Oral Tradition最新文献_第3页

Parallelism and the Composition of Oral Narratives in Banda Eli 平行性与班达艾利口语叙事的构成

Oral Tradition Pub Date : 2017-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/ORT.2017.0012

T. Kaartinen

{"title":"Parallelism and the Composition of Oral Narratives in Banda Eli","authors":"T. Kaartinen","doi":"10.1353/ORT.2017.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ORT.2017.0012","url":null,"abstract":"While parallelism is easily recognizable as the source for various literary tropes, it is also important as a resource for the speakers' dialogic engagement with the patterns of interaction and experience: they embody part of their linguistic habitus. This article explores the forms of parallelism found in a variety of speech and narrative genres in Bandanese, an Eastern Indonesian minority language with about 5,000 speakers. Bandanese abounds with parallel expressions in which speakers use part-whole relations based on social and cultural classifications to construct totalizing cognitive and value statements. At the same time, Bandanese poetics is more than just evidence of an integrated cultural world. The article analyzes interactions between tropes based on repetition and parallelism to suggest that speakers and narrators use them to create a resonance between immediate rhetorical effects and larger recognized aesthetic positions in their folk categories. A prominent example of such resonance is the use of parallelism in eloquent, public speech. When speakers use the lexical contrast between Bandanese and the regional or national majority language as a source of parallel expressions, they draw from an aesthetic in which powerful speech resonates with past and future dialogue with outsiders. Recent scholarship on parallelism and repetition encourages us to recognize that they produce potential dialogic relations on a larger scale than that of single utterances. This approach can produce valuable insights into possibilities for innovation in and revitalization of Bandanese and other minority languages threatened by demographic change and loss of use in their former domains.","PeriodicalId":30001,"journal":{"name":"Oral Tradition","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48235214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Transformation of Cyavana: A Case Study in Narrative Evolution Cyavana的转型：叙事进化的个案研究

Oral Tradition Pub Date : 2017-07-14 DOI: 10.1353/ORT.2017.0003

Emily West

{"title":"The Transformation of Cyavana: A Case Study in Narrative Evolution","authors":"Emily West","doi":"10.1353/ORT.2017.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ORT.2017.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Few will argue with the proposition that stories are fluid and continuously evolving; nor are many likely to deny that a successful narrative can spread like wildfire across time and space. Yet in spite of these two well-documented truths, attempts at the identification of borrowings and parallels (though a venerable scholarly pursuit) can be tricky. Few other common scholarly undertakings generate the level of resistance that the proposal of a set of parallels can, and perhaps with some valid reasons. Shared features that make an enormous impression on one scholar will strike others as insignificant or coincidental, and most comparativists have come to accept that many of our colleagues are completely uninterested in the endeavor, particularly when engaging with a borrowed narrative requires transporting their focus beyond the boundaries of their field. Normally at this point in an academic paper, with the introductory salvo concluded, one would begin grounding the issue within academic debate by quoting from the relevant literature. The state of the methodology for evaluating parallels is, however, such that there is scant literature on it to invoke. Tigay describes the situation facing scholars who work on literary parallels between the Hebrew Bible and other Near Eastern Literature (1993:250-51):","PeriodicalId":30001,"journal":{"name":"Oral Tradition","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43210505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Editor's Column 编辑栏

Oral Tradition Pub Date : 2017-07-14 DOI: 10.1353/ort.2017.0000

J. Zemke

引用次数: 0

Diachronic Homer and a Cretan Odyssey 历时荷马和克里特岛奥德赛

Oral Tradition Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/ORT.2017.0001

