International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Transnational Activism and World Politics","authors":"Engin Erdem","doi":"10.18092/IJEAS.90257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18092/IJEAS.90257","url":null,"abstract":"Transnational activism has become increasingly salient dynamics of world politics in several issue areas including human rights, environment, development, women‟s rights, and peace. The article first assesses how major International Relations theories look at them. While realist theories do not take them seriously, constructivism and sociological institutionalism underline the fact that transnational actors can matter in world politics. An important component of this study is that it assesses when, how, and under what conditions transnational actors can matter in international relations. Finally, the study examines areas in which transnational actors pose challenges for state-centric Westphalian international system while suggesting that they also suffer from notable limitations. In the end, the article calls for the existence of opportunities for further research","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117000225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIS Key to Scalability and Success of Universal Health Coverage","authors":"S. Choudhary","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2622177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2622177","url":null,"abstract":"Everyone aims to improve his quality of life and to have access to affordable quality health services for improved productivity, prosperity and longevity. The need was duly recognized by World Health assembly during 1980s and a movement for provision of quality health services was started. Followed by this, World Health assembly called upon nations to bring upon health system reforms to make health services available without financial hardships. In 2012, the nations agreed upon scaling the interventions to provide universal health coverage without financial hardship based on quality of services, equity and accessibility. In order to scale up the interventions and to achieve a favourable outcome, research has been considered as an important ingredient. In 2013, World Health Report was published emphasizing the need of research from causation to strengthening of the health systems. Various researches on Universal Health Coverage have been funded by Global Agencies and partners including WHO and World Bank identifying the areas of interventions. But these researches grossly neglected the area of HIS as a potential system in having positive implications on better health outcomes at the global level. Except for few, bits and pieces acknowledgement, it largely undermined the significant contribution that HIS can play in changing the global landscape of disease burden.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128563149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Construction of Human Rights Space in a Globalised World: A Case of the Right to Food and Agricultural Modernisation in Papua","authors":"I. Hadiprayitno","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2622979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2622979","url":null,"abstract":"In the age of globalisation, human rights are gaining importance, but its realisation is done in different ways and in complex institutional settings. Nowadays promoting and invoking human rights are not only the interests of the state as the duty bearers, civil society organisations, or the right holders. Rather, in transition and developing economies, the realisation of rights also depends on, for example, how access to natural resources and distribution of wealth are governed by public and private actors. Studies on the subject in connection with globalisation demonstrate situations where liberalisation, deregulation and privatisation have weakened human rights protection, primarily social, economic, and cultural rights that hinge on the principle of progressive realisation of state obligations. Assessments as to how the coexistence of private governance, customary and state legal systems mutually shape human rights practices are however scantily found. In this regard, the paper aims to discuss human rights as a political space of a struggle between the state, private interests and organised social movements.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132721072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structure of Postnational Authority","authors":"Nico Krisch","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2564579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2564579","url":null,"abstract":"Analyses of authority in the global realm have risen to greater prominence in recent years but many of them employ a model of ‘solid’ authority borrowed from the domestic context that focuses primarily on commands issued by single institutions. This paper argues that such approaches tend to underestimate the presence of authority in global governance and to misunderstand its nature, leading to skewed accounts of the emergence of authority and the challenges it poses. The paper develops a broader conception of authority which also includes ‘liquid’ forms – forms characterized by informality, substantive groundings, multiplicity, and significant dynamism. It outlines how such a broader account can help us to reframe the problematique of postnational governance, especially by leading us away from statist frames when confronted with the particular difficulties of authority structures which often have pervasive effects but are hard to locate and grasp.