Community Economies in the Global South最新文献

An Introduction 介绍

Community Economies in the Global South Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0001

Caroline Shenaz Hossein, P. J. Christabell

{"title":"An Introduction","authors":"Caroline Shenaz Hossein, P. J. Christabell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This collection is about mutual aid and thoughtful and deliberate forms of economic cooperation. This expertise in cooperative-building is not a new thing, and people of the Global South have a long legacy of self-help and cooperation from within. The money cooperatives known as rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) are living proof that diverse solidarity economies do exist. People organizing ROSCAs draw on their own lived experience to come together to remake business that is equitable and mindful of the systemic biases that exist in a society. Case studies around the world show that ROSCAs may vary in structure and operation, but they have common characteristics that make them unique: decidedly informal, democratic, and locally owned cooperatives focused on strengthening solidarity and community economies. Community economies is embedded in the commoning experience of people everywhere and local knowledges point to this experience. There is a shared understanding that business and social exclusion exists, and that ROSCAs and other forms of economic cooperation rooted in self-help, activism, and the collective are able to push for ethical community-focused businesses.","PeriodicalId":300977,"journal":{"name":"Community Economies in the Global South","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116656042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Stokvels

Community Economies in the Global South Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0006

A. Armstrong

{"title":"Stokvels","authors":"A. Armstrong","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Stokvels are the South African rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs). Stovkvels aim to empower rural Black women whose economic lives are often precarious, and who have a hard time accessing formal capital from banks. The historical experience of apartheid has made the use of Stokvels essential to life for many South Africans. Stokvels are ROSCAs or banking cooperatives carried out informally by members who know one another for mutual benefit. The chapter gives a brief snapshot of the issues prevailing in modern-day South Africa. It also presents the role and the significance of its small, medium-, and micro-enterprise (SMME) sector. The author documents the challenges South Africans face, particularly Black women, who have traditionally been marginalized socially and excluded economically. It is argued that Stokvels promotes social justice in South Africa for women with their range and variety as they are communal financial enterprises benefitting both the individual and the community. This work draws on community - economies ideas, as well as literature from South Africa, to locate the need for Black South Africans to use alternative banks to meet their needs. The chapter concludes by examining how Stokvels—and their billions of rand—might be mobilized to create a more humane and collective economy.","PeriodicalId":300977,"journal":{"name":"Community Economies in the Global South","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121660679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Keralite Women’s Collective Finance in South India 印度南部喀拉拉特妇女集体财政

Community Economies in the Global South Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0011

P. J. Christabell

{"title":"Keralite Women’s Collective Finance in South India","authors":"P. J. Christabell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Kerala has had a long legacy of self-help groups and cooperatives, from the 1800s in the British Raj to modern-day India. In the 1990s, various self-help-group movements emerged and spread throughout the landscape in an unimagined momentum to reach financially excluded poor women. Affirmative actions by governments played a significant role in all these developments, as conscious efforts were taken to intervene in financial markets. One good example is Kudumbashree, where an anti-poverty and women-empowerment program was implemented by the State Poverty Eradication Mission of the Government of Kerala. Conscientious, progressive government policies engaged women’s groups to rethink formal finance. Tracing the timeline, however, shows that this is not the first such event in the regional economy. Chit funds are the indigenous rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs), and were widely prevalent in all the cultural milieu of society, cutting across caste, religion, economic class, and gender, thus penetrating deeply into the minds and hearts of the people. However, with the rise of ROSCAs during an era of modernization came serious challenges, with new issues of defaults and corruption. People’s power, coupled with local democratic movements, forced the state governments to take up the self-help-group cause and to regulate ROSCAs in the formal economy. In this paper, the whole evolution from informal collectives called Chit to formal Chit banks is tracked. This formalization of ROSCAs protects the users and sends a powerful message that ROSCAs belong side-by-side with diverse financial systems.","PeriodicalId":300977,"journal":{"name":"Community Economies in the Global South","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130859675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Arisan

Community Economies in the Global South Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0009