G. Nagy

{"title":"Diachronic Homer and a Cretan Odyssey","authors":"G. Nagy","doi":"10.1353/ORT.2017.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ORT.2017.0001","url":null,"abstract":"I explore here the kaleidoscopic world of Homer and Homeric poetry from a diachronic\u0000perspective, combining it with a synchronic perspective. The terms synchronic and diachronic, as\u0000I use them here, come from linguistics.1 When linguists use the word synchronic, they are\u0000thinking of a given structure as it exists in a given time and space; when they use diachronic,\u0000they are thinking of that structure as it evolves through time.2 From a diachronic perspective, the\u0000structure that we know as Homeric poetry can be viewed, I argue, as an evolving medium.\u0000But there is more to it. When you look at Homeric poetry from a diachronic perspective,\u0000you will see not only an evolving medium of oral poetry. You will see also a medium that\u0000actually views itself diachronically. In other words, Homeric poetry demonstrates aspects of its\u0000own evolution.\u0000A case in point is \"the Cretan Odyssey\"--or, better, \"a Cretan Odyssey\"--as reflected in\u0000the \"lying tales\" of Odysseus in the Odyssey. These tales, as we will see, give the medium an\u0000opportunity to open windows into an Odyssey that is otherwise unknown. In the alternative\u0000universe of this \"Cretan Odyssey,\" the adventures of Odysseus take place in the exotic context of\u0000Minoan-Mycenaean civilization.","PeriodicalId":30001,"journal":{"name":"Oral Tradition","volume":" ","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ORT.2017.0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44939564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Tale of Meleager in the Iliad 《伊利亚特》中的梅拉奇故事

Oral Tradition Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/ORT.2017.0002

J. Burgess

{"title":"The Tale of Meleager in the Iliad","authors":"J. Burgess","doi":"10.1353/ORT.2017.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ORT.2017.0002","url":null,"abstract":"I employ narratology and oral theory in a close reading of Phoenix's tale of the Kalydonian hero Meleager in Book 9 of the Iliad to clarify the function of this embedded narrative within the Homeric epic. Phoenix compares Achilles to Meleager, and the crux of the analogy--angry withdrawal from battle--has tempted some in the past to suppose that a pre-Homeric epic about an angry Meleager was the source for the Iliad's angry Achilles. But since\u0000most ancient narratives about Meleager do not feature withdrawal from battle, today Homerists more commonly conclude that Phoenix invents Meleager's withdrawal in order to pursue this analogy. Though I essentially subscribe to this conclusion, analysis of the poetics of Phoenix's narrative have often been misguided. In this essay I explore the traditionality of Phoenix's story and its narratological construction in the Homeric epic. The main goal is to better calibrate the significance of the Iliad's version of the story of Meleager. The issue is relevant to how the Iliad employs material from outside its narrative boundaries, including the Epic Cycle. Though not as famous as the labors of Heracles, the Trojan War, or the return of Odysseus, the myth about Meleager was popular in antiquity. That is not surprising, since his story often featured the hunt of a monstrous animal and intra-family violence. Sometimes there was a love interest, the famous huntress Atalanta. The story could be variously narrated, and some versions of the myth are incompatible. Homerists have long explored how the version told\u0000by Phoenix in Iliad 9 corresponds to or deviates from alternative versions. Before we address that issue, it would be helpful to examine basic elements of the tale of Meleager in order to explore their causal connections and thematic significance.","PeriodicalId":30001,"journal":{"name":"Oral Tradition","volume":"31 1","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42173723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Beginning from the End: Strategies of Composition in Lyrical Improvisation with End Rhyme 从结尾开始:末韵抒情即兴创作的创作策略

Oral Tradition Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/ORT.2017.0004

Venla Sykäri

引用次数: 2

"Hear the Tale of the Famine Year": Famine Policy, Oral Traditions, and the Recalcitrant Voice of the Colonized in Nineteenth-Century India “倾听饥荒年的故事”：19世纪印度殖民地的饥荒政策、口头传统和顽固声音

Oral Tradition Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/ORT.2017.0005

G. Raheja

引用次数: 1

Poetic Parallelism and Working Memory 诗意的平行性与工作记忆

Oral Tradition Pub Date : 2017-02-08 DOI: 10.1353/ORT.2017.0014

Nigel Fabb

引用次数: 4

The Sources of Authority for Shamanic Speech: Examples from the Kham-Magar of Nepal 萨满话语的权威来源:以尼泊尔的康-玛加尔为例

