ALWD) system to deploy and set the screens, and to deploy and retrieved guns, with a tubing encapsulated electrical wire which enabled the Coiled Tubing Telemetry (CTT) system with the ultimate goal to perform a safe and cost-saving well intervention, as compared to other options such as conventional wireline perforating. In the first job, the objective was to remove a plug to get access to the zones below and deploy/set 88m of ceramic screens in one run. In the second job, the objective was to set a plug in the tubing to isolate lower zones and run 125m of guns to perforate tubing and casing. Extensive job planning was done including CT simulations to reach target depth, shock modeling to confirm forces are within CT limitations, and yard tests to verify deployment (screens) and deployment/reverse deployment (guns) procedures.\u0000 CTT system with a Tension Compression Torque (TCT) sensor was used during deployment/reverse-deployment operations. Casing Collar Locator (CCL) sensor was run for depth correlation during screen/guns positioning and packers setting (screens). Deployment Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) was changed to a firing BHA before running in the hole for setting the packer and electrically activating the guns. With the ALWD system, 88m of ceramic screens were successfully run and set inside existing screens, as well as 125m of guns/blank sections were successfully deployed/reverse-deployed.\u0000 Based on the success of these two case histories, the ALWD combined with CTT system has been proven to be the preferred method when dealing with long screens deployment and perforation intervals in live well conditions.","PeriodicalId":303929,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 22, 2023","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122881126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Productivity Using Real-Time Coiled Tubing Assisted by Temperature Mapping and Integrated Dynamic Diversion Acid Squeeze Technique in a Highly Depleted Reservoir of West Kuwait","authors":"Salem Hamad Al Sebea, Abdullah Ibrahim Abu-Eidah, M. Patra, Mohammad Al-Eidi, Nakul Khandelwal, Sapna Chawla, Rishi Gaur, Mohammad Alkreebani","doi":"10.2118/212924-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212924-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the current cost-constrained oil field environment, operators must complete their wells while minimizing capital expenditure. Operators respond to these challenges by utilizing customized diagnostic services and specialized tools in a single run to save on rig costs. Coiled Tubing (CT) deployed fiber- optics assist in taking Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) during acid stimulations to estimate fluid volume distribution in the horizontal openhole with a specialized jetting tool to create wormholes and complex microfractures.\u0000 This paper discusses an acid stimulation process using dynamic fluid energy to divert flow into a specific sweet spot in the well to initiate and accurately pinpoint acid stimulation. The treatment efficiency was monitored and visualized in Real Time (RT) with CT-conveyed fiber-optic DTS. This acid stimulation process, named Integrated Dynamic Diversion (IDD), often uses two independent fluid streams: the acid phase down the treating string and other liquids or foamed fluid down the annulus. Two different fluids mix downhole with high energy to form a homogenous mixture.\u0000 Pre-job DTS injection profile diagnostics identified a non-permeable zone, and the stimulation pumping schedule was adjusted accordingly. Using the IDD process, this was done in RT by changing the depths and increasing the number of stages across the non-permeable zone. Post-job injection profile DTS diagnostics confirmed an increase in injectivity across the non-permeable zone with a uniform injection across the entire openhole. This proved the value of combining RT CT with IDD using a dual pumping process and the specialized jetting tool. Post-job production results also indicate a sustainable production with an oil gain of +500 BOPD.\u0000 Applying the IDD methodology with DTS services is the most appropriate solution to address the unique challenges of openhole operations, formation technical difficulties, high-stakes economics, and untapped high potential from intermittent reservoirs. This paper presents post-job results obtained from stimulating multiple zones along the lateral and describes the lessons learned in implementing this methodology, which can now be considered best practice for applications with similar challenges in other fields.","PeriodicalId":303929,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 22, 2023","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130475999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Machine Learning Methods to Predict Hole Cleaning in Horizontal and Highly Deviated Wells","authors":"Michael Mendez, R. Ahmed, H. Karami, Mustafa Nasser, I. Hussein, S. Garcia, Andres Gonzalez","doi":"10.2118/212912-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212912-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Machine learning (ML) has become a robust method for modeling field operations based on measurements. For example, wellbore cleanout is a critical operation that needs to be optimized to enhance the removal of solids to reduce problems associated with poor hole cleaning. However, as wellbore geometry becomes more complicated, it gets more difficult to predict the cleaning performance of fluids. As a result, optimization is often challenging. Therefore, this study aims to develop a data-driven model for predicting hole cleaning in deviated wells to optimize drilling performance.