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APPAREND AND TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY OF HIGH PROTEIN SUNFLOWER MEAL IN BALANCE EXPERIMENTS WITH ROOSTERS 高蛋白葵花籽粕在公鸡体内的表观代谢能和真代谢能平衡试验
Trakia Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15547/tjs.2022.01.004
S. Chobanova, D. Penkov
{"title":"APPAREND AND TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY OF HIGH PROTEIN SUNFLOWER MEAL IN BALANCE EXPERIMENTS WITH ROOSTERS","authors":"S. Chobanova, D. Penkov","doi":"10.15547/tjs.2022.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2022.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To establish the zero nitrogen corrected apparent (AMEn-o) and the true (TMEn-o) metabolizable energy of two batches high – protein (dehulled, with 45 and 50% crude protein in DM) sunflower meal. Material and Methods: Standardized methods for balance experiments with poultry. The roosters were 1 year old – White Plymouth Rock – race. Six birds were tube fed and six feed deprived per each batch of fodder. Separately experiments with intact and caecoectomized roosters were conducted. Results: The following levels (J/g DM) have been established: Batch 45%: (AMЕn-o): intact: 8430, caecoectomized: 8317, mean: 8373; (TMЕn-o): intact: 9221, caecoectomized: 9108, mean: 9164. For the batch 50% the results were: 9281, 10061, mean - 96711 and 9943, 10973, mean - 10458 J/g DM respectively. Conclusion: The authors suggest that both feed batches can replace isoenergetic soybean meal in combined fodders for poultry.","PeriodicalId":30048,"journal":{"name":"Trakia Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67462354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
STREPTOCOCCUS SPP. AS ETIOLOGICAL AGENT OF SUBCLINICAL AND CLINICAL MASTITIS OF DAIRY COWS IN REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA 链球菌是保加利亚共和国奶牛亚临床和临床乳腺炎的病原
Trakia Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15547/tjs.2022.02.005
M. Nikolova, V. Urumova, M. Liuzkanov
{"title":"STREPTOCOCCUS SPP. AS ETIOLOGICAL AGENT OF SUBCLINICAL AND CLINICAL MASTITIS OF DAIRY COWS IN REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA","authors":"M. Nikolova, V. Urumova, M. Liuzkanov","doi":"10.15547/tjs.2022.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2022.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the species composition of streptococci causing subclinical, and clinical mastitis in dairy cows, their prevalence and antimicrobial drug sensitivity with respect to appropriate therapy. The study subject was the involvement and prevalence of bacteria from the genus Streptococcus in the etiology of subclinical, and clinical mastitis in dairy cows. The survey was conducted in eight cattle farms from different regions in Bulgaria in 2020 and 2021. After clinical examination and rapid mastitis test, a total of 239 cows were diagnosed with udder inflammation - 34 (14.2%) with clinical signs and 205 (85.8%) with subclinical mastitis. Laboratory analyses were performed on 346 samples. Two hundred and seventy two bacterial strains were isolated, and 151 (55.5%) were determined to belong to Streptococcus spp. Lancefield grouping and species identification of haemolytic variants was done. It was found out that in subclinical forms of mastitis, 54.5% of isolates belonged to Streptococcus spp., respectively 63.3 % of isolates in clinical forms of mastitis also belonged to Streptococcus spp. Out of them, 38.6% were S. uberis, 35.6% were identified as S. agalactiae and 25.8% − as S. dysgalactiae. In vitro tests of the sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs from various groups and classes were conducted with all field isolates. The tests demonstrated a relatively well-preserved sensitivity to antimicrobial agents with the exception of tetracycline","PeriodicalId":30048,"journal":{"name":"Trakia Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67462817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
DEGREE OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PERSUASION PRINCIPLES IN ADVERTISING: MEASURING THE PERSUASION PRINCIPLES AS PART OF ADVERTISING INFLUENCE 广告中说服原则的易感性程度:衡量说服原则作为广告影响的一部分
Trakia Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15547/tjs.2022.03.009
L. Spasova
{"title":"DEGREE OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO PERSUASION PRINCIPLES IN ADVERTISING: MEASURING THE PERSUASION PRINCIPLES AS PART OF ADVERTISING INFLUENCE","authors":"L. Spasova","doi":"10.15547/tjs.2022.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2022.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation has two aims: 1) to investigate the susceptibility of consumers to persuasion principles of Cialdidni and 2) to identify which of the principles achieves a high effect of advertising impact on different consumers. The instrument used was the adapted and modified STPS questionnaire developed by Kaptein el at., as well as the respondents' subjective judgments of the extent to which the advertisements affected based on the persuasion principles. The results of t-tests indicate that the principle of liking affects persuasion statistically significantly less than the application of all other principles for the whole sample, and through correlation analysis it is found that the principle of social proof is susceptible to the presence of influence from others three principles. Susceptibility to persuasion, achieved through the following principles: reciprocity, commitment and consistency, liking and unity, is statistically significantly higher in women due to its high sensitivity than in men, which confirms the results of other researchers.","PeriodicalId":30048,"journal":{"name":"Trakia Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67463680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ADVANCES IN VETERINARY EDUCATION THROUGH NON-ANIMAL MODELS 通过非动物模型进行兽医教育的进展
Trakia Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15547/tjs.2022.03.012
S. Woolcock, I. Lazarova
