Dyes and Pigments最新文献

{"title":"Optimum extraction and energy transfer dynamics in Phycocyanin 620 from Thermosynechococcus vulcanus","authors":"Yang Pu ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Lan ,&nbsp;Jiayu Wang ,&nbsp;Chuanxu Liu ,&nbsp;Juan Ding ,&nbsp;Wenjun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phycocyanin 620 (PC₆₂₀) is a water-soluble blue phycobiliprotein (PBP) originating from hot spring cyanobacteria — <em>Thermosynechococcus vulcanus</em> (<em>Tv</em>). It has been recognized as a valuable material with great potential for application to theoretical studies and commercial products. So, in our work, the PC₆₂₀ was purified by a minimalistic procedure through hydrophobic chromatography and used for the study of excitation energy transfer (EET) characterization. The results show that the obtained PC₆₂₀ with a final recovery of 81.5 % and an analytical grade purity at 5.21 (<em>A</em>₆₂₀/<em>A</em>₂₈₀) was reached through the process that consisted of liquid nitrogen grinding, 20 %–50 % ammonium sulfate fractionation and one-step hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The final PC₆₂₀ showed a maximum absorption peak at 620 nm, a fluorescence emission peak at 652 nm and a positive peak of circular dichroism (CD) spectra in the visible range at 626 nm. Then, joint analysis of absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, and CD spectra confirmed that the structural and functional integrity of the samples was retained compared with natural PC₆₂₀. In addition, the exciton coupling in PC₆₂₀ has been excluded by CD measurements. Furthermore, in an accurate experimental determination of the EET lifetime in PC₆₂₀, two energy migration pathways from <em>α</em>84 to <em>β</em>84 in a period of ∼0.25 ps and then from <em>β</em>155 to <em>β</em>84 in a period of ∼5 ps were directly resolved by ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy. The calculated results indicated that the EET process in PC₆₂₀ is dominated by the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism. This work should be conducive to the highly efficient preparation of the analytical grade PC₆₂₀ using a substantially simpler purification method for exploring the applications of theoretical research and the commercial field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 112919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible-light-induced polymerization initiated by D-A dyes: towards rational design of efficient light-harvesting photoinitiators by regulation of excited states","authors":"Yizhi Shao ,&nbsp;Dandan Liu ,&nbsp;Qinwei Xia ,&nbsp;Zhendong Song ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Ke Sun ,&nbsp;Changjiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yangyang Xu ,&nbsp;Tao Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The elongation of π-conjugation could efficiently enhance the photophysical performances or photochemical reactivties of organic molecules, which adapts to the requests of both designing fluorescent materials and organic photoinitiators (PIs). However, there is no work attempted to design organic PIs with large molar extinction coefficients and long π-conjugation lengths by using hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) method, which is meaningful to obtain high-performance PIs with significant fluorescence/photoluminence properties. What's more, how to overcome the obstacles derived from the unbalance between high triplet concentrations and photoinitiation abilities of organic PIs seems to be crucial, while PI's design from a view of excited state were rarely reported for rational regulation strategy up to now, we thus introduced four chromophores with D-A structures designed by HLCT method, whose triplet states were confirmed by Ultra-fast absorption spectroscopy, into photopolymerzation, where LEDs in various wavelengths were utilized as the light sources in the present work. Noticeably, some of these dyes could furnish high monomer conversions and rapid photopolymerization rates, not only under the irradiation of 405 nm LED, but also long-wavelength light source at 660 nm, which have been confirmed by the photopolymerization kinetics and 3D printing technique. Here, the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) coefficients were carried out as well, to examine their effects on photoinitiation abilities of investigated molecules, which can be regarded as the first attempt to achieving light-harvesting PIs from excited state design. Finally, the corresponding photochemical mechanisms were investigated by steady state photolysis, fluorescence quenching experiments, particularly by frontier orbit energy and distributions to examine the interactions between these dyes with co-initiator/additives in details.