Dyes and Pigments最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis and photophysical properties of 1,3,5,7-tetraphenyl-aza-BODIPYs substituted at the p-phenyl positions with electron-withdrawing or donating groups","authors":"Simran Dhingra ,&nbsp;Mistura O. Olajuwon ,&nbsp;Masa Al Horani ,&nbsp;Seleen Al Horani ,&nbsp;Petia Bobadova-Parvanova ,&nbsp;Daniel J. LaMaster ,&nbsp;Frank R. Fronczek ,&nbsp;Maria da Graça H. Vicente","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of 1,3,5,7-tetraphenyl-aza-BODIPY dyes functionalized with electron-donating or withdrawing groups at the <em>para</em>-positions of the phenyl rings on either the 1,7- or 3,5-positions were synthesized and characterized. The electron-donating group selected was –NH₂, while the electron-withdrawing groups spanned a range of strengths, from strong (-NO₂) to moderate (-NH₃⁺) and mild (-N<img>C<img>S). The structural modifications were strategically implemented to investigate their impact on the dyes photophysical properties. Spectroscopic studies revealed that these dyes exhibit intense absorption and emission in the near-infrared (NIR) region (678–855 nm). The photophysical properties, including molar absorptivity, fluorescence quantum yield, and Stokes shift were found to depend significantly on both the electronic nature (donating/withdrawing) and positioning (1,7- vs. 3,5-) of the substituents. Complementary computational studies provided insights into the electronic structures and excited-state dynamics, corroborating experimental observations. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations revealed that the electron density distribution and the frontier orbitals’ energies and shapes were significantly influenced by the electronic effects of the substituent groups. This study underscores the tunability of aza-BODIPY dyes through rational molecular design, enabling precise control over their optical properties for tailored NIR applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 113144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A series of 1,8-site modified pyreneimidazole derivatives: blue emission with high exciton utilization efficiency via adjusting hot exciton excited states","authors":"Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Haibo Zhao ,&nbsp;Qingbo Wan ,&nbsp;Bo Wu ,&nbsp;Kanchi Dong ,&nbsp;Honghua You ,&nbsp;Xinwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Deqing Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here presents the first report of 1,8-site modification of pyrene ring in pyreneimidazole structure to manipulate the excited states for high exciton utilization efficiency of blue emitters. Via the induction of electron-donating (methoxyphenyl and 35methoxyphenyl)/-accepting (fluorophenyl and cyanophenyl) substituents at 1,8-site of PyI-Ph, local excited (LE)-dominated excited state is changed to hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT)-dominated and even charge transfer (CT)-dominated excited state. The substituents attenuate the π-π stacking of the molecules, enhance intermolecular interaction and increase thermal stability. The blue non-doped OLEDs of the HLCT emitters (MeOPh-PyI-Ph, 35MeOPh-PyI-Ph and FPh-PyI-Ph) deliver electroluminescence (EL) at 456–464 nm with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ∼60 nm, CIE_y of 0.14–0.18 and exciton utilization efficiency (EUE) of over 50 %. The best performance is based on MeOPh-PyI-Ph emitter: EL at 464 nm, turn-on voltage of 2.9 V, maximum brightness of 10450 cd m⁻², maximum current efficiency of 5.85 cd A⁻¹, maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE_max) of 4.24 % and negligible efficiency roll-off of 0.7 % at 1000 cd m⁻². In comparison, PyI-Ph device has EL at 485 nm with FWHM of 100 nm, CIE (0.18, 0.29) and EQE_max of 2.65 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 113141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress in the design and synthesis of hydrogen peroxide fluorescent probe","authors":"Liujin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zeling Yv ,&nbsp;Chunxiang Yin ,&nbsp;Ruichen Kang ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), an important member of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) family, plays a key role in cell signal transduction, oxidative stress regulation, and immune metabolism. However, its concentration imbalance is closely related to various pathological mechanisms such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and tumors. Therefore, developing highly sensitive and selective H₂O₂ detection technology is of great significance for disease research and diagnosis. Compared with traditional detection methods, the fluorescent probe method has become a research hotspot due to its advantages of real-time monitoring, non-invasiveness, high spatial-temporal resolution, and in vivo imaging. In this paper, the design strategies of H₂O₂ fluorescent probes based on different recognition groups (phenylboronic acid ester, phenylboronic acid, acetyl