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130497077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filling in the Blanks on Reducing Tobacco Product Addictiveness in the FCTC Partial Guidelines for Articles 9 & 10","authors":"Eric N. Lindblom","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2527332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2527332","url":null,"abstract":"The existing Partial Guidelines for Implementation of Articles 9 & 10 of the WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control includes a strategy for regulating tobacco products to reduce their attractiveness, but does not yet provide any guidance for reducing either the toxicity or the addictiveness of tobacco products. Section 1.2.1.2, “Addictiveness (dependence liability),” states only that: “This section has been left blank intentionally to indicate that guidance will be proposed at a later stage.” A related footnote says that the blanks will be filled “as new country experience, and scientific, medical and other evidence become available...[and] will also depend on the validation of the analytical chemical methods for testing and measuring cigarette contents and emissions.”This article details that sufficient evidence and accurate testing methods are now available to begin providing useful guidance to countries that have the capacity to implement new measures to reduce the addictiveness of tobacco products and enforce compliance. Using the format of the existing partial guidelines, this working paper suggests possible draft text for the blank “Addictiveness” section, followed by a concise summary of supporting research and analysis.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123941996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China's Corporate Social Responsibility with National Characteristics: Coherence and Dissonance with the Global Business and Human Rights Project","authors":"L. Backer","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2448030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2448030","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter shows how the social and institutional organization and political culture of China have affected how Chinese corporations approach the issue of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in general and CSR-based human rights responsibilities in particular. Part I examines the global context in which Chinese CSR is framed. Part II analyzes the Chinese political context in which CSR operates and the socio-political culture that shapes CSR choices. Notions of socialist modernization, economic development, and the importance of building social, economic and political structures with Chinese characteristics largely shape Chinese policy, drive Chinese administrative institutions, and shape the context in which Chinese enterprises approach CSR issues. Like Chinese state policy, Chinese CSR focuses on issues of economic development and prosperity rather than civil and political rights. Part III considers the effects of these substantive choices on the implementation of CSR in China. In China, the obligations of both state and enterprise are understood in terms of institutional duty to people rather than in terms of individual rights that may be asserted against institutions. That understanding shapes both the approaches to remediation and the relationship between the state and enterprise in regard to CSR compliance. The connection between (1) substance (tied to socialist modernization) and operationalization (tied to the premise that the protection of the liberties of individuals is a state obligation) and (2) the state, the Communist Party and business enterprises, frames the \"Chinese Characteristics\" of CSR. Only by recognizing this close connection between state policy and corporate responsibility can one understand how CSR is implemented in China and successfully translate global human rights discourse into the Chinese context.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134080509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pursuing Global Health with Justice","authors":"Micah L. Berman","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2474249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2474249","url":null,"abstract":"This brief article is a review of Global Health Law by Lawrence O. Gostin (Harvard University Press, 2014). Building on his background in human rights and public health law, Gostin seamlessly integrates those fields into his discussion of how the international system attempts to address the major health-related challenges of our time. Gostin focuses much of his book on the deep health disparities found around the globe, and he articulates a powerful vision of “global health with justice” that includes an expansive understanding of the “right to health” found in various international agreements. This review argues that although Gostin’s vision is profound and inspiring, Global Health Law may underestimate the many challenges and roadblocks inherent in our decentralized system of global governance.