International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic Economic Crisis in Sri Lanka","authors":"Ayon Landsburger","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3909238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3909238","url":null,"abstract":"A worldwide emergency has been proclaimed by the World Health Organization because of the global spread of COVID-19. The study examines the consequences of the pandemic on GDP, employment, inflation, stock market, and external sector performance in Sri Lanka, as well as poverty. COVID-19 news reports, as well as data gathered and analyzed from national and international research initiatives, were the foundation of the paper's content, as were news articles about COVID-19. COVID-19 has created direct or indirect economic disruptions in Sri Lanka in the short to medium term. As a result of these pandemics occurring over time, COVID-19 and its impact on the Sri Lankan economy have been emphasized in this article. Major income-producing businesses have been hit by the COVID-19 pandemic in several ways. It shows that all types of poverty have a greater chance of increasing in occurrence.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126189719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capital Accumulation, the Role of the State and Human Rights in Argentina: Contributions for Debates on Economic and Social Right","authors":"Mauro Cristeche","doi":"10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1119","url":null,"abstract":"<b>English abstract:</b> This work aims to contribute to the debate on the role of the State and the Economic and Social Rights in Argentina from the analysis of the capital accumulation process and the structural changes that have taken place in the country in recent decades. First, we define the work within the debates on the role of the State and economic and social rights. At the core of the work, we present our own contribution, based on our previous research and other authors’ works. First, we highlight some transformations on the capital accumulation process in Argentina. Then we analyze the role of the State through some of the most important social policies in the last years but we also add the consideration of some government’s regulatory, fiscal, monetary, and labor-market policies. Finally, we develop our interpretation about the role of the State on the fulfillment of economic and social rights in the last decades.<br><br><b>Spanish abstract:</b> Este trabajo pretende contribuir al debate sobre los derechos económicos y sociales y el rol del Estado en Argentina a partir del análisis del proceso de acumulación de capital y los cambios estructurales que han tenido lugar en el país en las últimas décadas. Al comienzo encuadramos el trabajo en los debates actuales sobre el papel del Estado y los derechos económicos y sociales, y luego presentamos nuestra contribución, basada en desarrollos propios y en trabajos de otros autores. Primero destacamos algunas transformaciones en el proceso de acumulación de capital en Argentina. Luego analizamos el papel del Estado a través de algunas de las políticas sociales más importantes de los últimos años, pero también consideramos otras políticas como las regulatorias, fiscales, monetarias y del mercado laboral. Finalmente, desarrollamos nuestra interpretación sobre el papel del Estado en la satisfacción de los derechos económicos y sociales en las últimas décadas.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127478226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Travails of Women and Girls in Northern Nigeria: A Human Rights Issue","authors":"Adah Ogbe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3599122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3599122","url":null,"abstract":"The vulnerability of women and girls in Northern Nigeria is likened to an ‘endangered species’ that struggles daily to survive. That region of the country is notorious in negativities: poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, insecurity and now, blatant abuse of health and reproductive rights of women and girls. This article, hence, exposes the precarity that pervades the region and highlights the factors above i.e., poverty, illiteracy, unemployment etc., and how women and girls have been made escape goats by the socio-cultural, economic and religious establishment in Northern Nigeria. Using statistics and scholarly findings of researchers and literature, the article articulates these factors, which include but not limited to, abuse of the health and reproductive right of women and girls, illiteracy and early marriage and insecurity. The article concludes by calling the government of Nigeria to treat the condition of women and girls in the Northeast as an emergency, by setting up structures headed by or headed by shared leadership roles of women, that will investigate their situations and proffer solutions. An Empowerment Education Fund should be created to provide accessibility for compulsory primary, secondary and even tertiary education to the girl child in Northern Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122954508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Investments: A Primer for Host Government Lawyers and Local Lawyers in Private Practice","authors":"Tehtena Mebratu-Tsegaye","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3657683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3657683","url":null,"abstract":"Attracting investment in agriculture has been a key policy goal of governments in the global south. Development partners have supported these policies. But what do governments hope to achieve by attracting investment in the agricultural sector? Why are companies interested in investing? What is in it for local communities? And what is the role of lawyers? This primer provides an introduction to some of the key issues that arise in the negotiation of contracts linked to investments in agriculture, and practical guidance for how to approach common issues. Section 1 of this primer outlines the typical goals of three important stakeholders – the government, companies, and communities who live on or near land on which a project will take place – along with the risks that each type of stakeholder faces. Section 2 discusses the role of contracts and lawyers, provides tips for negotiations, and includes resources for further reading.