Rangifer最新文献_第2页

A review of reindeer lichen (Cladonia subgenus Cladina) linear growth rates 驯鹿地衣(革衣亚属)线性生长研究进展

Rangifer Pub Date : 2020-08-12 DOI: 10.7557/2.40.1.4636

R. McMullin, Sean B. Rapai

{"title":"A review of reindeer lichen (Cladonia subgenus Cladina) linear growth rates","authors":"R. McMullin, Sean B. Rapai","doi":"10.7557/2.40.1.4636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.40.1.4636","url":null,"abstract":"Cladonia subgenus Cladina (the reindeer lichens) can be a dominant part of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. They are particularly abundant in arctic-alpine and boreal regions, where they are a primary food source for woodland caribou/reindeer in winter months. Determining the growth rates of reindeer lichen is important for understanding and managing lichen regeneration following disturbances such as timber harvesting, mining, grazing, and wildfire. Regeneration and rehabilitation rates can be calculated with greater accuracy when growth rates are well understood. We provide a summary of 17 studies from 6 countries that determined the linear growth rates of three reindeer lichen groups, Cladonia arbuscula/mitis (mean = 4.7 mm/yr.), C. rangiferina/ C. stygia (mean = 5.1 mm/yr.), and C. stellaris (mean = 4.8 mm/yr.). We use linear growth rates as a proxy for over-all growth and biomass. Variables found to influence lichen growth rates are also discussed, which include light, moisture, temperature, air pollution, acid rain, precipitation, snow accumulation, substrate, age of individuals, and type of disturbance. These results can assist land managers in developing more accurate strategies for restoring lichens in disturbed areas.","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43887610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Spatial structure of boreal woodland caribou populations in northwest Canada 加拿大西北部北方林地北美驯鹿种群的空间结构

Rangifer Pub Date : 2020-05-05 DOI: 10.7557/2.40.1.4902

Steve G Wilson, G. Sutherland, N. Larter, A. Kelly, A. McLaren, J. Hodson, T. Hegel, Robin Steenweg, D. Hervieux, T. Nudds

{"title":"Spatial structure of boreal woodland caribou populations in northwest Canada","authors":"Steve G Wilson, G. Sutherland, N. Larter, A. Kelly, A. McLaren, J. Hodson, T. Hegel, Robin Steenweg, D. Hervieux, T. Nudds","doi":"10.7557/2.40.1.4902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.40.1.4902","url":null,"abstract":"Local population units (LPUs) were delineated in Canada’s recovery strategy for threatened boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou). Population viability analyses central to contemporary integrated risk assessments of LPUs implicitly assume geographic closure. Several LPUs in northwest Canada, however, were in part delineated by geopolitical boundaries and/or included large areas in the absence of evidence of more finely resolved population spatial structure. We pooled >1.2 million locations from >1200 GPS or VHF-collared caribou from northeast British Columbia, northwest Alberta and southwestern Northwest Territories. Bayesian cluster analysis generated 10 alternative candidate LPUs based on a spatial cluster graph of the extent of pairwise co-occurrence of collared caribou. Up to four groups may be artifacts in as yet under-sampled areas. Four were mapped LPUs that were conserved (Prophet, Parker, Chinchaga and Red Earth). One small group between Parker and Snake-Sahtaneh known locally as the “Fort Nelson core,” and outside any mapped LPU, was also conserved. Finally, one large group, at >136000 km2, spanned all three jurisdictions and subsumed all of six delineated LPUs (Maxhamish, Snake-Sahtaneh, Calendar, Bistcho, Yates, Caribou Mountains) and part of southern Northwest Territories. These results suggest less geographic closure of LPUs than those currently delineated, but further analyses will be required to better reconcile various sources of knowledge about local population structure in this region.","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46804853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Reindeer fidelity to high quality winter pastures outcompete power line barrier effects 驯鹿对高品质冬季牧场的忠诚胜过电力线屏障的影响

