Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Risk Evaluation of Secondary Cancer Induced by Breast Cancer Radiotherapy Treatment","authors":"I. Duhaini, Fatima Hijazi, Eva Sabbah, S. Ayoubi, S. Nehmeh, Ahmad Marouf, M. Korek","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000346","url":null,"abstract":"The Radiotherapy technologies are one of the most common treatments for cancer, they have been successfully used to damage cancer cells, with as little harm as possible to nearby healthy cells, however Secondary cancer risk following radiotherapy is an increasingly important topic in clinical oncology with impact on treatment decision making and on patient management. The paper aims to investigate and evaluate the current practice in radiotherapy through its different phases and to quantify the risk of secondary primary cancer following radiotherapy in breast cancer by dose calculation and risk estimation of second cancer; to make recommendations for a safer practice in radiotherapy department. The data collected from NBGUH and RHUH with dosimetry calculations on retrospective female patient’s files and verifies with dose measurements on RANDO Phantom.The results showed 85% of compliance in radiotherapy safe practices, calculated Probability of Causation after breast radiotherapy for contralateral and Ipsilateral breast cancer 0.17%, and for lung is 32%, for spinal cord is 24%. While the PC in phantom measurements in Ipsilateral lung 43.22% and PC for contralateral lung 3.099%.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130234259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Dynamical (B/Gd) Neutron Cancer Therapy by Accelerator Based Two Opposing Neutron Beams","authors":"N. Haidar","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000345","url":null,"abstract":"The work reported in this paper studies the problem of irradiation of a single cancerous region in a (B/Gd) NCT setup by two opposing modulated one-speed neutron beams. The beams, which may have different pulse shapes, have different modulation frequencies and a variable relative time advance. These different frequencies and time advance are shown to be employable as three control variables in the formulation of a nonlinear optimization process that maximizes the therapeutic utility index and the ballistic index for this kind of dynamical (B/Gd)NCT.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123207824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Nuclear Medicine Examinations Realized In Senegal from 2009 to 2017: General Characteristics and Diagnostic Contribution","authors":"A. Kokou, Bathily Eal, S. Djigo, M. Mbodj, O. Ndoye, Tapsoba Tl, S. Seck-gassama","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000344","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To analyze the profile and the diagnostic contribution of pediatric nuclear medicine examinations realized in Senegal. \u0000Materials and methods: Retrospective study having included all the files of scintigraphy examinations realized from June 15th, 2009 to June 14th, 2017 for children from 0 to 15 years old in the service of nuclear medicine of the General Hospital Grand Yoff in Dakar. \u0000Results: The examinations had concerned 43 children or 3.6% of the patients explored in the service. They were mainly male (65.1%) and their middle age was of 8.1 years with extremes of 2 months and 15 years. Near 3/4 applicants were pediatricians or a surgeons-pediatrician. Scintigraphies were renal (67.4%), thyroid (18.6%) and bones (14%). Clinical indications were dominated by hydronephrosis (38.3%) for renal scintigraphy, goiters (50%) for thyroidal scintigraphy and non-traumatic hip pathologies (66.7%) for bone scan. Renal scintigraphies had found 9 cases of renal failure of which a bilateral one. The functions of renal filtration separated were symmetric in 31% and asymmetric in 37.9%. The renal drainage was altered for 37.9% of right kidney and 58.6% of left kidney with an ascendancy of the functional retentions. The arguments suggestive of Basedow disease were found in 50% case for the thyroid scintigraphies, of femoral osteonecrosis and osteo-articular infection in 33.3% each for bones scans. \u0000Conclusion: Nuclear pediatrics examinations although weakly realized has a decisive diagnostic contribution in the pediatric care in Senegal.