{"title":"ADVANCES IN VETERINARY EDUCATION THROUGH NON-ANIMAL MODELS","authors":"S. Woolcock, I. Lazarova","doi":"10.15547/tjs.2022.03.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2022.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: With the recognition of animals as sentient beings and the growing research in the field of animal welfare the use of live animals for scientific purposes and education has been under question. The present paper focused on the legal framework for the protection of animals used for research and education while giving examples on their replacement with alternative methods in undergraduate veterinary courses. METHODS: Analysis is made on the implemented legal framework which lays down the requirement for animal protection and specifically the 3Rs principles for animal experimentation. Additionally, a short literature review is made to identify the most common educational approaches used to replace live animals in veterinary training. RESULTS: Based on the review we identified common ethical dilemmas for animal use in education like ethically sourced cadavers, continuous tests and manipulations during the process of training of veterinary students and presented as well some examples on alternatives like simulators, artificial models and digital resources. CONCLUSIONS: Through the development and implementation of modern educational resources aimed at the replacement of live animals with non-animal alternatives veterinary students could benefit in their studies both in terms of solving ethical issues regarding animal use and in gaining self-confidence, improvement of skills, and performance.","PeriodicalId":30048,"journal":{"name":"Trakia Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67463780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
AROMATIC MEDICINAL PLANTS AND ESSENTIAL OILS, SUCH AS CHEMO-FUNGI-MODULATING PROTECTORS AND DIETARY AGENTS 芳香药用植物和精油，如化学真菌调节保护剂和膳食剂
Trakia Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15547/tjs.2022.04.002
G. Nikolova, V. Ivanov, E. Georgieva, K. Parlapanska, Y. Karamalakova
{"title":"AROMATIC MEDICINAL PLANTS AND ESSENTIAL OILS, SUCH AS CHEMO-FUNGI-MODULATING PROTECTORS AND DIETARY AGENTS","authors":"G. Nikolova, V. Ivanov, E. Georgieva, K. Parlapanska, Y. Karamalakova","doi":"10.15547/tjs.2022.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2022.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: Nowadays, herbal medicine offers many solutions to deal with respiratory, viral and, bacterial infections. More and more people are turning to natural antioxidants, so finding new drugs is a current goal of health and medical researchers. Medicinal plants traditional to different regions of the world (Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Mentha piperita Lin., Rosa damascena Mill., Azadirachta indica (neem oil)) contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds that have proven beneficial effects on human health. There is ample evidence that polyphenols, flavonoids, and vitamins counteract and neutralize genetic and environmental stressors, especially oxidative stress, which is closely related to the initiation of many diseases. Here we review the possible uses of the aromatic medicinal plants cited above.","PeriodicalId":30048,"journal":{"name":"Trakia Journal of Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67463997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOMETRIC FEATURES OF THE LARGE INTESTINE IN THE BRONZE TURKEY (MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO) 青铜火鸡(meleagris gallopavo)大肠的组织学和组织学特征
Trakia Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.15547/tjs.2022.04.007
D. Yovchev
{"title":"HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOMETRIC FEATURES OF THE LARGE INTESTINE IN THE BRONZE TURKEY (MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO)","authors":"D. Yovchev","doi":"10.15547/tjs.2022.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2022.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of the investigation was to study the large intestine (both ceca and rectum) of the bronze turkey using Hematoxylin/Eosin staining. Fifty-four clinically healthy Bronze Turkeys from state forestry Mazalat were separated into 27 female and 27 male birds. We used 9 age groups (one-day, 7-day, 14-day, 28-day, 35-day, 49-day, 56-day, 90-day, and 120-day). There were six turkeys in every group. The intestinal segments in all of the studied groups were composed of tunica mucosa, tela submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. Tunica mucosa is comprised of lamina epithelialis mucosae covering a fine layer of loose connective tissue (lamina propria mucosae). Both tissue layers formed well expressed mucosal folds. The surface covering epithelium was presented by columnar cells and goblet cells. Tunica submucosa was less developed compared to the other layers of the wall. It was vascularized. Tunica muscularis had two sublayers – the inner was circular and the outer was longitudinal. Tunica serosa was the outermost layer supported by dense connective tissue. Villi intetsinales were well developed in both ceca and rectum.","PeriodicalId":30048,"journal":{"name":"Trakia Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67464448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative study of the antioxidant properties of silymarin and milk thistle extracts 水飞蓟素与水飞蓟提取物抗氧化性能的比较研究
Trakia Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15547/tjs.2021.01.001
V. Ivanov, M. Pavlova
{"title":"Comparative study of the antioxidant properties of silymarin and milk thistle extracts","authors":"V. Ivanov, M. Pavlova","doi":"10.15547/tjs.2021.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2021.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) has been used for centuries as a natural remedy for liver and gall bladder / biliary tract diseases. Silymarin is the purified and standardized extract from milk thistle seeds. The purpose of the present study is to present a comparative analysis of the total phenolic substances content and the antioxidant effect of silymarin and three different types of Silybum marianum extracts (i.e. ethanol extract, water extract and lyophilized extract). Methods: Total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts was analysed and the antioxidant activity was assessed by determining their free radical scavenging ability by DPPH method. Results: Total phenolic content is the highest in silymarin– 134.12±3.22 mg GAE/g, followed by lyophilized water extract – 51.74±2.10 mg GAE/g. Silymarin has also been found to have the highest antioxidant activity among all extract samples (338.03 VCEAC µmol /g), followed by S.marianum lyophilised extract (123.05 VCEAC µmol/g). Conclusions: A strong correlation between total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extracts and their antioxidant activity has been found.","PeriodicalId":30048,"journal":{"name":"Trakia Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67455542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The influence of the sex and height at the withers on pelvis size of donkeys in Austria 奥地利驴的性别和肩高对骨盆大小的影响
