Theory and Practice of Forensic Science最新文献_第2页

Modern Capacities, Methods, and Means of Forensic Construction Investigations 现代法医建筑调查的能力、方法和手段

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-12-29

А.Ю. Бутырин, Е.Б. Статива, A. Butyrin, E. Stativa

{"title":"Modern Capacities, Methods, and Means of Forensic Construction Investigations","authors":"А.Ю. Бутырин, Е.Б. Статива, A. Butyrin, E. Stativa","doi":"10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-12-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-12-29","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the issues of applying specific research methods in forensic construction examinations. The authors propose a classification of methods and means based on various criteria, including the impact on objects and the principles of operation. The specifics of their use in field and laboratory research have also been considered. The authors pay special attention to the use of drones for expert inspections of construction sites and associated land plots. In addition, the following methods have been presented in detail: physical and mechanical (elemental, chemical, mineralogical, phase analysis), physical (thermal analysis method), physical and chemical (instrumental methods), mechanical non-destructive methods (methods based on Fizdel, Kashkarov and Schmidt hammers), mechanical destructive methods (using test presses, bursting machines, tensile testing devices), acoustic (ultrasonic, ground-penetrating radar), electro-physical (magnetic, electric, and electromagnetic), radiation (X-ray and gamma-ray), radio wave, thermal, holographic, computer tomography, and calculation methods. It is shown that a timely replenishment of a construction-expert’s instrumental arsenal with modern methods and techniques of examination based on the latest scientific and technological advances guarantees sustainable development of forensic construction examinations as one of the most demanded areas of expert activity in Russian legal proceedings.","PeriodicalId":300595,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116177045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Situational Expert Studies: Problems of Theory and Practice 情境专家研究:理论与实践问题

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-38-44

A. Svetlichny

{"title":"Situational Expert Studies: Problems of Theory and Practice","authors":"A. Svetlichny","doi":"10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-38-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-38-44","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of combating criminal activity cannot be considered in isolation from the situational approach, which is the most general and universal when assessing various social phenomena. The article argues for the importance of using this approach in forensic examination, since in cases when one is uncertain if the crime has indeed been commited and there is insufficient information obtained by the investigation, only an expert can assist the criminal proceedings. Basing on the analysis of investigative and expert practice, interviews with investigators and experts, the author concludes that at present situational analysis is rarely appointed. However, the author argues that its potential for obtaining essential evidentiary information is significant, as can be seen from the examples of past expert practice. The article also highlights some terminological issues regarding the naming of this expertise: scientists use such terms as “situational”, “situationological”, “crime mechanism analysis”, “crime scene expertise”, but they are not always used as synonyms. From the standpoint of the norms and rules of terminology, the author gives some recommendations for resolving this methodological problem. The article was written applying the fundamental principles of dialectic materialism, as well as general and specific methods of scientific knowledge, including historical and comparative, legal, logical and philosophical, generalizations, descriptions, and others. The scientific and practical significance of this work is determined by the formulated provisions and conclusions, determining the value and role of situational expertise in the practice of solving and investigating crimes. The theoretical significance lies in the development and justification of a number of recommendations regarding the terminology used in situational expert studies. ","PeriodicalId":300595,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115304751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the Issue of the Necessity to Comply with the Requirements of Legislation on the Production of Forensic Expertise and Procedural Expert Errors 论司法鉴定产生的立法必要性与程序性鉴定错误问题

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-62-67

N. V. Mikhaleva

引用次数: 0

On Some Issues of Analyzing Handwriting Objects Submitted for Examination in Electronic Form 电子送检笔迹分析的若干问题

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-54-61

В.Э. Яскина, П.И. Лакеев, Л.М. Круглов, Valentina E. Yaskina, Pavel I. Lakeev, Leonid M. Kruglov

引用次数: 0

Identifying the Signs of the AUE Extremist Organization: Linguo-Criminological and Socio-Psychological Aspects 识别AUE极端组织的特征:语言-犯罪学和社会心理学方面