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115432233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracranial Germinoma: Successful Management by Chemotherapy and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy","authors":"Issam Lalya, A. Maghous, E. Marnouche, N. Zaghba, K. Andaloussi, M. Elmarjany, K. Hadadi, H. Sifat, H. Mansouri, I. Essâdi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000341","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Germinomas are malignant intracranial germ cell tumors, usually found in pineal region. These tumors are exquisitely sensitive to radiation. Whole ventricle radiation (RT) with a boost field to the primary tumor is the standard treatment for localized germinomas. RapidArc radiotherapy is considered an excellent technological advance that shows great potential for producing highly conformal doses to treatment volumes. \u0000Case report: We present a case of intracranial germinoma who achieved a partial remission after four courses of chemotherapy induction. The patient received whole ventricular radiation therapy followed by a boost to the tumor and its margin to a total dose of 40 Gy using RapidArc radiotherapy over the course of 5 weeks. Any toxicity has been noted during the treatment. Early post treatment imaging showed a complete response. \u0000Conclusion: This case demonstrates a successful management of localized intracranial germinoma by RapidArc radiotherapy that allowed a highly conformal volumetric dose distribution with optimal sparing of surrounding areas of the brain.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130518491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer Using Rapid Arc: Dosimetric Study of Military Teaching Hospital Mohamed V, Morocco","authors":"Issam Lalya, A. Maghous, E. Marnouche, N. Zaghba, K. Andaloussi, M. Elmarjany, K. Hadadi, H. Sifat, H. Mansouri","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000343","url":null,"abstract":"Background: RapidArc®, the Varian solution of Volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is currently used in the curative treatment of localized prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric parameters (effectiveness and efficiency) of the arc dynamic therapy at the Teaching Hospital Mohamed V. \u0000Materials and methods: Thirty two patients were treated with curative intent, between June 2013 and December 2014, for localized prostate cancer with RapidArc. Computed tomography (CT) based treatment planning was performed in the supine position with immobilization devices. The patients were instructed to have a comfortably full bladder and an empty rectum at CT acquisition and before each treatment. Delineation of target volume and organs at risk (OARs) was based on the consensus recommendations of the RTOG. The dose prescription was performed with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) method. Data was collected from dose-volume histograms (DVH) either for planning target volumes (PTV2) or OARs. We calculated the homogeneity index (HI) and the conformity index (CI). We also reported acute and late toxicity related to radiation therapy. \u0000Results: The mean age was 66.63 ±7.24 years old. Of the 32 patients, 24(75%) defined as high-risk. All PTV received dose ranging from 95% to 107% of the prescribed dose. The homogeneity and conformity index was very close to 1 of all treatment plans. The dose limits were respected in all OARs as recommended in QUANTEC reviews 2010. Respectively, the analysis of the HDV in the rectum and the bladder found a V70 at 7.15 ± 5.63% and 16.88 ± 8.62% and a V60 at 16.32 ± 7.97% and 27.68 ± 10 32%. The V50 in the femoral heads was 0.39 ± 0.57% on the right and 0.71 ± 1.35% on the left. The V50, V40 and V30 in the bowel bag were 38.76 ± 39.73 cc, 155.38 ± 85,60 cc and 320.09 ± 180.41 cc, respectively. The mean MU was 555.94 ± 86.34 and delivery treatment time (min) was 1.99 ± 0.47. After three months of radiation therapy, no grade 3 or 4 toxicity was reported. The median control PSA was very low at 0,052 [0.012, 0.417] ng/ml. \u0000Conclusion: This present study demonstrated that RapidArc showed optimal PTV coverage and the best OARs sparing with less number of MUs and short treatment time. Acute GI and GU toxicities were very low. Further studies are needed to evaluate late toxicities and tumor control.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":" 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132094209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation between Clinical and Academic Myocardial Viability. Complementary Myocardial Perfusion SPECT and Low Dose Dobutamine Echocardiography Role vs. Histopathological Study","authors":"Khaled El-Saban, Hijji Al-Sakhri, Ahmed Hassan Al-Rashidy, M. H. Wahdan","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000340","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rest-Redistribution thallium(R-RD Tl) imaging has high negative predictive value (NPV) but low positive predictive value (ppv) for the prediction of recovery of regional myocardial dysfunction after revascularization (Rev). Combining myocardial perfusion (MP) and functional data with nitrate-enhanced