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123709252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Procurement and the Erosion of the EU Social Model: Outline of a Polanyian Perspective and the Emerging Regulatory Role of Human Rights","authors":"Claire Methven O’Brien, Olga Martín-Ortega","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3437753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3437753","url":null,"abstract":"States influence markets not just as regulators but also through their purchasing activity. However, governments are implicated in human and labour rights breaches via their purchasing relationships. Such supply chain abuses contradict basic assumptions of the European social model reflected in Europe-wide fundamental rights standards as well as domestic constitutional orders. Until now, EU procurement laws and policies exerted a ‘chilling effect’ on human rights and sustainability efforts by European public buyers. Yet a nascent movement has started to challenge orthodox reluctance to accept that the scope of rules based on competition and “efficiency”, within the EU order, should be conditioned by states’ obligations to secure respect for inalienable human rights and minimum labour standards. Public procurement thus serves as one plane for the playing out of continuing tensions between the predominantly competitive logic of international market regulation and Europe’s social and human rights values. In this chapter we seek to demonstrate this dynamic while arguing for measures to ensure a rebalancing in this ongoing contest towards protection of the European social model. \u0000 \u0000Section 2 sketches the contours of public procurement law, with a focus on the EU. Section 3 highlights states’ contrasting duties to protect human rights arising under international treaties and new norms on business, human rights, supply chains and sustainability that articulate these in the procurement context. Section 4 outlines a Polanyian analysis of persisting tensions between competitive logic and human rights values in the public procurement context, an approach that, we contend, illuminates important connections between apparently specialist discussions about public procurement and human rights and today’s broader controversies about the social and political sustainability of Europe’s integrated market economy. We further illustrate how orthodox, competition-based procurement law perspectives threaten EU procurement law’s potential to advance social values in Europe is not merely technical but profoundly political and value-laden. Concluding, Section 5 advocates for the establishment of human rights as an explicit dimension within European sustainable procurement norms.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116703482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Public Information to Democratic Governance: A Theoretical Atlas from an Axiomatic Approach to the Evaluation of Public Management","authors":"Luis Alberto Maury-Cruz, Carlos Medel-Ramírez, Alberto Cruz-Juárez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3332713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3332713","url":null,"abstract":"The general theme is the diagnosis of the quality of public information and the evaluation of democratic governance. The specific thematic axis is the nature and purpose of public information in the context of the democratic rule of law in Mexico, in the federal states and, in particular, in the state of Veracruz . The problem is to answer the question: What is required for an effective evaluation of public management? Based on this approach, it is argued that the way to effectively evaluate public management presupposes a theory and indicators of democratic governance. \u0000In order to understand the elements that constitute democratic governance it is necessary to use the axiomatic method; this requires establishing: 1) Basic, stipular and common definitions; 2) Axioms, as propositions articulated with the basic and consensual definitions; 3) Postulates, which are propositions admitted as true, which are derived from the basic definitions and from the axioms; 4) Theorems, propositions derived from the postulates. From the theorems are derived the indicators of the present theoretical atlas of democratic governance, which will be shown in a later phase of the essay. \u0000This research recovers philosophical, juridical, political, economic and accounting aspects. Its articulating axis is the concept of public information, which is linked to those of transparency, corruption, social participation, accountability and citizen oversight, being minimum elements necessary for the understanding and evaluation of democratic governance.