ACM Sigcue Outlook最新文献_第8页

Educational change and computers: an international perspective 教育变革与计算机:国际视角

ACM Sigcue Outlook Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1145/382145.382956

Paul E. Resta

{"title":"Educational change and computers: an international perspective","authors":"Paul E. Resta","doi":"10.1145/382145.382956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/382145.382956","url":null,"abstract":"6ue5t Ed1t0r1a1 6y Pau1 Re5ta D1rect0r, Center f0r 7echn0109y and Educat10n Un1ver51ty 0f New Mex1c0 C0-Pre51dent, 1nternat10na1 50c1ety f0r 7echn0109Y 1n Educat10n 1ntr0duct10n n recent year5, we have w1tne55ed remarka61e 1ead1n96reakt hr°u9h5 1ne5t1mate d an exp10510n 0f kn0w1ed9e.th e t0ta1 kn0w1ed9e 0f ma n k 1 n d 5c1ence and techn0109Y1t 15 d0u61e5 every 7-8 year5. At pre5ent 0ver 2,000 600k5 are pu6115hed da11y and the rate 0f pr0duct10n 0f 1nf0rmat10n c0nt1nue5 t0 acce1erate • 7he rap1d deve10pment5 1n f1e1d5 5uch a5 610techn0109y, medec1ne, 5pace 5c1ence, te1ec0mmun1cat10n5 and new mater1a15 are m0v1n9 u5 fr0m a w0r1d 50c1ety 6a5ed 0n raw mater1a15 and pr0duct10n t0 0ne 1ncrea51n91y 6a5ed 0n human re50urce5 and kn0w1-ed9e. Each day we are c0nfr0nted w1th m0re ev1dence that 0ur w0r1d 15 9r0w1n9 ever 5ma11er and m0re 1nterdependent. A5 n0ted 6y Capra (1985), We 11ve t0day 1n a 9106a11y 1nterc0nnected w0r1d 1n wh1ch 6101091ca1, 50c1a1 and env1r0nmenta1 phen0mena are a111nterdependent...we need a fundamenta1 chan9e 1n 0ur th0u9ht5, percept10n5 and va1ue5. 7he 1nterc0nnectedne55 0f the w0r1d extend5 6ey0nd 0ur ec01091ca1 and ec0n0m1c 5y5tem5 t0 0ur f1e1d5 0f 1n4u1ry. C1ear1y m05t 0f 0ur w0r1d • 5 pr061em5 d0 n0t neat1y re51de w1th1n a 51n91e academ1c d15c1p11ne 0r f1e1d 0f 1n4u1ry; rather they 5pan many 0f the art1f1c1a1 60undar1e5 0f kn0w1ed9e we have e5ta6115hed and 1n5t1tut10na112ed w1th1n 0ur un1ver51t1e5 and 5ch0015. 0ur 1nterc0nnectedne55 15 a150 man1fe5ted 1n the 9r0wth 0f the w0dd • 5 c0mmun1cat10n 5y5tem5. We n0w are a61e t0 w1tne55 event5 a5 they 0ccur acr055 the 9106e 1nc1ud1n9 5c1ent1f1c ach1evement5, p011t1-ca1 event5 0r natura1 d15a5ter5 5uch a5 the recent earth4uake51n 50v1et Armen1a. C0up1ed w1th the kn0w1ed9e 0f 0ur 9r0w1n9 1nterdependence 15 the awarene55 that the w0r1d 15 pre5ented w1th an array 0f pr061em5 0f unprecedented c0mp1ex1ty. 1n fact, a num6er 0f 5c1ent15t5 have a55erted that, perhap5 f0r the f1r5t t1me 1n h15t0ry, mank1nd 15 c0nfr0nted 6y a w1den1n9 9ap 6etween the c0mp1ex1ty 0f w0r1d pr061em5 and the 1nte11ectua1 p0wer 0f 1nd1v1dua15 and 50c1et1e5 t0 501ve them (80tk1n, 1979). 7he Need f0r an Educat10na1 Parad19m 5h1R 1n re5p0n5e t0 th15 c0mp1ex 5et 0f c1rcum5tance5, educat0r5 acr055 the 9106e are n0w 5tru9911n9 f0r way5 t0 make 519n1f1cant chan9e5 and 1mpr0ve-ment51n the1r educat10na1 5y5tem5. 7h1515 a f0rm1da61e ta5k that ha5 6een 11kened t0 that 0f 5a110r5 try1n9 t0 re6u11d the1r 5h1p at h19h 5ea (Har5te et a1, 1984). Under91rd1n9 many 0f the pre5ent educat10na1 re5tructur1n9 eff0rt5 15 an awarene55 that we mu5t …","PeriodicalId":299906,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcue Outlook","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131900202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Educational computing in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland 英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰的教育计算机

