IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2005.最新文献

{"title":"Use of second order information in the auto regressive moving average technique for the design of linear phase SAW filters","authors":"B. Panwar, Priyanka, S. Joshi","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1603305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1603305","url":null,"abstract":"The design of small size low loss SAW filter utilizes the concept of single phase unidirectionality where the distributed reflectors are superimposed on top of a normal SAW interdigital transducer. The impulse responses for these filters are synthesized using unit cells comprising of withdrawal weighted reflection and transduction centers. The reflecting DART/EWC structures in the design of SAW filters have so far been used to provide the directivity on the acoustic ports for reducing the insertion loss and pass band ripples. In the present work the reflections arising from the DART/EWC structures are used to synthesize the poles in SAW transducer transfer function for implementing IIR transfer function in SAW technology for reducing the size and improving the pass-band and stop band performance of SAW filters. The work describes the use of mixed first and second order information, in the form of a finite portion of its impulse response {h0, h1, ..., hm} and the autocorrelation sequence {r0, r1,...., rn}.","PeriodicalId":302030,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125255640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low voltage operation of 2D ultrasonic arrays for NDT","authors":"K. Streibel, S. Cochran, K. Kirk, D. Cumming, L. Wang, J. Wallace","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1602826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1602826","url":null,"abstract":"The use of ultrasonic array transducers for nondestructive \u0000testing is presently growing rapidly, supported by \u0000the introduction of several new commercial array controllers. \u0000However, practical problems with the flexibility of 1D arrays \u0000have been realized. For example, it is impossible to skew the \u0000beam on curved surfaces without losing acoustic coupling. As \u00002D ultrasonic arrays allow 3D beam steering, including \u0000skewing, they are therefore of major interest for NDT. \u0000However, using conventional excitation voltages of the order \u0000of 200 V with the many elements in 2D arrays is inconvenient. \u0000In contrast, low voltage operation allows direct interfacing \u0000with electronics and low power consumption for portable \u0000systems. In the work reported here, a 2D ultrasonic array has \u0000been produced, with 16 elements in a 4 x 4 matrix, using PZT \u00005A ceramic and epoxy resin for the piezocomposite plate, \u0000with an operating frequency of 1.46 MHz. The element size is \u00001.2 mm x 1.2 mm, and the edge-to-edge separation 0.4 mm. \u0000This array has been tested at excitation voltages of 3.3V. This \u0000evaluation over the arrays includes electro-acoustical \u0000characterizations (pitch-catch and displacement \u0000measurements) and electrical cross-coupling measurements. \u0000The results indicate that arrays made with monolithic \u0000piezocomposite material have much better performance for \u0000NDT than previous similar arrays made with monolithic \u0000ceramic and that low voltage excitation is viable, with low \u0000noise amplification and appropriate data analysis.","PeriodicalId":302030,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2005.","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121846332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A time domain approach for the analysis of periodic structures using finite element analysis","authors":"S. Ballandras, V. Laude, S. Clatot, M. Wilm","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1602863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1602863","url":null,"abstract":"The time domain analysis is an interesting alternative to spectral domain computations for vibrating structures or wave-guides exhibiting short impulse responses. we propose a development allowing for solving periodic transient problems. As for harmonic computations, we mesh only one period of the array and we then apply boundary conditions relating its edges one another. A periodic excitation coefficient similar to the one used in the spectral domain is defined and use to scan all the possible excitation figures. It is then shown how to derive mutual time domain coefficients that describe the way the different cells of the array are coupled together. It is remarkable that in this time domain representation, no singularity arises on the computed signals, yielding very favourable conditions for the derivation of mutual coefficients. but none take into account comprehensive periodic boundary conditions. In this paper, we propose a method to solve periodic transient problems. As in the case of harmonic computations, we mesh only one period of the array and we then apply periodic boundary conditions. A periodic excitation coefficient similar to the one employed in the spectral domain is defined and is used to scan all possible excitation situations. The time excitation is represented by Dirac (or Heaviside) impulses. It is then shown how mutual time domain coefficients can be derived that describe the way the different cells of the array are coupled together. It is remarkable that in this time domain representation, no singularities arise in the computed signals, resulting in very favourable conditions for the derivation of mutual coefficients. This time domain representation may be more accessible for most readers and should provide an efficient approach for the characterization of massively periodic devices with low quality factors. The first section is devoted to the fundamentals of the adopted integration scheme, i.e. the Newmark approach. Results are then reported in the case of a 2-2 piezocomposite structure and also in the case of a 2D micro-machined ultrasonic transducer (MUT) operating in a vacuum. Cross-talk phenomena due to acoustic propagation in these structures are identified thanks to the derivation of their mutual parameters (admittance, front velocity).","PeriodicalId":302030,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2005.