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115316852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Rights, Globalization and Development","authors":"J. Abah","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3327165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3327165","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization and Development are two forces that have affected the growth and spread of Human Rights in recent times. They have come with trade liberalization, real-time information and communication technology and the privatization of state enterprises. It is to this end that this paper undertakes to examine the impact or effect of these forces on Human Rights Regimes in developed and developing Countries with the aim of creating an environment for sustainable peace and progress which is the crux of Human Rights activities. This paper posits that for third world countries like Nigeria, globalization and development has hampered our human rights. Striving for economic power has undermined the basic right to life. To make this argument, this paper is divided into four parts to wit: Part one will be a general discuss on globalization, development and human rights; Part two will treat the effect or impact of globalization and development on developing countries; Part three will treat the role of International Institutions in creating a balance between globalization and development; Part four will be a summary and recommendations.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130240801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Vulnerability of Safe Haven Enterprise Visa Holders: Balancing Work, Protection and Future Prospects","authors":"A. Reilly","doi":"10.53637/rqmp8264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53637/rqmp8264","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the policy settings of the Safe Haven Enterprise visa (‘SHEV’). It considers the merits of linking renewal of the visa to particular work requirements, and argues that the current requirements place visa holders in a position of extreme vulnerability both in the Australian workforce and in relation to their general health and well-being. The article outlines possible avenues for reform of the visa, ultimately concluding that there is a strong case for its repeal.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128567426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Enforcing International Environmental Agreements: Adaptation and Complementarity","authors":"S. Rubio","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3241993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3241993","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the impact of adaptation on the stability of an international emission agreement. To address this issue we solve a three-stage coalition formation game where in the first stage countries decide whether or not to sign the agreement. Then, in the second stage, signatories (playing together) and non-signatories (playing individually) select their levels of emissions. Finally, in the third stage, each country decides on its level of adaptation non co-operatively. We solve this game for two models. For both, it is assumed that damages are linear with respect to emissions which guarantee that emissions are strategic complements in the second stage of the game. However, for the first model adaptation reduces the marginal damages of emissions in a multiplicative way whereas for the second model the reduction occurs in an additive way. Our analysis shows that the models yield different predictions in terms of participation. In the first case, we find that the larger the gains of full cooperation, the larger the cooperation. However, in the second case, the unique stable agreement we find consists of three countries regardless of the gains of full cooperation. These results suggest that complementarity can play in favor of cooperation but that it is not a sufficient condition to obtain more participation in an emission agreement. Finally, we would like to point out that our research indicates that the way adaptation reduces damages plays a critical role over the outcome of the coalition formation game.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127531235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: 'Temporary Labour Migration in the Global Era: The Regulatory Challenges'","authors":"Manoj Dias-Abey","doi":"10.5040/9781509906307.ch-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509906307.ch-001","url":null,"abstract":"\"Labor Migration in the Global Era\" comes just two years after the publication of a similar volume. Both collections contain the work of contributors who bring multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary analyses to bear on the problems engendered by labor migration. However, in at least two respects, \"Labor Migration in the Global Era\" demonstrates an evolution in thinking about labor migration since the earlier volume. First, there is greater attention paid to the regulation of labor migration more broadly; several of the chapters in the Howe and Owens volume take up the governance of temporary labor migration programs themselves (see chapters 5, 6, 14, 15, and 17). The new volume is also concerned with the broader regulatory environment; for example, the enforcement of the rights of temporary migrants by regulators is given some consideration (see chapter 18). In addition, there is an attempt to look beyond state actors to consider the contribution of non-state parties, such as collectives of workers (see chapters 15 and 16). Framing the issue as regulatory in nature, rather than predominantly legal, allows for a richer discussion that draws attention to related policy domains, the entire institutional context, and the diversity of state and non-state actors involved. \"Second, Labor Migration in the Global Era\" takes more seriously the international and transnational dimensions of the issue. One of the chapters explores the issue of recruitment abuses suffered by workers before they have even departed their home countries (chapter 15), and another considers the problem of migration fees incurred by workers at various phases of the labor migration process (chapter 17). The importance of thinking about labor migration as having a transnational regulatory architecture is readily apparent.","PeriodicalId":300155,"journal":{"name":"International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134145042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}