ACM Sigcue Outlook Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1145/382145.382967

John Foster

引用次数: 0

The state of educational computing in Singapore 新加坡教育计算机的现状

ACM Sigcue Outlook Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1145/382145.382962

P. H. Phua

引用次数: 1

Computers and computer education in Argentina 阿根廷的计算机和计算机教育

ACM Sigcue Outlook Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1145/382145.382958

R. Dorfman

引用次数: 0

Computing in the Spanish educational system 西班牙教育系统中的计算机

ACM Sigcue Outlook Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1145/382145.382964

Carmen Gómez Bueno, J. C. de Pablos Ramirez

{"title":"Computing in the Spanish educational system","authors":"Carmen Gómez Bueno, J. C. de Pablos Ramirez","doi":"10.1145/382145.382964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/382145.382964","url":null,"abstract":"the M1n15ter10 de Educac10n y C1enc0. 50me funct10n5 0f th15 Pr09ram are c00rd1nat1n9 and ana-1y21n9 a11 the act1v1t1e5 referred t0 60th part1e5: re50urce5, 5e1ect10n 0f 50ftware, teacher tra1n1n9, pr0duct10n 0f 50ftware, f0110w-up and a55e55ment, and 0ther act1v1t1e5 re1ated t0 the new techn01091e5. 1n a para11e1 d1rect10n t0 the Centra1 Adm1n15tra-t10n, the Aut0n0m0u5 C0mmun1t1e5 (CC.AA.) have 6e9un 5evera1 exper1menta1 pr09ram5 1n 0rder t01n-tr0duce c0mputer pr09ramm1n9 1n the 5ch0015. 1n Cata10n1a there ex15t5, f0r 5evera1 year5 n0w, a C0mm15510n 0f C0mput1n9, that mana9e5 d1ver5e pr0ject5, 5uch a5 the 1ntr0duct10n 0f L090 and c0m-puter a5515ted 1n5truct10n (CA1). 1n 6a11c1a, the A8REN7E Pr0ject ha5 6een under way 51nce 1984. 1n Anda1u51a they have the ALHAM8RA Pr0ject. 51m11ar1y, the 8a54ue C0untry ha5 a c0mput1n9 pr0ject 1n e1ementary educat10n, centered 1n the ap-p11cat10n5 0f L090. 7he 0ther C0mmun1t1e5 have 51m11ar pr0ject5. 7he type5 0f e4u1pment 9enera11y u5ed 1n c0m-put1n9 are the 18M-PC 5er1e5 and c0mpat161e5, a1-th0u9h we a150 u5e the App1e • 5 Mac1nt05h, the 51nc1a1r 5pectrum, and the nat10na11y manufactured Dra90n. 7he A7ENEA Pr0ject 1nc0rp0rated the 18M-P52 5er1e51n 1987. 8e51de5 1n5t1tut10na1 pr09ram5, many center5, pu611c a5 we11 a5 pr1vate, make the1r 0wn exper1-ence5 1n the f1e1d 0f c0mput1n9.","PeriodicalId":299906,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcue Outlook","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129312186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computers in Swedish schools 瑞典学校的电脑

ACM Sigcue Outlook Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1145/382145.382965

