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[100 years of conflict about schizophrenias]. [关于精神分裂症的100年冲突]。
Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1995-01-01
D Hell
{"title":"[100 years of conflict about schizophrenias].","authors":"D Hell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A systematic concept of a homogeneous group of psychoses, which Eugen Bleuler subsequently termed \"Schizophrenia\", goes back to Emil Kraepelin initially, in fact it has not existed for more than 100 years. The dynamics inherent in its history show that it is advisable to make allowance for contemporary influences when arriving at conclusions on schizophrenia in our times. The article in question presents a brief review of the origins and the historic development of the concept of schizophrenia, and attempts to set the present-day \"neo-kraepelian\" re-assessment of schizophrenic disorders in a modifying historic context.</p>","PeriodicalId":30134,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":"146 5","pages":"189-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19634243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Psychotherapy with violent neurotic patients]. [暴力神经病患者的心理治疗]。
Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1995-01-01
C Kläui
{"title":"[Psychotherapy with violent neurotic patients].","authors":"C Kläui","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper presents a model of interactional processes for analytical psychotherapy with violent neurotic patients. The starting point is a special situation of transference related to the negative therapeutic reaction: The interaction is reduced to the demand for being satisfied immediately by the therapist. A model of the conditions for the emerging of violent acting out is developed and the structure of transference with violent neurotic patients is exposed. Special difficulties in the managing of transference and the technique of interventions are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":30134,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":"146 3","pages":"126-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18492517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Identity crisis and training of psychiatrists]. [身份危机与精神科医生的培训]。
Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1995-01-01
J Guimón
{"title":"[Identity crisis and training of psychiatrists].","authors":"J Guimón","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A trend towards remedicalization in Psychiatry has become apparent in the 80's and 90's. Most psychiatrists tend however to maintain an eclectic attitude, although a few manifest a clear identity crisis leading sometimes to an hyperidentification with one of the psychiatric theoretical models. The training programs for psychiatric residents should take into consideration two important factors in the building up of the professional identity of the future psychiatrists: the tendency of the residents to identify with the ideology of their teachers and the modelling effect of the different types of clinical activities on the theoretical approach of the clinician.</p>","PeriodicalId":30134,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":"146 3","pages":"137-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18492519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Effectiveness of psychiatric day clinic treatment. An empirical study from the psychiatric service of the Thun regional hospital]. 精神科日间门诊治疗的有效性。来自图恩地区医院精神科服务的实证研究]。
Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1995-01-01
B Heitger, W Saameli
{"title":"[Effectiveness of psychiatric day clinic treatment. An empirical study from the psychiatric service of the Thun regional hospital].","authors":"B Heitger,&nbsp;W Saameli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a part of a new community mental health service in a non-university region this intermediary institution questioned its effectiveness. We wanted to know whether rehabilitative goals were attained at all and whether achieved changes would persist a certain time beyond discharge. With the use of goal attainment scaling changes in relation to goals defined in the beginning of the treatment were rated at the end of it and again one year after discharge. The psychologist who took care of these 46 catamnestic interviews had not been personally involved in the treatment. The positive results regarding \"job situation\" and \"social contacts\" as well as the immutability of \"lodging situation\" and the incapacity to keep up with the realization of \"spare time interests\" after discharge are discussed. The reflections are made within the frame of different levels of evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":30134,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":"146 1","pages":"33-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18795532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Initial symptomatology of Parkinson disease]. 【帕金森病的初始症状学】。
Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1995-01-01
P Fuhr, D Maritz, J Bernatik, A J Steck
{"title":"[Initial symptomatology of Parkinson disease].","authors":"P Fuhr,&nbsp;D Maritz,&nbsp;J Bernatik,&nbsp;A J Steck","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (idiopathic parkinsonism) is important for two reasons. Some never drugs possibly have a neuroprotective effect, which can be utilized maximally only with early onset of treatment. Moreover, diagnostic mistakes may occur early in the course of the disease. Although the hallmark of Parkinson's disease is a syndrome of movement disorders, slight cognitive deficits, depression, or pain with or without paresthesias can be present at an early stage. Therefore, symptoms at the time of the first diagnosis and at the beginning of the first clinical manifestation of Parkinson's disease are often not identical. The diagnosis can be made only clinically, since no biological marker is available up to now. However, in unclear cases pharmacological tests constitute a valuable extension of the clinical examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":30134,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":"146 4","pages":"175-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19512754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Therapy of epilepsy: trends and effectiveness of new anticonvulsants]. [癫痫的治疗:新抗惊厥药的趋势和疗效]。
Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1995-01-01
G Scollo-Lavizzari, A Marugg
{"title":"[Therapy of epilepsy: trends and effectiveness of new anticonvulsants].","authors":"G Scollo-Lavizzari,&nbsp;A Marugg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>New antiepileptic drugs such as vigabatrin, lamotrigine, gabapentin, oxcarbazepine and felbamate have been lately marketed. This article provides an overview, showing known modes of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, tolerability, interactions and indications. A table showing selected data of antiepileptic drugs is included.</p>","PeriodicalId":30134,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":"146 4","pages":"168-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19512753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Neurobiology of schizophrenia]. [精神分裂症的神经生物学]。
Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1995-01-01
F A Henn