Ririn Haryani, K. Dombroski

{"title":"Arisan","authors":"Ririn Haryani, K. Dombroski","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Arisan is an Indonesian economic practice which has been in existence for hundreds of years, and is believed to have been brought to Indonesia by Chinese merchants interacting with the Orang Asli Indigenous people. It has primarily been a financing and social activity for women. The rules of the practice are that each member of the group puts in the same amount of money each at meeting, and each member gets one turn “winning” the collective sum. The round is finished when everyone has received the money. As a part of a set of traditional practices of helping each other (gotong royong), the Arisan member may ask the round winner to swap their turn in any emergency situation, so he/she can access the money without any interest paid. While anthropologist Clifford Geertz describes Arisan as a middle rung in an economy moving from traditional to capitalist, we argue it continues to provide valuable financial support to women in contemporary times. It is also a platform for women in the community to meet, to share concerns and thoughts, and to care for each other. This chapter, through interviews with women in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, aims to show women’s continuing contributions to an economy of care through Arisan, and the contribution of Arisan to alternative economies beyond capitalist markets and development programs. Arisan does this by enabling and preserving different forms of economic subjectivity beyond that of the “rational economic man,” performing caring, relational, and collective economic subjects.","PeriodicalId":300977,"journal":{"name":"Community Economies in the Global South","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123686492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Mother, Here Is Your Stone 妈妈，这是你的石头

Community Economies in the Global South Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0005

S. Bonsu

引用次数: 0

Money Pools (Hụi/Họ) in the Mekong Delta 湄公河三角洲的资金池(Hụi/ hmi)

Community Economies in the Global South Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0010

N. Dao

{"title":"Money Pools (Hụi/Họ) in the Mekong Delta","authors":"N. Dao","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Across Vietnam, and for poor people in particular, there is demand for loans that are below market rates and less risky than those given by private lenders. The rural financial sector in Vietnam presently has three sub-sectors: formal, semi-formal, and informal. All of these sub-sectors have provided poor households with microfinance services in different forms and approaches. While examining rural finance in Vietnam in general, this chapter pays particular attention to one aspect of it—the informal sub-sector. Through hundreds of years, informal saving has existed in every corner of Vietnam, from rural to urban, and is getting more diversified in its structure. However, until 2006, rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) were not recognized as legal activities. While ROSCAs or money pools have brought positive results to a number of people, they have also been seen as an evidence of trust degradation and a rotten morality in many other cases. Based on interviews with local people, focus-group discussions, and government and non-governmental organization (NGO) documents, the authors examined the ROSCAs system in Vietnam. Findings show how popular ROSCAs have been in rural Vietnam, especially in the Mekong Delta, and that even though incidents happen, ROSCAs remain a good way for women in that region to create an income and to help their families out of poverty. This practice will keep proliferating through time, and help strengthen tight connections among local communities.","PeriodicalId":300977,"journal":{"name":"Community Economies in the Global South","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122694932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Community Building and Ubuntu 社区建设和Ubuntu

Community Economies in the Global South Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0007

Haddy Njie

引用次数: 0

A Quiet Resistance 无声的抵抗

Community Economies in the Global South Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0008

I. Rado, Seri Thongmak

引用次数: 0

Caribbean Women’s Use of Susu, Partner, Sol, and Boxhand as Quiet Resistance 加勒比妇女使用Susu, Partner, Sol和Boxhand作为安静的抵抗

Community Economies in the Global South Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0003

Caroline Shenaz Hossein

{"title":"Caribbean Women’s Use of Susu, Partner, Sol, and Boxhand as Quiet Resistance","authors":"Caroline Shenaz Hossein","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Mutual aid and coming together has been a way of life for the African diaspora since enslavement and the legacy of it that continues in everyday life. The Black diaspora, and especially Black women, contend with vile forms of racism and exclusion in business and society, but this is not what defines Blacks in the Americas. This chapter focuses on Caribbean women who organize rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs), which are cooperative banking systems embedded in social relationships. This work draws on J. K. Gibson-Graham’s community economies theory, as well as Caribbean and Black liberation theories, to understand the business exclusion of Black women. The empirical interviews with hundreds of Black Caribbean women in Jamaica, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, and Haiti show the purposeful way in which they organize ROSCAs to be considerate of people’s social lives in relation to their business needs. These women, in choosing cooperation, are quietly resisting commercial and individualized forms of banking. In this chapter, the author argues that Caribbean women organize Susu, Sol, Partner, and Boxhand, all names for ROSCAs, use banking cooperatives alongside conventional banks as a way to quietly push against commercial and elitist financial institutions.","PeriodicalId":300977,"journal":{"name":"Community Economies in the Global South","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122317145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alajo Shomolu

Community Economies in the Global South Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198865629.003.0004

Salewa Olawoye-Mann

引用次数: 0