Trakia Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15547/tjs.2021.01.011
M. Urošević, D. Drobnjak, R. Vlaeva, P. Dameski, G. Stanišić
{"title":"The influence of the sex and height at the withers on pelvis size of donkeys in Austria","authors":"M. Urošević, D. Drobnjak, R. Vlaeva, P. Dameski, G. Stanišić","doi":"10.15547/tjs.2021.01.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2021.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"During the recent decades, the donkey, as an ever-employed labour animal, is slowly but steadily losing its value. The agricultural industrialization, mechanization of many processes at the mountain and valley farms led to rejection of the donkeys as a livestock. This reduction in donkey numbers evokes some concerns. This fact is a good reason to study all aspects of these domestic animals, in order to revive their role and to restart their livestock growth in the familiar habitat, and bring them into the new environmental conditions. For the recent research, 35 donkeys (23 males and 12 females) were chosen. All animals lived on Styria terrain in Austria. The following morphometric parameters were analysed: height at the withers (VG), pelvis length (DK), pelvis width (SK), and point of buttock width (SSK). For the males, the average height at the withers was 116.70 cm and the average pelvis length – 40.13 cm. The average pelvis width was 38.56 cm, and the average point of buttock width – 16.39 cm. For the females the average height at the withers was 101.48 cm, the average pelvis length – 36.00 cm, pelvis width was 35.41 cm. The average point of buttock width was 13.66 cm. These measurements show the influence of the height at the withers on the development of the pelvis, particularly on its width and height for both males and females. Comparatively to other donkey populations of the world, the Austrian donkey has an average size.","PeriodicalId":30048,"journal":{"name":"Trakia Journal of Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67455818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ECONOMIC ASPECTS AND CHALLENGES IN PRECISION AGRICULTURE 精准农业的经济方面和挑战
Trakia Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15547/tjs.2021.s.01.024
N. Penev, M. Petrov
{"title":"ECONOMIC ASPECTS AND CHALLENGES IN PRECISION AGRICULTURE","authors":"N. Penev, M. Petrov","doi":"10.15547/tjs.2021.s.01.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2021.s.01.024","url":null,"abstract":"Precise agriculture is an intersection in which meet high technologies, knowledge of the earth, soil, climate and good practices in agricultural activity. Economic aspects with precise agriculture are related to the introduction of those practices that can help improving the optimization of costs and achievement of higher quality products and better crop collection rates. In order to introduce the practices and techniques of precise agriculture specific investments are required in: information assurance, agro -technical procedures, monitoring services, and the use of GPS devices for mapping the field and planning the production process according to the specific needs of the farm. There are a wide variety of techniques that could be introduced in the production process, but only in certain cases these practices could be viable and could lead to real pay-back in a reasonable period of time and of course, could lead agricultural production to optimization levels , reducing costs of exploitation and improving financial statements of the farm.","PeriodicalId":30048,"journal":{"name":"Trakia Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67459353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MEASUREMENT OF STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION FOR LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE 学生外语学习动机的测量
Trakia Journal of Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15547/tjs.2021.s.01.041
K. Katsarova
{"title":"MEASUREMENT OF STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION FOR LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE","authors":"K. Katsarova","doi":"10.15547/tjs.2021.s.01.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2021.s.01.041","url":null,"abstract":"This article measures various subjective and objective indicators of motivation for learning a foreign language among students of Trakia University. The main goal is to derive the overall and instrumental motivation that would affect the respondents, the most pressing needs for learning a foreign language, as well as the flows or the degree of involvement of the respondents. The applied methodology consists of designed surveys, and some of the identified motives would determine the practical application of adequate incentives to maintain the motivation of students for learning a foreign language. The identified factor dependences generally indicate approximately the same intensity in the motives of the respondents, as the high interest in it is explained first of all by the desire of students to gain knowledge of language, but not least of culture, behavior and traditions. The highest degree of motivation is expressed in the desire for their knowledge and skills to find practical realization in different professional environments.","PeriodicalId":30048,"journal":{"name":"Trakia Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67460134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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