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127917458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive thresholding technique for denoising ultrasonic signals","authors":"G. Cardoso, J. Saniie","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1602911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1602911","url":null,"abstract":"In many ultrasonic imaging applications, the signal acquired is embedded in noise, and situations with very small signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are not uncommon. Thus, before any data analysis can be applied to the signal some level of noise removal is necessary. In this paper, we analyze the denoising performance of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT) using an adaptive thresholding function (ATF) that, when applied to DWT, DCT and WHT coefficients, improves the signal-to-noise (SNR) of ultrasonic signals embedded in noise. In particular, the ATF technique is successful in denoising low SNR ultrasonic signals. Furthermore, the ATF approach outperforms the classical techniques when the ultrasonic signal has a low SNR (below 5dB). For signals with uniform noise added to DWT coefficients, the ATF technique achieves SNR improvements around 9dB over the classical thresholding techniques; these improvements are above 10dB for Gaussian noise. �0.5 �0.4 �0.3 �0.2 �0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 �0.5 �0.4 �0.3 �0.2 �0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5","PeriodicalId":302030,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2005.","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121601931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic tissue characterization for the differentiation of parotid gland tumors","authors":"U. Scheipers, S. Siebers, M. Ashfaq, F. Gottwald, A. Bozzato, J. Zenk, H. Iro, H. Ermert","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1602977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1602977","url":null,"abstract":"The first ultrasonic tissue characterization system for the computerized differentiation of tumors of the parotid gland is presented. The system is based on a multifeature tissue charac- terization approach involving spectrum and texture parameters and using fuzzy inference systems as higher order classifiers. Baseband ultrasound echo data were acquired during conven- tional ultrasound imaging examinations of the salivary glands. Several tissue-describing parameters were calculated within numerous small regions of interest in order to evaluate local spectral and textural tissue properties. The parameters were pro- cessed by an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system using the results of conventional histology after parotidectomy as the gold standard. Cases of parotid gland tumors and alterations include basal cell adenomas, monomorphic adenomas, pleomor- phic adenomas, adenoid cysts, cysts and canaliculous adenomas. The results of the classification procedure are presented as a numerical score indicating the probability of a certain tumor or alteration for each parotid gland. In a pilot study, the system was evaluated on 23 cases of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors of patients undergoing parotidectomy. The ROC curve area given as the cross-validation mean and cross-validation standard deviation is AROC=0.95±0.07 when using four-fold cross-validation over cases and differenti- ating between various malignant and benign parotid gland tumors as the positive target group and monomorphic adenomas as the negative target group. An exceptional equal error rate of EEER=0.92±0.08 is achieved for the same setup. Some alterations which are of benign nature were counted to the positive group, as they occur too seldom to achieve a high probability for being considered safe if left untreated.","PeriodicalId":302030,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2005.","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132084071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SAW and optical signal processing","authors":"M. Lewis","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1602972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1602972","url":null,"abstract":"Even in this digital age, SAW and Optical devices remain indispensable analogue signal processing technologies whose operation and success derive from common wave propagation phenomena. In this review I hope to explain why this is so, and will remain so for the foreseeable future. Historically, the development and exploitation of these technologies arose during the Cold War primarily from the military need for an unsurpassed signal processing capability, although both are now widely exploited in civil applications as well. Following the Introduction, this paper briefly reviews the construction, operation, attractions, and selected applications of the SAW devices developed since the invention of the Interdigital Transducer (IDT) in 1965. These devices include delay lines, bandpass filters, and the first SAW device used in anger, the dispersive delay line which was vital to the realisation of pulse compression radar. I shall also review the attractions of SAW oscillators, which I believe still enjoy an opportunity to contribute to the insatiable military need for improved overall stability. Following this I introduce some components and techniques devised by the optics community for signal and image processing since the invention of the laser in 1960, beginning with techniques for pattern recognition and the ingenious technique devised to realise real-time Synthetic Aperture Radar, (SAR) image formation. More recently, the invention and development of laser diodes and fibre optics by the telecommunications industry has led to the realisation of optical signal processing techniques whose functionality is in many respects complementary to that of SAW devices. In particular, optical techniques are now useful for the generation, delay, sampling, and distribution of signals at higher rf frequencies (and bandwidths) than SAW devices, ie at microwave and mm- wave frequencies and above, leading to the modern field of activity known as Microwave Photonics. Some current research topics in this field are described, including stable microwave generation, phased array antenna beamforming, and A/D conversion, each being relevant to future military and civil systems.","PeriodicalId":302030,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2005.