Rangifer Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.7557/2.40.1.4968

E. Reimers, Sindre Eftestøl, D. T. Alemu, Knut Granum

{"title":"Reindeer fidelity to high quality winter pastures outcompete power line barrier effects","authors":"E. Reimers, Sindre Eftestøl, D. T. Alemu, Knut Granum","doi":"10.7557/2.40.1.4968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.40.1.4968","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated barrier effects of a 66 kV power line established in 1966 before and after the line was upgraded to 132 kV in 2004 over a period of 44 years (1974-2017) in the North Ottadalen wild reindeer area (3245 km2) of which 1038 km2 are in use as winter pastures. The power line transects a peninsula (135 km2) with high quality winter pastures in the southeast periphery. The reindeer population originated from a nucleus herd of 402 animals of domestic origin released in the area in 1964-1965 and 100 resident wild animals. Yearly winter survey started in 1974 and reindeer were first surveyed south of the 66 kV power line in 1982. Comparing the number of animals recorded in the peninsula vs. the number of individuals expected relative to available grazing area during the three periods (1974-2004, 1982-2004 and 2005-2017), the number of animals recorded in the peninsula was 3.6–4.9 times higher than expected. Since the upgrade of the power line, a substantial part of the reindeer population grazed in the peninsula every year. We therefore conclude that there was no long-term barrier effect from the original power line and no barrier effects at all from the upgrade. However, during the first 5 surveys of this study, there were no animals in the peninsula. Therefore, even if there are several possible reasons for this, we cannot exclude the possibility of short-term barrier effects resulting from the construction of the original power line. Our results support recent studies that report no effects from existing power lines and contrast some previous findings that have reported strong longterm barrier and avoidance effects of such infrastructure for Rangifer migration and grazing behaviour.","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":"40 1","pages":"27-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71331776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Are the Jameson Land muskoxen, Northeast Greenland, in decline? 格陵兰岛东北部的詹姆逊地火牛正在衰落吗？

Rangifer Pub Date : 2019-12-03 DOI: 10.7557/2.39.1.4424

N. Gaidet, T. Daufresne

引用次数: 0

Aerial survey and telemetry data analysis of a peripheral caribou calving area in northwestern Alaska 阿拉斯加西北部周边驯鹿产犊区的航空测量与遥测数据分析

Rangifer Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.7557/2.39.1.4572

A. K. Prichard, Ryan L. Klimstra, Brian T Person, L. S. Parrett

{"title":"Aerial survey and telemetry data analysis of a peripheral caribou calving area in northwestern Alaska","authors":"A. K. Prichard, Ryan L. Klimstra, Brian T Person, L. S. Parrett","doi":"10.7557/2.39.1.4572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.39.1.4572","url":null,"abstract":"With industrial development expanding in the Arctic, there is increasing interest in quantifying the impacts of development projects on barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti). The primary data source to assess caribou distribution and predict impacts in remote areas of Alaska has shifted in recent decades from aerial survey data to telemetry data, but these techniques have different strengths and weaknesses. The ranges of two caribou herds, the Western Arctic Herd and the Teshekpuk Herd, overlap in northwest Alaska between Wainwright and Atqasuk, Alaska. Based on long-term telemetry data sets, this region was thought to be outside of the core calving ranges of both herds. Calving has long been reported to occur in this general area, but early reports assumed caribou were from the Western Arctic Herd and only one systematic aerial survey of caribou density and distribution during calving has been conducted in this area in recent decades. Following interest in industrial development in this area, we conducted aerial strip-transect surveys during early to mid-June 2013–2015 to directly assess the density and distribution of caribou in the area and we used existing telemetry data to compare our results to the seasonal distribution of both herds. Total caribou densities varied between 0.36 and 1.06 caribou/km² among years, and calf densities varied 0.04 and 0.25 calves/km² among years. Contrary to assumptions by early researchers in the area, telemetry data indicated that caribou in this area during early to mid-June were from the Teshekpuk Herd. The use of telemetry data alone underestimated the importance of this area for calving, but the combination of aerial surveys and telemetry data provided complementary information on caribou use of this area showing the importance of collecting the appropriate types of data for assessing potential impacts of development on caribou.","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45980993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Behavioural responses of southern mountain caribou to helicopter and skiing activities 南部山地驯鹿对直升机和滑雪活动的行为反应