{"title":"[Neurobiology of schizophrenia].","authors":"F A Henn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper schizophrenia is taken to be a collection of diseases with similar pathological features, including the core Bleulerian symptoms. The aim is to see how far current research can specify the anatomical regions which are functionally defective in schizophrenia and what transmitter systems may be involved. It appears schizophrenic brains show a tendency toward fewer cells in the temporal region, including limbic system as well as the thalamus. Functional deficits are seen in the dorsolateral frontal cortex, as well as thalamus suggesting a cortical-thalamic-striatal pathway. It is clear that Dopamine disregulation in this pathway leads to psychotic symptoms but probably does not account for the ambivalence, affective blunting or asocial behavior. GABA lesions prenatally could lead to glutamate over activity with potential toxic consequences after puberty leading to a plausible hypothesis as to the central neurochemical defect in schizophrenia, this hypothesis is elaborated.</p>","PeriodicalId":30134,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":"146 5","pages":"224-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19634248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The ego/self experience of schizophrenic patients]. [精神分裂症患者的自我/自我体验]
Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1995-01-01
C Scharfetter
{"title":"[The ego/self experience of schizophrenic patients].","authors":"C Scharfetter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The self experience of schizophrenics (i.e. their ego-pathology) is conceptualized in a theoretical model of five basic dimensions of ego consciousness (identity, activity, demarcation, consistence/coherence, vitality). A systematic empirical study uses the Ego-pathology-Inventory (with 53 items, Interraterreliability Kappa 0.9, Retestreliability 0.65). The study population consists of 552 schizophrenics, 25 borderline personality disorders, 87 depressive disorders. Ego-pathology clearly differs the three diagnostic groups. Confirmatory factorial analysis allows to accept the theoretical model. Various external measurements correlate with ego pathology. Three empirical syndromes resulted from statistical search for data-structures. A series of arguments for validation of the concept allow the conclusion the the proposed ego pathology concept is a viable approach for empirically studying the experimental core of the schizophrenias.</p>","PeriodicalId":30134,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":"146 5","pages":"200-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19634245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Status of the discussion regarding cost-effectiveness of community psychiatry and inpatient psychiatry]. [关于社区精神病学和住院精神病学成本效益的讨论现状]。
Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1995-01-01
H D Brenner
{"title":"[Status of the discussion regarding cost-effectiveness of community psychiatry and inpatient psychiatry].","authors":"H D Brenner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the current climate of escalating health care costs and shrinking resources, higher priority is also being given to the relation between costs and benefits of reform efforts and further developments of existing service delivery systems in the field of mental health. Some proponents of community psychiatry have predicted in a pointed manner that a change in the allocation of resources in favor of community-based care would dramatically decrease the need for hospital beds, cost half as much and be clinically at least as efficacious as inpatient treatment. The author gives careful consideration to these postulates based on today's available literature and on his own experiences in Mannheim and in Bern. He presents an array of newer findings which places them in perspective and to some extent contradicts them as well. Recent studies on the effects of an expansion of outpatient treatment programs on the overall mental health delivery system suggest that in areas with already reasonably developed community services its further enhancement rarely has an effect on the number of admissions to and length of hospital stays. In addition, the postulate that community care is considerably less costly only holds if in- and outpatient facilities are not considered to be integral parts of a comprehensive system of mental health care which both serve different purposes. Accordingly, the question of the effectiveness of treatment must also be discussed very distinctively. Although a network of well-functioning community-based services is (not yet) a veritable alternative, it can by all means, however, serve as a useful counterpart to the intensive treatment offered in modern mental institutions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":30134,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":"146 1","pages":"24-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18795530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Changes in regional and local brain circulation in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm]. [动脉瘤破裂所致蛛网膜下腔出血患者区域和局部脑循环的变化]。
Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry Pub Date : 1995-01-01
M N Nemati, H Dietz
{"title":"[Changes in regional and local brain circulation in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm].","authors":"M N Nemati,&nbsp;H Dietz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well known that cerebral blood flow (CBF) is altered corresponding to the severity of the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in different extents. The extent of CBF reduction and its regional accentuation is regarded as a pathophysiological correlation of clinical conditions. Therefore, we agree that CBF of patients in grade IV+V (Hunt and Hess) are clearly lower than in grade I+II. There are quite different results in grade III. Disturbance of consciousness and/or neurological deficits, as described in the definition of grade III, can be a consequence of different kinds of CBF changes. 45 Xe-CT studies were performed on 19 patients (mean age 44 +/- 14 years) after SAH. 8 patients were of grade I+II, 7 of grade III, and 4 patients of grade IV+V. The studies were performed preoperatively, at a time of clinical change, and before discharge. The evaluation of flow-maps was done by measuring 15 regions per hemisphere. Mean CBF data were evaluated in each area. To show the CBF differences between both hemispheres within each group of patients, a difference index (%) was calculated. The results demonstrated a mean CBF reduction in nearly all regions from grade I+II to grade III up to grade IV+V. The mean CBF reduction between grade I+II and grade III was 10% for gray and 20% for white matter (p < 0.05). On the other hand the difference index of gray matter in grade III with 17% is significantly higher than in grade I+II. For the white matter there was no significant side difference. Our findings demonstrate a visually evaluable pattern of CBF corresponding to grade I+II, grade III, and grade I+V. Intention of this study was to show a correlation between clinical conditions of patients after SAH and the CBF changes by the use of Xe-CT method.</p>","PeriodicalId":30134,"journal":{"name":"Swiss Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry","volume":"146 6","pages":"256-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19833402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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