group, etc.) in recent years are systematically reviewed, focusing on the molecular mechanism of action (such as Förster Resonance Energy Transfer, Intramolecular Charge Transfer, Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer and Photoinduced Electron Transfer), the characteristics of fluorescent groups (photostability, quantum yield and Stokes shift), performance parameters (sensitivity, selectivity, response time) and bioimaging applications. In addition, this paper analyzes the limitations of existing probes, such as short-wavelength fluorescence interference, insufficient targeting efficiency of organelles, and signal interference in complex physiological environments. It looks forward to the future development direction, aiming to provide a theoretical reference and technical inspiration for the development of the next generation of high-efficiency H₂O₂ fluorescence probes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 113125"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mono- and di-benzothiazole functionalized borondipyrromethenes: Synthesis, characterization, and investigating the role of benzothiazole as an excitation energy donor in light induced events","authors":"Srikanth Bandi ,&nbsp;Akanksha Ashok Sangolkar ,&nbsp;Ravinder Pawar ,&nbsp;Raghu Chitta","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial photosynthetic donor-acceptor (D-A) systems display photo-induced energy (PEnT) and electron transfer (PET) processes as operating mechanisms, through which the photo-excited donor is decayed to the ground state by transferring, either the excited state energy or electron, to the acceptor, eventually leading to the formation of excited acceptor or charge-separated state, respectively. Compared to PET, PEnT is considered as a non-invasive pathway as it does not generate any radical ion-pairs, even for a transient period, which is quite desirable for biological applications. Although great efforts are made, it is still of utmost importance to develop PEnT operating D-A systems that can convert high-energy UV-light to visible light efficiently. Here in, we report mono- and di-benzothiazole appended borondipyrromethenes, <strong>BTZ-BODIPY</strong> and <strong>DiBTZ-BODIPY</strong>, in which the benzothiazole behaves as the energy transferring antenna and BODIPY as the receiver. As meso-substitution of the BODIPY yields molecular rotamers and leads to the loss of excited-state energy, a strategic synthetic methodology is adopted to attach one or two BTZ moieties to the pyrrole skeleton of the BODIPY platform via ester linkage(s), and the PEnT from ¹BTZ∗ to BODIPY, in solvents of varied polarity, was explored. Optical absorption studies displayed marginal interactions between the chromophores and, more importantly, showed the scope of selective photo-excitation of the BTZ or BODIPY moieties in the dyad and triad. Electrochemical studies involving both the dyad and triad revealed that the first oxidation and reduction processes are associated to the BODIPY fragment, which corroborated-well with the results obtained from frontier molecular orbital calculations. Interestingly, in case of <strong>BTZ-BODIPY</strong> and <strong>DiBTZ-BODIPY</strong>, steady-state fluorescence studies involving the photo-excitation of the BTZ moiety revealed quenching of the BTZ emission with simultaneous appearance of the BODIPY emission indicating the occurrence of the PEnT from ¹BTZ∗ to BODIPY leading to the formation of BTZ-¹BODIPY∗. The driving forces of the energy transfer were evaluated to be exothermic in all the solvents signifying the importance of BTZ as the energy donor and BODIPY as the energy acceptor in the PEnT based D-A systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 113105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A portable smartphone-assisted fluorescent probe for visual detection of hydrogen peroxide","authors":"Boyuan Li ,&nbsp;Wenjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Ningning Wang ,&nbsp;Lingbo Qu ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a common additive in food industry, poses significant health risks when overused. Traditional detection methods face challenges such as reliance on bulky instrumentation, and poor portability. To address these limitations, we developed a novel hemicyanine-based probe (BIY) for rapid, portable, and visual H₂O₂ detection in food. The probe possesses a rationally designed acceptor-π-acceptor architecture, which transforms into a donor-π-acceptor structure upon H₂O₂-triggered boronate ester cleavage. This transformation elicits a fluorescence activation phenomenon at 490 nm based on the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer mechanism. This method exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity. A smartphone-assisted sensing platform was further developed to quantify H₂O₂ via RGB analysis, achieving on-site results comparable to those of laboratory instruments. The probe has validated its practical utility in milk samples