Peter Becker, Monica Andersson

{"title":"Computers in Swedish schools","authors":"Peter Becker, Monica Andersson","doi":"10.1145/382145.382965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/382145.382965","url":null,"abstract":"7he F1r5t Wave 7he f1r5t 5ur9e 0f c0mputer51n 5wed15h 5ch0015 came 1n the 1ate 705 w1th a 211092806a5ed 5wed15h c0mputer. 1t wa5 named A8C80 and wa5 e4u1Pped w1th an 24x80 character 8•W m0n1t0r, an externa1 tape rec0rder, 32 K 0f RAM, and a 6u11t-1n 8A51C 1nterpret0r. Very 11tt1e 50ftware ex15ted fr0m the 5tart 6ut a w0rd pr0ce55er wa5 deve10ped after a c0up1e 0f year5. 7he typ1ca151tuat10n t1111984 wa5 that the h19h 5ch001 had 155tand a10ne A8C805 e4u1pped w1th taperec0rder and a 5hared pr1nter 1n a c0mputer 1a60rat0ry. 7he ma1n u5e wa5 f0r pr09ramm1n91n 8A51C and 50me w0rd pr0ce551n9. At the turn 0f the decade, the 0n1y preparat10n f0r u5a9e 0f c0mputer51n educat10n wa50ne 5h0rt c0ur5e 1n mathemat1c5 and 0ne 1n 50c1a15c1ence. 7he 5t1pu1ated c0ur5e m1n1mum f0r every 5tudent wa520 h0ur5. Due t01ack 0f e4u1pment ar1d 0f 1ra1ned teacher5, n0t a115tudent5 c0u1d 6e tau9ht th15 m1n1ma1 c0ur5e. 5tudent51n 5c1ence and techn0109Y c0u1d take c0ur5e5, m05t 0f the 0ther5 d1d n0t. 7he teach1n9 c0n515ted 0f under5tand1n90f 50ftware deve10pement app11cat10n5 1n 5c1ence and techn0109y the 1mpact 0f c0mputer5 0n 50c1ety 5y5tem5 deve10pement. 7h15 6ecame a very p0pu1ar 5u6ject. 1t wa5 the f1r5t 0f th15 k1nd 0f 0pt10na1 c0ur5e, n0t trad1t10na11n 5weden. 1t wa5 1n5p1red 6y the 5ch001 5y5tem 1n the Un1ted 5tate5 and m0t1vated 6y a cr1515 1n 5c1ence 1ntere5t am0n9 the 5tudent5. 7h15 wa5 the f1r5t wave. A few 5tudent5 90t a 10t and a 9enerat10n 0f teacher5 wa5 tra1ned. 7h15 wa5 pr06a61y 0f 9reat 1mp0rtance f0r the next wave. Many teacher5 were 1eft w1th the fee11n9 that the c0mputer, a techn1ca1 and demand1n9 dev1ce, wa5 n0t meant f0r them.","PeriodicalId":299906,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcue Outlook","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126724607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

An elementary school scenario 一个小学场景

ACM Sigcue Outlook Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1145/382236.382868

D. Moursund, Karen J. Billings

{"title":"An elementary school scenario","authors":"D. Moursund, Karen J. Billings","doi":"10.1145/382236.382868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/382236.382868","url":null,"abstract":"It is late spring and you go back to your home town for the tenth year reunion of your high school graduating class. While in town, you find out that your favorite teacher from grade school, Mrs. Hansen, is still teaching and you decide to call and talk with her. She is excited to hear from you and before you know it, you have accepted an invitation to visit her classroom. As you enter the school building the next day, you observe that it still looks like the school you attended. However, as you walk down the hallway towards her classroom, you notice that some of the rooms look a little different: there are microcomputers in them, and VCR's and other machines! While you are pleased to see all that hardware, you are pretty sure that Mrs. Hansen's room won't have much equipment. You just can't imagine her using computers in her classroom. But once you get to her fourth grade class room, you see quite a few computers. Mrs. Hansen greets you warmly and sees the look of surprise on your face. 'I guess these computers weren't here when you were in grade school.\" she says, smiling. \"Actually, ff someone had told me fifteen years ago that I'd be using all these machines, I wouldn't have believed them.\" \"But\", she added, \"times change and rve changed with them.\" You are curious and ask her about all these changes. \"When did all this happen, and how? Is everyone using computers these days?\" She says she will try to update you by condensing the past fifteen years in fifteen minutes, before the children come in. She explains that the transition took place slowly but steadily. \"1 took advantage of the inservice opportunities that the school district offered after school and in the summertime. I learned how to operate the computer, to program a little, to evaluate software, and then how to use it in my classroom. Some of the experiences were better than others, but there was always something new to learn and something new to try with my students. Using computers has been a challenge, but it's kept me excited about teaching and the students excited about learning. Both the students and I benefit from using computers.\" \"Just what are the benefits?\" you ask. \"You sound like a school board membed\" she says. \"We are, in fact, doing an evaluation of our computer program this spring, but I think you will get the best answer to your question when you watch the children. When they come in, observe what they do, but also how they work together on their lessons and projects. They don't all use","PeriodicalId":299906,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcue Outlook","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129951733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Administrative, educational and fiscal issues: coping with the real world 行政、教育和财政问题:应对现实世界