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 112915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing next generation of photosensitizers: recent advances in NIR-II triggered organic photodynamic nanomedicines","authors":"Qunpeng Duan ,&nbsp;Youguang Tang ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Feng ,&nbsp;Sheng Li ,&nbsp;Tangxin Xiao ,&nbsp;Qi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown significant clinical potential in treatment of various malignant tumors due to its superiorities of precise controllability, negligible drug resistance, and insignificant long-lasting side effects. Nevertheless, the excitation wavelengths of the reported photosensitizers (PSs) usually locate in the visible or near-infrared-I (NIR-I, 700–900 nm) region, which substantially hinders the deep-tissue therapeutic effectiveness because of the limited tissue-penetration depth. By comparison, near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) shows deeper body penetration and lower photo-damage, and thus substantial efforts have been devoted to develop NIR-II triggered PSs for deep-tissue therapy. The current development PSs are mainly focused on inorganic nanomaterials, the development of NIR-II activated organic PSs is still in its infancy. In this review, we summarize the recent research progresses of NIR-II activated organic PSs and their application examples as well as working mechanisms. Furthermore, some perspectives and insights on the design of NIR-II activated organic PSs are also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 112918"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bis-benzimidazole-linked divinylcarbazoles as AIE-gens: Fluorescence turn-on response detecting polyamine vapors at diverse concentrations","authors":"Sameer Singh ,&nbsp;Pralok Kumar Samanta ,&nbsp;Kalyaneswar Mandal ,&nbsp;Manab Chakravarty","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzimidazole (BIZ) is a pharmaceutically vital bicyclic heterocycle, recognized for exhibiting fascinating photophysical features. This work introduces a new class of AIEgens where BIZ rings hang against the divinylcarbazole central core and hold a conformationally twisted molecular structure. These molecules are almost non-emissive in the solid state. The molecular film coated on the coverslip displays a visually detectable turn-on fluorescence response upon selective exposure to polyamine (PA) vapor that gradually reacts and results in different emission profiles upon increasing vapor concentration starting from 2 mg/L. Detailed photophysical and mechanistic studies specify the aza-Michael addition and subsequent reverse Knoevenagel reactions between the PAs with the BIZ-linked divinylcarbazole. All the products are identified through LC-MS, and the produced imine plays a vital role in fluorescence intensity enhancement due to its crystallization-induced enhanced emission. Powder X-ray diffraction studies validated the improvement in crystallinity. Thus, these molecules could easily detect industrially and biologically vital PAs that can bring severe dangers to human health. Such an easily accessible platform can be used to detect the freshness of protein-rich food items such as fish and chicken.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 112916"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of twisted intramolecular charge transfer for two “OFF-ON” fluorescent probes in hypochlorite detection","authors":"Qiyan Liu ,&nbsp;Dongxia Wu ,&nbsp;Xindi Huang ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Xia ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Hao ,&nbsp;Anran Huang ,&nbsp;Honghong Xu ,&nbsp;Haixiang He","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a substance with strong oxidizing properties and has a non-negligible role in biological immunity processes. Therefore, it is crucial to detect HClO quickly and effectively. In this study, the fluorescence mechanism of two “OFF-ON” type fluorescent probes ADM and ADT in the detection of ClO⁻ was revealed by theoretical method. Geometric structure, excited state data, and frontier molecular orbital analyses indicate that the fluorescence quenching of probes results from the generation of twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) properties through the photoisomerization process. The torsion isomers were obtained by scanning the potential energy curves along the dihedral angle, which demonstrated that the linear response (LR) solvent model overestimates the energy of the TICT state, while the corrected linear response (cLR) solvent model provides a more precise characterization of the TICT state. Finally, the