with good recoveries, showing great potential in food industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 113138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon dot materials with photo-induced and reverse water-induced colour change for repeatable information writing and erasing","authors":"Jianye Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhimeng Ma ,&nbsp;Kailin Zhang,&nbsp;Mingbo Yue,&nbsp;Qiang Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging fluorescent carbon nanomaterials with broad application prospects. In recent years, a series of novel optical information writing strategies have been developed based on the fluorescence changes induced by the photoinduced structural transitions of CDs. However, to date, the repeatable writing and erasing of fluorescent patterns remains a major challenge. In this study, we developed carbon dot composites with photoinduced and water-induced colour-changing properties for repeatable information writing and erasing. The CDs prepared by the microwave-assisted method exhibited cyan-green photoluminescence. After treatment with ethylenediamine solution and ultrasonication, the surface structure of the CDs underwent a series of changes. Under continuous ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the fluorescence of the CDs solution changed from green to orange. Based on this photoinduced colour change effect, we further used poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to solidify the material into a composite. This composite material retains the photochromism properties of CDs, and its orange fluorescence can be restored to green after water stimulation. Based on this, we achieved repeatable optical information writing and water-erasable functionality for fluorescent patterns. This approach offers promising potential for applications in data security, anti-counterfeiting technology, and smart packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 113140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isomeric design of carbazole and benzoindole derivatives for ultralong organic room-temperature phosphorescence","authors":"Bifang Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyue Xu ,&nbsp;Dong Ding ,&nbsp;Feng Li ,&nbsp;Erkin Zakhidov ,&nbsp;Mingliang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of polymer-based room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials with ultra-long lifetimes is of great significance for expanding the practical applications of purely organic phosphors. Carbazole (Cz), as a classical electron-rich aromatic heterocycle, exhibits excellent photophysical properties and has been widely used in RTP material design. Interestingly, its structural isomer, benzoindole (Bd), which features a similar conjugated backbone and nitrogen-containing heterocycle, has also emerged as a promising RTP-active scaffold but remains underexplored. This study presents a facile physical doping strategy for constructing a series of polymer-based RTP materials through the incorporation of Cz and Bd derivatives into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrices, respectively. Benefiting from rigid polymer environments and effective suppression of nonradiative decay, the resulting doped films exhibit distinct RTP performance. Notably, the Cz-OCH₃@PVA film achieves an ultralong phosphorescence lifetime of up to 2.24 s. Moreover, Bd derivatives also display efficient RTP behavior when doped into suitable polymer hosts, further validating Bd as a versatile building block for organic phosphorescent materials. In addition, the PMMA-based films demonstrate photo-activated RTP characteristics, while the excellent processability and flexibility of the PVA-based systems enable their potential application in information encryption and anti-counterfeiting. This work highlights the synergistic potential of Cz/Bd-based molecular design and polymer doping strategies in the development of high-performance organic RTP materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 113137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthracene-based structural color films with luminescence enhancement, rapid patterning and wettability response for multi-dimensional encryption and anti-counterfeiting applications","authors":"Guoyi Pan ,&nbsp;Jiaying Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Li ,&nbsp;Zilun Tang ,&nbsp;Wenjing Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Lin ,&nbsp;Yingjuan Sun ,&nbsp;Guobin Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synergistic luminescence strategies combining structural coloration and fluorescence emission show considerable potential for the advancement of next-generation anti-counterfeiting materials. This study proposes incorporating of 10-(1-naphthyl)anthracene-9-boronic (NABA) fluorescent molecules into an inverse opal photonic structure (IOPC), achieving the simultaneous emission of both photonic band gap (PBG) and photoluminescence (PL) optical signals from a single material. The copolymer