gated SPECT MIBI (GSM) at rest appears to be a promising approach for viability detection. \u0000Aim of the Study: Differentiate between clinical and academic viability. \u0000Methods: Total of 66 patients with CAD underwent R-RD Tl,2 sets of resting GSM using 2 MIBI injections, and echocardiography at rest andafter low dose dobutamine (LDD). One hour before GSM2, trimetazidine (TMZ) andnitrate, had been given. All pts had their echo repeated after (Rev) as a golden standard for clinical viability one year later. Myocardial biopsy was taken for mitochondrial assessment as a golden standard for academic viability. \u0000Results: 389/1122 segments were found to have abnormal resting wall motion (RWM) on echo. 165/217 hypokinetic, 48/102 akinetic and 6/66 dyskinetic showed contractile response for LDD echo. The MP images showed normal uptake, complete, partial reversibility and poor uptake in Tl, GSM1 and GSM2 images as following:(58,31,47), (36,22,35), (198,119,190) and (32,148,50) of segments respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of Tl, GSM1 and GSM2 and LDD echo for clinical viability had been found respectively to be (94.9%,74.1%), (59.9%,93.6%), (93.5%, 90%) and (78.5%,100%). Mitochondrial degeneration had been found to be more in the segments with partial reversibility and those with poor uptake with sensitivity and specificity of (90,85.6%), (57.2%,94.2%), (89.4%,98%) and (75%, 88.2%) respectively. From this data we can grade viability into 4 grades. \u0000Conclusion: Clinical definition of viability is better looked for in GSM2. Viability could be assessed into 4 grades.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126874120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post Mastectomy Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer: A Comparisonof Cardiac Toxicity in Hypofractionated and Normal FractionationProtocols","authors":"Alagizy Ha, Elshenawy Ma","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000339","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postoperative radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer is an essential part of adjuvant cancer treatment. RT reduces the risk of local recurrence by 50% and the risk of breast cancer mortality by 16%. Hypo- -fractionated regimens are increasingly being used as they involve fewer treatment sessions and, in terms of tumor control, the effects of conventionally fractionated and hypo-fractionated radiotherapy seem to be comparable. However, the concern for late toxicity especially cardiac toxicity is still under investigation. In our study, we evaluated cardiac toxicity of two radiotherapy fractionation techniques. \u0000Patients and methods: This is a prospective randomized clinical trial conducted at clinical oncology department– Menoufia University to assess cardiac toxicity of two fractionation techniques. Between August 2009 and June 2010, 120 patients were randomized into two groups each group 60 patient. \u0000Group A: Conventional fractionation radiation (50 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks, at 2 Gy/fraction). \u0000Group B: Hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFR) was 40 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks, at 2.67 Gy per fraction. Echocardiography (ECHO), Electrocardiography (ECG) was performed at base line before chemotherapy, at start of radiotherapy, after 6 months, then annually. \u0000Results: A total of 60 patients indicated for postoperative radiotherapy were included in each arm with median follow-up time 60 months range (25-70). Median age is 47 ranges (23-70), (25-68) in group A and B respectively. No significant statistical difference was found between two groups regarding hypertension 25% vs. 21.7% group A and B respectively, also no difference was found between two groups regarding base line and follow-up ECHO and ECG. Patients with left sided breast cancer and/or hypertension showed significant decline in ejection fraction in both groups P value <0.05. In (Group A) hypertensive patients had a median base line EF 63% which declined to 54% at last follow-up in comparison to non-hypertensive patients who had baseline EF of 65% and declined to 60%. In (Group B) hypertensive patients had a median baseline EF 62% which declined to 54% at last follow-up in comparison to non-hypertensive patients who had baseline EF 64% which declined to 59%. Only one patient died to heart failure patient was 70 years old and had history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. \u0000Conclusion: Hypofractionation radiotherapy in the adjuvant setting for treatment of breast cancer has no additional cardiac toxicity in comparison to normal fractionation technique.