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Theory and Practice of Forensic Science最新文献

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On the Issue of Environmental Forensic Subtheory 论环境法医亚理论问题
Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-115-119
N. V. Mikhaleva
{"title":"On the Issue of Environmental Forensic Subtheory","authors":"N. V. Mikhaleva","doi":"10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-115-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-115-119","url":null,"abstract":"At this point many of the concepts of environmental forensics have been theoretically elaborated, however its subtheory is yet to be developed. The article addresses the concept and subject of the environmental forensic subtheory. The author demonstrates that the subject, object and tasks of environmental forensics are not accordingly the subject, object and tasks of the environmental forensic subtheory: within the framework of the subtheory the regularities of the general theory of forensic examination regarding the environmental investigations are revealed. The author also proposes the definition of the subject of the environmental forensic subtheory, establishes its place as a part of the theory of expert diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":300595,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128122300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Expert Study of Issues Related to the Calculation and Payment of Wages and Other Payments Established by Law: Guidelines 关于工资和法律规定的其他付款的计算和支付问题的专家研究:准则
Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-72-95
М. М. Vinogradova, N. N. Bondar’
{"title":"Expert Study of Issues Related to the Calculation and Payment of Wages and Other Payments Established by Law: Guidelines","authors":"М. М. Vinogradova, N. N. Bondar’","doi":"10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-72-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-72-95","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300595,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122681447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Capabilities of the Chromatek-DHA Software for Determining the Quality of Automobile Gasoline chroreek - dha软件测定车用汽油质量的能力
Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-38-49
O. Samoilova
{"title":"Capabilities of the Chromatek-DHA Software for Determining the Quality of Automobile Gasoline","authors":"O. Samoilova","doi":"10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-38-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-38-49","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses factors able to influence the results of determining the performance characteristics of gasoline using calculation methods. The author presents the results of a study of three brands of automobile gasoline conducted by means of gas-liquid chromatography with Chromatek-DHA software. The calculated operational characteristics of gasoline have been compared with the results of their analysis by standardized methods. The article demonstrates the possibility of using data on the group hydrocarbon composition in solving expert identification tasks regarding automobile gasoline that has not been exposed to external factors.","PeriodicalId":300595,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124335255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Word-for-Word Transcription of Conversations as a Task of Forensic Audio Analysis 作为法医音频分析任务的逐字对话转录
Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-6-15
O. O. Vlasov, V. O. Kuznetshov, T. Svirava, S. B. Shavykina
{"title":"Word-for-Word Transcription of Conversations as a Task of Forensic Audio Analysis","authors":"O. O. Vlasov, V. O. Kuznetshov, T. Svirava, S. B. Shavykina","doi":"10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-6-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-6-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300595,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133544249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the Criteria for Evaluating an Expert's Opinion and Forensic Methods by Participants in the Legal Proceedings 论诉讼参与人评价专家意见和司法鉴定方法的标准
Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-27-37
P. Giverts, A. Griber, A. V. Kokin
{"title":"On the Criteria for Evaluating an Expert's Opinion and Forensic Methods by Participants in the Legal Proceedings","authors":"P. Giverts, A. Griber, A. V. Kokin","doi":"10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-27-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-27-37","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of assessing the reliability of experts’ opinions are common for Russian and Anglo-Saxon legal proceedings. In the Russian legislation there are no legal norms or regulated rules defining this procedure. At the same time, in the USA there is Rule 702 “Expert Witness Testimony” of the Federal Code of Evidence which establishes four criteria that courts should consider when assessing the admissibility of the testimony of a forensic expert. Besides, based on court decisions, Fry and Daubert standards have been adopted. They determine criteria for methods used in conducting forensic examination in the United States. The article analyzes and evaluates the compliance of expert methods applied in Russia with the Fry and Daubert standards. The analysis shows that not all methods meet the criteria of Daubert standard. In particular, the structures of the so-called subjective methods do not provide calculations of a known or potential error rate as well as a mechanism for monitoring the conduct of various stages of a study. The article also discusses other foreign projects aimed at minimizing erroneous conclusions and reforming the system of forensic examination: the Innocence project, reports prepared by the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS report) and the US Presidential Council for Science and Technology (PCAST report). The authors believe that it is essential for the Russian legislation to develop criteria for evaluating experts’ opinions, research methods and scientific validity of the obtained results as well as the to formulate the appropriate norms.","PeriodicalId":300595,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125756571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tasks of Comprehesvie Forensic Environmental and Construction Examination 综合法医环境与建筑检验任务
Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-16-26
A. Butyrin, E. Stativa, N. V. Mikhaleva
{"title":"Tasks of Comprehesvie Forensic Environmental and Construction Examination","authors":"A. Butyrin, E. Stativa, N. V. Mikhaleva","doi":"10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-16-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2022-1-16-26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":300595,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132445444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Bias in Forensic Examination 司法鉴定的偏颇
Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2021-4-6-16
A. V. Kokin
{"title":"Bias in Forensic Examination","authors":"A. V. Kokin","doi":"10.30764/1819-2785-2021-4-6-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2021-4-6-16","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses various aspects of the influence of bias on the formation of conclusions of a forensic expert. The author highlights that the negative effect of bias is especially significant in identification examinations, where the conclusions are based on subjective interpretations of the results of marks comparison (toolmark, fingerprint, firearms examinations, and others). The author also notes that there is no clear border between objectivity and subjectivity in forensic examinations. All types of forensic examinations exist in an objective-subjective continuum, which causes different conclusions’ reliability. Since subjectivity is the basis for bias formation, minimizing its impact can be achieved in several ways – increasing the “transparency” of documenting the research process, technical analysis and verification of an expert’s opinion, applying quantitative criteria for evaluating the matching features in the compared marks. The most logical way to reduce the influence of bias is to eliminate the causes that give rise to this phenomenon. These are the excessive contextual information provided to the expert, the expert’s deviation from the requirements of methodological recommendations in examining the objects, and various external and internal influences.","PeriodicalId":300595,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science","volume":"27 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115747318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Pages of History of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation 俄罗斯联邦司法部俄罗斯联邦法医科学中心的历史页
Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2021-4-122-129
L. P. Morozov
{"title":"The Pages of History of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation","authors":"L. P. Morozov","doi":"10.30764/1819-2785-2021-4-122-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2021-4-122-129","url":null,"abstract":"The author dedicates this article to the 60th anniversary of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. He observes the “academic biography” of the Centre and the prerequisites for the emergence of its forensic scholarly tradition. The article also clarifies the features of the scientific school, whereby the scientific community of scientists of the Center received the status of a scientific school and the period of its occurrence.","PeriodicalId":300595,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123032598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Features of the Analysis of the Used Non-Food and Food Commodities in Forensic Commodity Examination 法医商品检验中使用过的非食品和食品商品分析的特点
Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2021-4-57-63
N. A. Khlebnikova
{"title":"Features of the Analysis of the Used Non-Food and Food Commodities in Forensic Commodity Examination","authors":"N. A. Khlebnikova","doi":"10.30764/1819-2785-2021-4-57-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2021-4-57-63","url":null,"abstract":"The article reviews the main stages of the forensic commodity analysis of the objects losing in quality and cost up to 100 % to determine their market value. Based on specific examples, various situations of value determination for industrial and food products are analyzed: 1)  used hosiery; 2) dumplings with damaged packaging. The author reviews the algorithm of solving the task assigned to the expert, the course of the study. The article also indicates specific regulatory and technical documents, ensuring expert conclusions’ correctness and validity. ","PeriodicalId":300595,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121477028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Models for Integration of Psychological and Linguistic Knowledge in Complex Forensic Examinations 心理学和语言学知识在复杂法医检验中的整合模型
Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2021-4-72-82
T. N. Sekerazh
{"title":"Models for Integration of Psychological and Linguistic Knowledge in Complex Forensic Examinations","authors":"T. N. Sekerazh","doi":"10.30764/1819-2785-2021-4-72-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2021-4-72-82","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents complex forensic psychological and linguistic examination models developed basing on various kinds of integration of psychological and linguistic knowledge in solving typical expert tasks. Based on forensic expertise, expert practice, methodological developments in complex, as well as psychological and psychiatric examinations, the author describes the following types of studies: a sequential complex of examinations, parallel complex examination, complex sequential analysis, sequential-parallel complex study.The author also illustrates the sequence of the use and integration of the results of applying specialized knowledge with particular examples.","PeriodicalId":300595,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134455025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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