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130453367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer effects of induced carriers by SAW","authors":"C. Kaneshiro, K. Koh, K. Hohkawa, K. Nishimura, N. Shigekawa","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1603243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1603243","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigated transport characteristic of photo-induced carriers by traveling surface acoustic wave for GaN film. We fabricated Al IDT electrode on the GaN film with different conductance. By irradiate UV light on the propagating path and induce carriers in the GaN film, we measured output signal at various irradiating conditions. The results indicated possibility to realize functional devices which integrate GaN semiconductor devices and GaN SAW devices.","PeriodicalId":302030,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2005.","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134519474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective method for pulse-wave velocity measurement in the mouse","authors":"R. Williams, A. Needles, E. Chérin, F. Foster, Yu-Qing Zhou, M. Henkelman","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1602874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1602874","url":null,"abstract":"The pulse-wave velocity (PWV) is inversely related to arterial compliance, and provides a useful measure of vascular function. In this study, the PWV was measured non-invasively in the mouse carotid artery using the time-delay (TD) and flow-area (QA) methods. The TD technique determines the distributed PWV from the time-delay between Doppler-derived upstrokes at two locations a known distance apart. The QA method estimates the local PWV as the ratio between the change in volume flow and the change in cross-sectional area during the reflection-free period of the cardiac cycle. Our new QA approach measures the cross-sectional area and flow through the vessel using a high- frame-rate retrospective colour flow imaging (RCFI) technique. The cross-sectional area is determined by integrating over the region of flow in each frame of the RCFI dataset, while the volume flow is calculated by averaging the velocities over the vessel in each frame and multiplying by the corresponding area. The TD method was compared with the flow-area method in the carotid artery of 7 young CD-1 mice, anesthetized with isoflurane. The average TD PWV was found to be 3.03±0.17 m/s. The average QA PWV was found to be 2.97±0.18 m/s. The TD method was found to correlate well with the QA method (r=0.91, p<0.001). The mean difference between the TD method and the QA method was 0.06±0.08 m/s, and 95% of the differences fell within ±0.41±0.20 m/s of the mean difference. These results indicate that the QA method should be capable of distinguishing between changes to PWV caused by vascular disease. It was found that the QA method permits the measurement of the local PWV. The TD method offered superior reliability to the QA method for PWV determination in the mouse carotid artery because it was affected by fewer contextual factors. However, the QA method is useful for situations in which the TD method is unsuitable due to the geometry of the vessel. In this study, we compared a QA method of measuring the PWV with an image-guided TD method in the carotid artery of seven CD-1 mice. The TD technique was used to measure a distributed PWV over the carotid artery from the aortic arch to the bifurcation. The QA method was applied to determine the local PWV at the midsection of the carotid. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of the QA method against the TD method and to demonstrate a simple image-based methodology for performing PWV measurements. Determination of the most reliable PWV estimation method will be useful in a future longitudinal study of vascular development in transgenic mice.","PeriodicalId":302030,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2005.","volume":"606 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134164363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of fast-scanning laser probe system based on knife-edge method for diagnosis of rf surface acoustic wave devices","authors":"H. Kamizuma, K. Hashimoto, T. Omori, M. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1603168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1603168","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the development of a high- speed laser probe system for surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. A fast scanning rate of 2.5 kS/s is realized by continuous stage translation and successive acquisition of the detector output by a high-speed data-logger. Trigger pulses are generated from the output of a high-precision linear- scale installed in the translation stage and fed to the data- logger for the synchronization with the stage movement. The phase-sensitive knife-edge method is employed for the optical detection. This makes the system very unsusceptible to low-frequency mechanical vibration caused by the fast stage translation. The system is applied for the characterization of spurious resonance modes in SAW devices. In conjunction with skillful use of image processing in wavenumber domain, it is shown how the present system is effective in the diagnosis and development of SAW devices.","PeriodicalId":302030,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2005.","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134317153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive energy harvesting from mechanical vibration using a circular piezoelectric membrane","authors":"M. Ericka, D. Vasić, F. Costa, G. Poulain","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1603007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2005.1603007","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we have investigated the capability of harvesting electrical energy from mechanical vibrations in a dynamic environment thanks to a circular piezoelectric membrane transducer. We have established an electromechanical model to predict the ability of the transducer to produce electricity. We have expressed a direct relation between the voltage able to be harvested and the acceleration of the surrounding vibrations. We have performed experiments to validate our model with a macroscopic 25 mm diameter piezoelectric membrane.","PeriodicalId":302030,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 2005.","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134373060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}