\u0000 More than 500 flow loop measurements from 8 studies are used to formulate a suitable ML model to forecast hole cleanout in directional wells. Measurements were obtained from hole-cleaning experiments that were conducted using different loop configurations. Test sections ranged in length from 22 to 100 feet, in hole diameter from 4 to 8 inches, and in pipe diameter from 2 to 4.5 inches. The experiments provided measured equilibrium bed height at a specific flow rate for various fluids, including water-based and oil-based fluids and fluids containing fibers. Several relevant test parameters, including fluid and cutting properties, well inclination, and drilling string rotation speed, were also considered in the analysis. The collected data has been analyzed using the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM). Six different machine learning techniques (Random Forest, Linear Regression, Neural Networks, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline, Support Vector Machine, and Boosted Decision Tree) have been evaluated to select the most appropriate method for predicting bed thickness in a wellbore. Also, we compared the predictions of the selected ML method with those of a mechanistic model for cases without drill string rotation. Finally, using the ML model, a parametric study has been conducted to investigate the impact of various parameters on the cleanout performance of selected fluids.\u0000 Results show the relative influence of different variables on the prediction of cuttings bed. Accordingly, flow rate, drill string rotation, and fluid behavior index have a strong impact on dimensionless bed thickness, while other parameters such as fluid consistency index, solids density and diameter, fiber concentration, and well inclination angle have a moderate effect. The Boosted Decision Tree algorithm has provided the most accurate prediction with an R-square of approximately 90%, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of close to 0.07, and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of roughly 0.05. A comparison between a mechanistic model and the selected ML technique shows that the ML model provided better predictions.","PeriodicalId":303929,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 22, 2023","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114534949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Intervention Opportunity, Why the Industry does not do More and How New Collaborative Workflows with Aligned Outcomes can Change this","authors":"M. Billingham, Fraser James Proud, P. Ramondenc","doi":"10.2118/212922-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212922-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This analysis challenges the typical way interventions have been planned and executed, both from an operational and commercial basis, and examines where there is room for significant improvement in the industry. Perhaps more importantly, it examines the case for performing interventions and tries to explain the headwinds in what is an opportunity for both financial and net zero goal reasons. Benchmarked data has already shown that opportunity absolutely exists to do more, and the authors discuss why the intervention opportunity is underserved. By appreciating the issues operators face when justifying and designing intervention activity, the challenges can thus be addressed by proper alignment to the best outcome.\u0000 Intervention global expenditure is a small percentage of the total exploration and production spend while there is a strong value case for such operations. This study examines why this is so and then looks at how to address those issues. There is a huge array of well integrity and reservoir performance challenges that can bottleneck production and the industry has delivered many innovative solutions to address these issues. Reduced capital expenditure spend over the last years and the pressure to maintain production sustainably should create a perfect climate for intervention. However, an asset mindset that is often risk averse to entering a producing well, as well as complex workflows, will too often detract from the opportunity to intervene. New workflows—including digital—are discussed to demonstrate how identification of candidate wells and intervention techniques can be simplified, and how the success rate of the operations, as well as incremental production gains, can be determined more reliably to enable more robust outcomes. However, current contracting techniques and conventional key performance indicators can also cause further misalignment as to the true goal of interventions being to increase production sustainably. Those issues and how they have been resolved are addressed herein.\u0000 New workflows and commercial models have been used to facilitate the quicker identification of intervention opportunities, enabling collaborative planning and optimal solution identification, combined with feedback mechanisms to ensure continuous close collaboration between technical experts enabled by digital tools can disrupt the conventional intervention model. Case examples will be provided to support the arguments made and demonstrate a new way of performing interventions.\u0000 New digital workflows combined with strong collaborative, technical domain knowledge and a wide array of possible intervention solutions can change current typical intervention models. With these changes further improvements can then be made to the conventional business models used to maximize the intervention opportunity and the sustainability opportunities it brings with regard to getting the most out of existing infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":303929,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 22, 2023","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127124776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remedial Sand Control Deployment in Mature Fields: Performance Review of Pilot Installation of Bonded Bead Sandscreen in High Gas-Oil Ratio Well at Offshore East Malaysia Using Slickline","authors":"C. McClean, Amrit Stefan Balgobin, Steve B. Wilson, Ogagaoghene Odairi, Jeffrey Allan Higginbotham, Parvinee Chaemchaeng, Li Ren Chung, Rick Raynold Claudius, Gan Teik Wei, C. Tang","doi":"10.2118/212887-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212887-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sand production remains one of the major challenges in managing mature fields in Malaysia. Wells that experience severe sand production due to primary sand control failure require remedial solutions to continue producing without jeopardizing asset integrity. In these cases, operators rely heavily on through-tubing metallic sandscreen (TTSS), however, the applications remain limited due to the short TTSS lifespan, especially in wells in a high erosive environment. With increased intervention risk, frequent replacement is both economically and operationally unfeasible. Therefore, most high gas-oil ratio (HGOR) wells remain closed-in today, in need of a durable sand screen that can withstand high erosional velocity. Various types of erosion resistant through-tubing sand screens (ER-TTSS) have been implemented to test their sustainability and longevity in highly erosive environments. Additional challenges can be associated with the actual deployment of these remedial solutions into mature wells.