fluorescence turn-on phenomenon of the products DMC and DTC results from a localized excited state intramolecular charge transfer process in the fluorophore plane. This work reveals the sensing mechanism of two “OFF-ON” type fluorescent probes and guides further design of novel fluorescent probes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 112914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of naphthalimide-based near-infrared hemicyanine fluorophore and its application for in vivo bioimaging","authors":"Zhixiao Xiong ,&nbsp;Yuxin Wu ,&nbsp;Shanni Qiu ,&nbsp;Yufang Xu ,&nbsp;Weiping Zhu ,&nbsp;Xuhong Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging (700–1700 nm) has the advantages of deep tissue penetration and low background fluorescence interference, and has shown great application prospects in fields such as life sciences and clinical medicine. Herein, we developed two NIR naphthalimide-hemicyanine fluorophores <strong>ML-OH</strong> and <strong>ML-NH₂</strong> by using dye integration strategy. Both of them exhibited near-infrared emission (&gt;700 nm), appropriate photodynamic or photothermal performance, ease of modification, and good biocompatibility. Consequently, activated near-infrared fluorescent probes had been developed: peroxynitrite probe <strong>ML-ONOO</strong>, hypochlorite probe <strong>ML-ClO</strong>, protease probe <strong>ML-CT</strong>, hypoxia responsive probe and prodrug <strong>ML-P</strong>. Notably, <strong>ML-ONOO</strong> could effectively monitor changes in ONOO⁻ levels in the body and distinguish between diseased mice and healthy mice. The NIR naphthalimide-hemicyanine fluorophore provided a new platform for identifying and detecting different biomarkers in living systems, providing new tools and methods for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 112913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"n-Hexyl side chain engineering: Crafting NIR-II AIEgens with balanced fluorescence-photothermal performance for precision tumor ablation","authors":"Binbin Wu ,&nbsp;Qin Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Chen ,&nbsp;Hongchen Zhang ,&nbsp;Lulu Zheng ,&nbsp;Xingyu Peng ,&nbsp;Shihua Wang ,&nbsp;Yun-Yun Quan ,&nbsp;Lingtian Wang ,&nbsp;Zu-Sheng Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photothermal therapy (PTT) has gained significant attention as a promising cancer treatment due to its low systemic toxicity, minimal invasiveness, and other advantages. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence have emerged as ideal photothermal agents (PTAs), offering key benefits such as high biosafety, excellent biocompatibility, and precise tumor theranostics. Nevertheless, achieving an optimal balance between radiation-mediated NIR-II fluorescence imaging and non-radiation NIR-PTT poses a considerable challenge in designing efficient NIR-II AIEgens. In this work, we employed side chain engineering by strategically grafting <em>n</em>-hexyl onto the π-bridge of a conjugated D-π-A-π-D structure, leading to the development of four new AIEgens (<strong>BQ1</strong>∼<strong>BQ4</strong>). These compounds feature 6,7-diphenyl- [1,2,5] thiadiazolo [3,4-<em>g</em>] quinoxaline as the acceptor, thiophene as the π-bridge, and phenothiazine as the donor. This molecular design enables precise regulation of backbone distortion, effectively balancing fluorescence emission and photothermal conversion. Among them, <strong>BQ1</strong>, <strong>BQ3</strong>, and <strong>BQ4</strong> exhibited strong fluorescence, longer emission wavelengths, and superior photothermal conversion efficiencies (PCEs) (59.2 %, 57.8 %, 52 % respectively), whereas <strong>BQ2</strong>, with greater molecular distortion, showed a lower PCE of 33.4 %. Notably, <strong>BQ1</strong> nanoparticles demonstrated outstanding photothermal conversion, prolonged tumor retention, strong resistance to photobleaching <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>, and NIR-II imaging capability at 1055 nm. This study introduces a novel strategy for optimizing NIR-II/AIE PTAs through precise conformational control <em>via</em> strategic <em>n</em>-hexyl positioning, which remains unreported to date.