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-68-77

Е.Н. Рядчикова, Е.А. Белан, Elena N. Ryadchikova, E. Belan

{"title":"Identifying the Signs of the AUE Extremist Organization: Linguo-Criminological and Socio-Psychological Aspects","authors":"Е.Н. Рядчикова, Е.А. Белан, Elena N. Ryadchikova, E. Belan","doi":"10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-68-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-68-77","url":null,"abstract":" In a number of Internet sources, including Wikipedia, and even in some scientific papers, the role of AUE organization ([Ares’tantskoe urka’ganskoe e’dinstvo] – “Prisoner unity” or [Ares’tantskij uk’lad e’din] – “Unified prisoner order”) is quite underestimated. There the AUE is reduced exclusively to the pranks of teenagers aged 13-17 who merely imitate the criminal environment in form, but not in essence. From such explanations it is impossible to understand why this organization has been declared extremist and its activities are prohibited at the state level. Moreover, public danger of the AUE and harmful influence on one’s social adaptive processes remain unclear. The materials considered prove, that the AUE movement is highly destructive. The article reveals the origins and principles of existence of the banned AUE organization, the features of its structural organization, and presents an expanded list of criteria for this criminal extremist community. The authors also provide examples of characteristic words and expressions that mark one’s belonging to the AUE. The specific features of citizens belonging to the AUE organization, their social and speech activities identified by the authors contribute to the qualification of controversial materials and texts as extremist and can be used by law enforcement practitioners involved in identifying such facts.","PeriodicalId":300595,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124122872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Specific Methodological Approach for Establishing and Verifying Cause in Forensic Examination 司法鉴定中确定和确认原因的具体方法方法

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-45-53

Фарит Аминев, С.А. Замятин, F. G. Aminev, Sergei A. Zamyatin

引用次数: 1

Traditional Approaches and Innovations in Forensic Activities 传统方法和创新的法医活动

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-78-88

Г.Г. Омельянюк, Ш.Н. Хазиев, Y. D. Denisov, Irena A. Lapina, G. G. Omel’yanyuk, S. N. Khaziev

{"title":"Traditional Approaches and Innovations in Forensic Activities","authors":"Г.Г. Омельянюк, Ш.Н. Хазиев, Y. D. Denisov, Irena A. Lapina, G. G. Omel’yanyuk, S. N. Khaziev","doi":"10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-78-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-78-88","url":null,"abstract":" The article deals with the issues of formation, use and implementation of approaches and methods that have both traditional and innovative character from the scientific perspective into expert practice. The experience of the scientific school of the Federal State Budgetary Institution – Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation – in forming the basics of forensic expertise, developing relevant methodological materials, and introducing new types of forensic examination into expert practice is considered. The necessity of innovation development in the activities of forensic institutions, including accreditation, standardization, certification, creation and functioning of management system, the application of a risk-oriented approach is demonstrated. Prospects for the formation and development of land surveying, mineralogical, molecular-genetic, political scientific, religious scientific, ethics expertise, as well as labor safety and occupational health expertise within the system of forensic institutions under the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation are outlined. Ways to improve educational activities for public and private forensic experts are presented. The authors also discussed the prospects for the development of management system, standardization, accreditation, and the introduction of the risk-based approach to improve the quality and reduce the time of forensic examinations.","PeriodicalId":300595,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134286597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Concept of the Subtheory of Forensic Transport Examination 法医运输检验的子理论概念

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2023-1-22-29

N. N. Ilyin

引用次数: 0

The Language of the Linguistic Expert’s Opinion 语言专家意见的语言

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2023-1-6-15

V. O. Kuznetsov

引用次数: 0

Unification and Standardization of the Training of a Forensic Expert as a Necessary Component of the Reform of Forensic Activities 统一、规范司法鉴定人员培训是司法改革的必要组成部分

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.30764/1819-2785-2023-1-69-75

M. Zhizhina

引用次数: 0