film made of poly(ethylene glycol) phenyl ether acrylate (PEGPEA) and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) showed strong hydrogen bonding interactions with NABA, which effectively enhanced the fluorescence stability of the molecules. Photonic structures with varying pore sizes and numbers of structural layers were subsequently constructed, regulating both the maximum reflection wavelength and the intensity of the reflected light of the PBG. These multilayer structural color films not only enhanced the fluorescence emission intensity of NABA (PBG = 400–650 nm, with photoluminescence enhancement ranging from 1.31 to 1.93 times), but also significantly increased the photodimerization rate of the anthracene group under UV irradiation, achieving a maximum acceleration of 11.4 times. By combining these functions, a high-resolution patterned fabrication strategy and multi-dimensional fluorescence encoding encryption process were designed. This included PBG-facilitated NABA pattern printing, encryption communication with simultaneous PBG and PL display, solvent-responsive PBG QR code luminescence, and multiple stimulus-response and step-by-step recognition authentication in color-digit matrices. These results not only demonstrated the reliability of signal reading, but also significantly promoted the application of this material in complex, high-security communication and anti-counterfeiting fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 113129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme-activatable hemicyanine-based probe for spatiotemporal detection of aminopeptidase N in colitis","authors":"Xin-Ke Shao ,&nbsp;Lu Fan ,&nbsp;Jie-Li Zhou ,&nbsp;Kai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of novel molecular probes for real-time monitoring of aminopeptidase N (APN) activity is crucial for understanding inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) progression. Here, we present a new probe, HDAPN, a near-infrared (NIR) activatable fluorescent probe based on a hemicyanine scaffold, designed for selective APN detection. Structural characterization confirmed the molecular integrity of the probe, while spectroscopic studies demonstrated its exceptional photostability and response. HDAPN exhibits a remarkable \"turn-on\" response (720 nm emission) upon APN-mediated cleavage, with outstanding sensitivity (LOD = 0.82 ng/mL) and linearity under physiological conditions. The probe showed minimal cross-reactivity with interferents (e.g., ROS, metal ions, and other enzymes) and successfully detected LPS-induced APN upregulation in RAW264.7 macrophages. In DSS-induced colitis models, HDAPN enabled non-invasive visualization of APN activity, with fluorescence intensity correlating with disease severity (2-fold increase in severe colitis). Comprehensive toxicity evaluations confirmed its biosafety in vitro and <em>in vivo</em>. These findings highlight the potential of HDAPN as a robust tool for studying APN-associated pathophysiology and therapeutic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 113136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple fluorine-substitutional carbazole-diphenylamine derivatives as hole transport materials for stable perovskite solar cells: a theoretical simulation and experimental study","authors":"Xin Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiayi Qi ,&nbsp;Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Fei Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaorui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the perovskite solar cell (PSCs) device, the influence of hole transport materials (HTMs) on carrier extraction and charge transport is crucial. Therefore, molecular design of HTMs is of great significance for achieving efficient PSCs. Herein, considering that the introduction of F atoms endows HTMs with excellent perovskite defect passivation ability, JY1, JY2 and JY3 were constructed by controlling multiple fluorine-substitutional strategy using carbazole diphenylamine derivatives as the main component and applied to PSC. Theoretical calculations show that molecules substituted with multiple fluorine atoms have deeper HOMO energy levels and exhibit higher hole mobility and flatter macroscopic adsorption on perovskite surfaces. Experimental results have shown that multiple fluorine substituted molecules exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties, among which JY2 has a smoother film morphology on the surface of perovskite, greatly promoting the effective extraction of interface holes. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSC devices based on JY2 reaches 23.36 %, which is higher than that of JY1 (21.02 %) and JY3 (23.16 %) based devices. This work provides a design approach for optimizing the strategy of multiple fluorine-substitution and has important guiding significance for the development of high-performance HTMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 113135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}