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132403103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NGOs and Academia and Democratization in Indonesia: How Has the Relationship Fared so Far?","authors":"Muyanja-Ssenyonga Jameaba","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2473498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2473498","url":null,"abstract":"Non state actors have played important role in facilitating and fostering democratization process in Indonesia. They have served as partners with the government in charting development, provide key basic services jointly and independently with the state, contributed to increasing public awareness of legal, political and economic rights, and in strengthening community development capacity. However, with the diminishing role of the state that in part is attributable to adoption of economic austerity policies, non-state actors have also, either knowingly or unwittingly or both, become conduits and agents of foreign influence in the archipelago economy and politics, at the central and sub national level. Problems that still loom large range from heavy reliance of foreign funding, lack of domestically grounded mechanisms, best practices, and benchmarks they use in conducting of activities, fragmentation, shortage of organizational leadership and management skills. It is a challenge and opportunity which civil society had to take if it is to remain relevant as an important element in the Indonesia democracy equation now and in future.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130406668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformative Power of Europe","authors":"Alina Mungiu‐Pippidi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2393389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2393389","url":null,"abstract":"Why has the EU succeeded in promoting democracy in the new member states but failed in promoting good governance? This essay seeks to answer this question first by distinguishing governance from political regimes, and second by exploring to what extent national governance — which is defined as the set of formal and informal institutions that determine who gets what in a given country — is susceptible to being improved by external pressure or intervention. It concludes that improving governance remains a challenge even for the democratic character of the European project.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128572017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"러시아의 북극개발전략과 한·러 협력의 새로운 가능성 (Russian Arctic Development Strategy and New Possibility for Korea-Russia Cooperation)","authors":"S. Jeh, Jiyoung Min","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2443178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2443178","url":null,"abstract":"Korean Abstract: 지구온난화에 따른 기후변화로 이제 3개의 대륙에 걸쳐 있고 2개의 대양과 맞닿아 있는 북극은 더 이상 혹독한 날씨와 두꺼운 얼음이 지배하는 공간이 아니다. 기후변화로 인한 부정적 결과에도 불구하고, 에너지 자원의 대안적인 공급처이자 새로운 해상 교역로로 부상한 북극의 개발과 이용에 북극해 연안국뿐만 아니라 비연안국들의 관심도 집중되고 있다. 그리고 이러한 지정ㆍ지경학적 변화에 능동적으로 대처하는 국가만이 지속적인 경제성장을 위한 새로운 동력을 확보하는 기회를 얻게 될 것이다. 따라서 2013년 5월 한국이 북극이사회 상시 옵서버 자격 획득을 통해 북극 문제 논의에 참여할 기회를 얻게 되고, 2013년 7월 해양수산부가 관계부처 합동으로 ‘북극 종합정책 추진계획’을 발표한 것은 고무적인 일이라 할 수 있다. 이제 한국도 기후변화의 영향에 지속해서 관심을 기울이는 것은 물론, 북극의 잠재력을 재인식하고, 투자 기회를 포착하며, 극지에 적합한 기술 개발에도 적극 나서야 할 것이다. 북극해 비연안국인 한국이 북극의 개발과 이용에 참여하기란 결코 쉽지 않다. 경계획정 문제에서 잘 드러나듯이, 기본적으로 북극해 연안국들의 이해관계가 복잡하고, 이것이 첨예한 대립으로 발전할 가능성도 있기 때문이다. 이러한 상황에서 북극지역 국가들과의 관계 증진은 물론, 상호이익을 확보하면서도 평화로운 협력을 수행할 수 있는 과제를 발굴하고 그것을 착실하게 수행하는 것은 국가적 차원에서 중요한 임무가 될 것이다. English Abstract: The Arctic is changing due to global warming. While this poses potential environmental risks, the region is also emerging as a new shipping route and an alternative source of energy supply. Recognizing the enormous potential of the region, both Arctic and non-Arctic countries are devoting increased attention to the use and development of the area. Korea, a non-littoral nation, also is moving quickly to involve itself in Arctic issues. Namely, it received permanent observer status at the Arctic Council in May 2013 and adopted the “Comprehensive Arctic Plan” in July. In fact, participation in activities in the Arctic is an arduous task for a non-Arctic country under the current Arctic governance regime. However, Korea, an energy-and-trade-dependent economy, is seeing new opportunities, because the opening of the Arctic provides an irresistible attraction. In order to actively participate in the Arctic, Korea needs to take part in tackling relevant global issues, such as environmental protection and preservation, development of technology applicable to the Arctic, etc. as a member of the global community. Building and maintaining close relationships with relevant countries should be sought as well. In this context, cooperation with Russia, in particular regarding the Arctic, has significant meaning to Korea for the following reasons. First, the majority of hydrocarbon resources in the region lay in the Russian Arctic region. Since Russia is developing fields for exploitation of energy resources through international cooperation, Korea needs to consider ways to participate in such projects. Second, when using the Northern Sea Route, it is inevitable that shipping pass through waters under the authority of the Russian Federation and employ Russian facilities, such as ports and ice-breakers. In addition, the Russian government’s plans to establish infrastructure for the development of the region including an integrated transport system and ICT network may provide chances to Korean investors. Third, Russia is an influential participant in Arctic governance such as the Arctic Council, BEAC, etc. Thus, closer cooperation with Russia can make Korea‘s participation in Arctic governance much easier. In this r","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"357 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126692948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}