Rangifer Pub Date : 2019-09-24 DOI: 10.7557/2.39.1.4586

S. F. Wilson, J. Wilmshurst

{"title":"Behavioural responses of southern mountain caribou to helicopter and skiing activities","authors":"S. F. Wilson, J. Wilmshurst","doi":"10.7557/2.39.1.4586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.39.1.4586","url":null,"abstract":"Helicopter- and snowcat-supported backcountry skiing is a unique industry that is widespread throughout southern mountain caribou habitat in British Columbia. We analyzed standardized caribou encounter data collected by operators under an agreement between the BC government and Helicat Canada. Average reported encounter rates were low for helicopters (0.6%) and skiing groups (0.1%); however, encounters were likely underreported due to factors that affect caribou sightability. Although helicopters encountered caribou more frequently than skiing groups, caribou were detected from helicopters at greater distances than by skiers. We used Bayesian network models to assess the independent contribution of different factors to the behavioural response of caribou to encounters. Encounter distance was the most important factor in both helicopter and skiing models. Larger groups of caribou responded strongly to skiers but not to helicopters, although the independent effect of this factor was small in both models. Larger helicopters elicited stronger reactions from caribou than smaller machines and was responsible for 25% of the modelled variation in caribou response. Encounters with helicopters at distances of 100–500m had a 78% probability of eliciting a concerned-to-very-alarmedresponse from caribou, while skiers at a similar distance had a 60% probability of eliciting the same response. The probability of concerned-to-very-alarmed responses dropped to <20% at encounter distances of >1000 m. These results indicate that initial encounter distance is the key variable to manage risk to caribou of helicopter and skiing encounters. Ongoing feedback on the effectiveness of management practices is critical to ensure the continued viability of industries operating in caribou habitat.","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47371568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Metric and non-metric guides for the determination between fore- and hindlimb phalanges of Rangifer tarandus 测定狼蛛前肢和后肢指骨的公制和非公制指南

Rangifer Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.7557/2.39.1.4630

Emily Hull

{"title":"Metric and non-metric guides for the determination between fore- and hindlimb phalanges of Rangifer tarandus","authors":"Emily Hull","doi":"10.7557/2.39.1.4630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7557/2.39.1.4630","url":null,"abstract":"Phalanges are a great untapped resource in the zooarchaeology of Rangifer tarandus. The utilization of this resource, however, is constrained by a current inability to consistently differentiate fore- from hindlimb phalanges in a mixed assemblage. The ability to separate and identify forelimb and hindlimb phalanx 1 (PI) and phalanx 2 (PII), as well as to recognize and identify other small bones of the hoof, leads to great opportunities for archaeologists. In large scale-analysis, this capacity allows a greater ability to determine minimum number of individuals and assess butchery and transport practices. In the examination of individual life histories of Rangifer tarandus, these designations allow a more precise study of pathology and entheseal change, which can shed light on adaptation, foraging strategy, and human-animal interactions. This study presents qualitative and quantitative methods for the differentiation of PI and PII of the fore- and hindlimbs and describes other bones of the hoof. Metric techniques were developed to differentiate fore- from hindlimb phalanges using non-invasive, non-destructive, and simple methods. The efficacy and accuracy of these methods were assessed using blind testing by students and staff. The average success rates of metric analysis yielded 87% accuracy for determinations of fore- versus hindlimb PI and 92% accuracy for determination of fore- versus hindlimb PII. These results show that this method could benefit researchers working with Rangifer tarandus remains.","PeriodicalId":30034,"journal":{"name":"Rangifer","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43465487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Influence of wolf predation on population momentum of the Nushagak Peninsula caribou herd, southwestern Alaska 狼捕食对阿拉斯加西南部努沙加半岛驯鹿群种群动态的影响

Rangifer Pub Date : 2019-06-20 DOI: 10.7557/2.39.1.4455

Patrick B Walsh

引用次数: 0

Eigil Reimers; Våre Hjortedyr – en bok til undring, glede og kunnskap

Rangifer Pub Date : 2018-12-12 DOI: 10.7557/2.38.1.4618

E. Wiklund

引用次数: 2

Morten Tryland & Susan J. Kutz (Eds.); Reindeer and Caribou: Health and Disease Morten Tryland & Susan J. Kutz(主编);驯鹿和北美驯鹿:健康与疾病

Rangifer Pub Date : 2018-12-12 DOI: 10.7557/2.38.1.4619

E. Wiklund

引用次数: 0