\u0000 This paper will discuss the performance of Malaysia's first installation of bonded bead sandscreen in HGOR well, Well #1 at offshore East Malaysia. Instead of using conventional mesh or wire wrapped type as filtration media, bonded bead sandscreen incorporates tightly bonded beads to filter sand and is expected to have superior performance over conventional metallic TTSS. Prior to installation, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation and sand retention test (SRT) were conducted to determine sand erosion risk and optimize the screen design for Well #1. The information gathered from the CFD was then utilized to optimize the tubular components and minimize the effect of erosion on the complete bottom hole assembly (BHA). Additionally, well #1 was on an unmanned production platform; therefore, the deployment options for this intervention had to be considered during the early planning phase of the operation. A combination of slickline unit with suitable pressure control equipment was selected to minimize personnel on board and match deck load limitations while ensuring proper service delivery.\u0000 The outcome of pilot testing of bonded bead sandscreen in Well #1 will be discussed. Recommendations for future optimization will also be included to ensure that bonded bead sandscreen remains one of the competent through-tubing sand solutions, especially for HGOR wells. Furthermore, the operational techniques that were utilized to reduce the operational risk and costs will be discussed in order to demonstrate how such wells can be intervened in a cost-effective manner to extend the asset's life.","PeriodicalId":303929,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 22, 2023","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128560961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coiled Tubing Underbalance Cleanout with Multiphase Flowmeter: Optimization Workflow and Lessons from the North Sea","authors":"A. Gabdullin, A. Keong, Y. Shumakov, Eihab Serrari, Matt Woodcox, Stanislav Shablyuk, H. Graterol, Johnny Bårdsen, P. Fotland, Ole Magne Vatne, Henny Anggraini, Luc Charrier","doi":"10.2118/212935-ms","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/212935-ms","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Coiled tubing (CT) cleanout interventions are complex operations that have significant potential for increased efficiency and reduced operational risks with the use of a multiphase flowmeter. Fluid return data provide valuable information that can revolutionize conventional operating processes. However, until now, there have been no practical recommendations available that summarize the experience, decision-making workflow, and guidelines when utilizing multiphase flowmeters during CT cleanout operations.\u0000 Challenges with CT cleanouts are typically addressed during planning and design stages. Steps for risk control are planned as part of the execution program, whose level of optimization depends heavily on real-time data from downhole and surface measurements. Surface flowmeter data are generally only used for monitoring rather than to make informed decisions for operational optimization and de-risking. In this case study, a practically proven workflow utilized multiphase flowmeter data to deliver accurate measurements of oil, water, gas, and solids returns at the surface during a CT cleanout to safeguard operations and enable cleanout strategy adjustments in real time.\u0000 In the Norwegian continental shelf (NCS), depleted wells require CT cleanout operations to be in underbalance with the use of nitrified fluids. Interventions are planned to allow natural production from the well to assist solids transport to surface during the underbalanced CT cleanout, hence reducing the amount of base oil and nitrogen required. Uncertainties in reservoir pressures make estimation of production rate during the cleanout difficult to achieve. A dual-energy gamma-ray multiphase flowmeter eliminates those uncertainties by giving a quantitative measurement of the three phase production rates in real time, allowing the CT operator to control and optimize nitrified fluids use by monitoring the pumping rates versus the flowback rates. The optimization allows an estimated reduction of nitrified fluids up to 20% due to the capabilities of quantifying hydrocarbons flow to assist the cleanout. Measurements of solids also helped to avoid unnecessary long CT wiper trips to the heel of the well that can take from 6 to 8 hours. By breaking down the cleanout interval into sections, the flowmeter helps to identify early signs of leakoff and prevent the excessive solids bedding in the wellbore that puts the CT at a greater risk of getting stuck.\u0000 This study summarizes the results and lessons learned from an application of the dual-energy gamma-ray multiphase flowmeter during CT intervention work performed in the NCS. Furthermore, the study provides practical recommendations supported by a series of case studies and multiple field examples where real-time measurements from the flowmeter were used to build a dynamic workflow with the objective of increasing efficiency and safeguarding the CT intervention.","PeriodicalId":303929,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Wed, March 22, 2023","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126611829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}