Oral Tradition Pub Date : 2016-12-17 DOI: 10.1353/ort.2016.0012

A. de Sales

{"title":"The Sources of Authority for Shamanic Speech: Examples from the Kham-Magar of Nepal","authors":"A. de Sales","doi":"10.1353/ort.2016.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ort.2016.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Among the Kham-Magar, an indigenous population of West Nepal, shamans end their long ritual chants with the promise to keep to the terms of the contract that bind human beings to the supernatural entities. In this paper I identify the sources of authority that allow the ritual specialists of this community to act as its spokespersons toward invisible partners. Taking up the debate initiated in the introduction to this special issue, I begin by confronting the notion of \"social magic\" that Bourdieu (1982:97-161) sees as the source of all authority, with the \"discourse of magic\" proposed by the linguist Tzvetan Todorov (1978:246-82), showing that the two approaches are less inconsistent than might first appear to be the case: both suggest that the efficacy of ritual speech rests on deception. The second part of the paper turns to Kham-Magar ethnography; it examines the staging of the sources of shamanic authority in the ceremony of consecration of a new shaman. I partly challenge Bourdieu's (1982:20) vision that ritual techniques are mainly techniques of domination, ensuring that the dominant power is reproduced, rather than being a source of authority for ritual specialists: \"Rituals represent the limit of all situations of imposition1 where, through the application of a technical competence, however imperfect, a primarily social competence is exercised: the competence of the speaker who is authorized by his or her group to speak with authority.\" The third part looks precisely into the \"competence of the speaker,\" shamanic speech itself, for possible sources of his or her ritual authority. I explore the pragmatic effects of the ritual use of language, including a reflexive definition of the performer. I argue that these techniques set up the conditions for the emergence of a transcendent authority.","PeriodicalId":30001,"journal":{"name":"Oral Tradition","volume":"30 1","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66492488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Imparting and (Re-)Confirming Order to the World: Authoritative Speech Traditions and Socio-political Assemblies in Spiti, Upper Kinnaur, and Purang in the Past and Present 向世界传授和(重新)确认秩序:过去和现在斯皮提、上金瑙尔和普朗的权威演讲传统和社会政治集会

Oral Tradition Pub Date : 2016-10-01 DOI: 10.1353/ORT.2016.0015

Christian Jahoda

{"title":"Imparting and (Re-)Confirming Order to the World: Authoritative Speech Traditions and Socio-political Assemblies in Spiti, Upper Kinnaur, and Purang in the Past and Present","authors":"Christian Jahoda","doi":"10.1353/ORT.2016.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ORT.2016.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This paper1 deals with authoritative speech traditions in the Tibetan-speaking areas of Spiti (in Tibetan transliteration [henceforth T.] sPi ti, sPyi ti, and so forth) and Upper Kinnaur (T. Khu nu) in eastern Himachal Pradesh, India, and in Purang (T. s/Pu hrang/hreng, and so forth), an area in the southwest of the Ngari Prefecture of the Tibet Autonomous Region (PR China) (see Fig. 1). In the distant past these areas belonged to Ngari Khorsum (T. mNga' ris skor gsum), a high-altitude region that was more or less congruent with the realm of the West Tibetan kingdom of the tenth to twelfth centuries. To a great extent it was also identical with the areas under the control of the later kingdoms of Purang, Guge (T. Gu ge), and Ladakh (T. La dwags) (see Vitali 1996; Petech 1997; Tshe ring rgyal po 2006 for accounts of the history of these kingdoms). This means that in historical, geographical, political, and cultural terms, Spiti, Upper Kinnaur, and also Purang share a lot of common ground. Therefore, in addition to exploring the social and political dimensions of authoritative speeches, I am also including the historical dimension of authoritative speech in these areas. This is also the main reason for referring to authoritative speech traditions.","PeriodicalId":30001,"journal":{"name":"Oral Tradition","volume":"30 1","pages":"-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66492444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1