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 112911"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-stimuli-responsive hydrogels for pH detection and switchable color changing applications","authors":"Baoli Chen ,&nbsp;Yanxi Song ,&nbsp;Zirun Zhan ,&nbsp;Jiarui Yang ,&nbsp;Zhaofeng Zheng ,&nbsp;Hongqi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Convenient preparation of smart hydrogels that can respond to multiple external stimuli is of great significance to both life science and material science and remains a challenge. This study proposed a simple free radical polymerization method by using a new <em>N</em>-allyl spiropyran, <em>N</em>-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and acrylic acid (AA) as monomers to prepare multi-responsive hydrogels with anti-freezing feature. The new spiropyran monomer was photochromic and solvatochromic and could be used to distinguish common organic solvents by the naked eye. Hydrogels based on the copolymer <em>p(NIPAAm-co-SP)</em> prepared from the spiropyran and NIPAAm exhibited multiple photo-switchable color changing patterns, providing potential for applications in advanced information encryption, anti-counterfeiting, self-erasing and display/storage devices. Both the spiropyran monomer and <em>p(NIPAAm-co-SP)</em> hydrogels displayed pH-responsive behavior and could be used as a convenient colorimetric pH sensor for rapid detection and monitoring of multiple pH scales of pH 1.0–3.0, 4.0, 5.0–11.0 and 12.0–13.0. The temperature-responsive color change of the hydrogels based on the terpolymer <em>p(NIPAAm-co-SP-co-AA)</em> could be tuned effectively by adjusting the polymerization solvent and AA content. The study contributed a new strategy for construction of multi-responsive hydrogels with potential applications in the fields of photoswitches, environmental monitoring, and smart materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 112903"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly fluorescent donor-acceptor stilbazoles based on 3,4-dicyanopyrid-2-one for selective detection of ethylamines","authors":"Saveliy P. Sorokin,&nbsp;Oleg V. Ershov","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of new Donor-Acceptor Stilbazoles based on a 2-OxoNicotinonitrile fragment (DASONs) with a rigid structure, as well as their pyrrolidinium salts, have been synthesized. The quantum yields of some of these compounds in solution reach up to 87 %. A strategy for obtaining salts exhibiting the rare phenomenon of dual-state emission based on pyridone molecules has been proposed. While the pyridones themselves show almost no fluorescence in the solid state, their pyrrolidinium salts exhibit fluorescence both in solution and over a wide range of the visible spectrum (516 nm–633 nm) when solid, demonstrating dual-state emission. Using DASON with a branched hydrocarbon radical as an example, along with ethylamines (EtNH₂, Et₂NH, Et₃N), it was demonstrated that the fluorescent properties of DASON salts enable selective detection of amine vapors with similar structures due to the selective fluorescent response to each amine (<em>λ</em>_em(max) = 523 nm, 558 nm, 576 nm). The passage of an amine mixture selectively leads to the formation of the diethylamine salt, which is important for monitoring its concentration in various environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 112908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heteroleptic red iridium(III) complexes with donor containing main ligands and dithionate ancillary ligand","authors":"Yong-Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiao-Jia Liu ,&nbsp;Zhen Shen ,&nbsp;You-Xuan Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three heteroleptic cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes, namely (dpapiq)₂Ir(dipdtc), (dpapqz)₂Ir(dipdtc) and (qzpcz)₂Ir(dipdtc), with the sulfur-containing ancillary ligand <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-diisopropyldithiocarbamate (dipdtc) were synthesized at 60 °C due to the strong coordination ability between S and Ir atoms. All molecular structures were confirmed by the single crystal characterization. The introduction of electron donors with large steric as triphenylamine or 9-phenyl-9<em>H</em>-carbazole into the isoquinoline and quinazoline as the main ligands in the Ir(III) complexes can tune the photophysical properties, thus improving the luminous efficiency and affect the corresponding organic light-emitting diode (OLED) performance. (dpapiq)₂Ir(dipdtc), (dpapqz)₂Ir(dipdtc) and (qzpcz)₂Ir(dipdtc) complexes show red emissions peaking at 629, 631 and 631 nm with photoluminescence efficiencies around 60 % and phosphorescence lifetimes in the range from 0.63 to 2.04 μs, respectively. Complex (dpapiq)₂Ir(dipdtc) was selected as the dopant in the OLED, which exhibits stable electroluminescence peaking at 629 nm with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.68, 0.31) and a narrow full-width at half-maximum of 44 nm. Furthermore, the device also possesses moderate performances with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 14.5 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 112900"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}