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124105386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiolabeled Immunoglobulin Therapy for Patients with Solid Tumors","authors":"N. Khater, M. Kap, R. Sayah, Dimor Elbers, H. Vriesendorp","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000338","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To test the reactivity of monoclonal murine IgM and IgG for Tenascin-C (TNC) in formalinized solid human tumors tissue samples and to estimate the radiation dose that Yttrium- 90 labeled murine IgM reactive with TNC can deliver to a solid tumor and tumor containing draining lymph nodes. \u0000Materials and Methods: Using Immunohistochemistry (IHC), mouse anti-human TNC IgM and IgG clones were tested for the detection of TNC in formalin fixed biopsies of patients with Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), adeno carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas (PaCa)-, breast-, colon-, renal-, ovary- prostate carcinoma, cutaneous-, ocular- melanomas, and Ewing Sarcoma. IHC was performed on all tumors with an n=1, except for PaCa and ocular melanomas, n=11. Monte-Carlo simulation and convolution calculations were used to determine the activity of Y-90 required for delivering 100Gy to a 50 × 50 × 50 mm3 water-equivalent tumor model, assuming a homogeneous distribution of the radioimmunoconjugate throughout the model volume. \u0000Results: IHC has confirmed reactivity of IgM with TNC in all of the tested human solid tumors samples except for ocular melanoma. Positive and negative controls of IgM specificity were used. The dosimetry simulation predicted an Yttrium-90 activity of 217 MBq to deliver a dose of 100Gy to the tumor model with a 6 mm sharp dose fall off in surrounding normal tissues. \u0000Conclusion: Loco-regional control of human solid tumors may be obtained with intra-tumoral administration of radiolabeled IgM targeting TNC. In TNC negative solid tumors such as ocular melanoma, other tumor-specific target(s) need to be identified.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125706140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indexes of Cardiac and LAD Irradiation in Conventional 2-Dimensional (SAD) and 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy Techniques: A Dosimetrical Comparison","authors":"Emami Hamid, A. Ali, Sharhani Refagh, Karamipour Mehdi, Amouheidari Alireza, Raoufi Seyedamir, Shamsah Ali, Monadi Shahram","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000337","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation therapy in breast cancer patients has been shown to reduce local recurrence and improve survival rates. Nevertheless, recent concerns have been raised regarding an increase in cardiac mortality, especially in patients who had been treated with radiation for left-sided breast tumors. Hence, the aim of this study is to estimate doses of irradiation to the heart, LAD coronary artery, and lungs in 2D (SAD) and 3D conformal radio therapy techniques, and to compare the two. Out of 32, 18 to 75 years old females with a diagnosis of non-metastatic breast cancer, who referred from surgery department, went through irradiation in the conventional 2D (SAD) and then 3DCRT using multi-slice CT scans to contour vital organ. Nearly all of the dosimetrical indexes were higher in 3DCRT method. This shows that 2D technique lacks a decent scale to measure cardiac toxicity since its mid-plane CT slice did not give a reliable assessment of cardiac irradiation.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114724766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucinous Noncystic Colloid Carcinoma of the Pancreas with Solitary HepaticMetastasis: A Rare Presentation","authors":"M. Garg, Nidhi Prabhakar, E. Ramamoorthy, R. Srinivasan, A. Duseja, N. Khandelwal","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000336","url":null,"abstract":"Mucinous noncystic (colloid) carcinoma (MNCC) of the pancreas is considered an uncommon variant of ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with specific histopathological and molecular features. We report the CT findings of large area of hypoattenuation and intratumoral calcification in a pathologically proven case of mucinous non-cystic carcinoma of the pancreas. MNCC of the pancreas is a distinct entity that needs to be radiologically differentiated from the ductal adenocarcinoma as usually it has more favorable outcome when compared to the rapidly fatal course of ductal adenocarcinomas. But in our index case, it was associated with a large solitary hepatic metastasis with similar calcific foci, which to the best of our knowledge has not been described in the English literature till date.c","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128940196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}