ACM Sigcue Outlook Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1145/382236.382862

Barbara Feddern

{"title":"Administrative, educational and fiscal issues: coping with the real world","authors":"Barbara Feddern","doi":"10.1145/382236.382862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/382236.382862","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-service teachers enrolled in a course in Computers in Education will learn how the computer can help them and their students, and even shape the future directions of education. An important element of such a course must be awareness of, and preparation for the problems they will face in an actual school or classroom. The real world is not perfect. Hardware and software incompatibility, imprudent selection and use of software, inflexible scheduling, flagrant copyright violations, insufficient staff development, and school politics are all issues with which a neophyte teacher may have to deal. Projecting an awareness of them and, where possible, strategies for coping with them should be part of a computers in education course. Students need not be discouraged, but preparedness will encourage positive action. In order to consider the problems with which teachers contend, I have categorized them as hardware, software, and administrative policy issues. Teachers will rarely encounter all of the following problems, but most are familiar to almost everyone who has worked in our schools. Many policies and issues can be changed, circumvented, or at least alleviated with some of the proposed strategies. It must be stated, however, that changes can not often be made overnight, and a new teacher needs to become aware of the organizational climate of the building and district before acting. A positive attitude, willingness to compromise and dedication to ideals 'will eventually result in acceptance of new ideas.","PeriodicalId":299906,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcue Outlook","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115495820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experiential learning: elements to consider in designing a preservice course in educational computing 体验式学习:设计教育计算机职前课程时要考虑的因素

ACM Sigcue Outlook Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1145/382236.382855

M. Watt

{"title":"Experiential learning: elements to consider in designing a preservice course in educational computing","authors":"M. Watt","doi":"10.1145/382236.382855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/382236.382855","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a method of teaching educational computing which models current knowledge of effective teaching strategies which can be appropriately adapted by teachers to elementary school classrooms. The rationale for this approach is that usually the way teachers learn a subject is how they teach it (Watt, D. and Watt, M. 1986a). Since educational computing is new to most preservice teachers, the paper makes an argument that teaching and learning with the computer become part of the focus for the course to enable preservice teachers to acquire more familiarity with how actual learning evolves and the teaching strategies used to evoke learning. The author's main assumption about the course is that active learning is superior to passive learning (Labinowicz, 1980). The underlying assumption is that a variety of teaching strategies and methods are needed to use the computer effectively in an elementary classroom and using this course to model these methods is both natural and appropriate (Watt and Watt, 1986b). The design for the course divides the course time into three dominant forms of activity. Providing some overview of the historic perspective and some of the special educational possibilities the computer affords may be most easily accomplished via a lecture demonstration mode. However there are many ways the thoughtful instructor can engage students in being active learners during this mode by incorporating brainstorming, active questioning, and promoting lively discussion of the worth of ideas presented. Students may become the presenters about their own research into topics, interviews they've conducted or the interpreters of a category of software. Encouraging students to be involved in inviting guest speakers from the publishing, research and development communities is another way to insure that learning is lively and active. Probably the most important activity for the course is the hands-on computer working mode in a computer lab. During this time preservice teachers will experience many of the types of computer projects that they will appropriately adapt in the future to an elementary school classroom, however they will be working at their own intellectual and developmental levels. For some projects students will work in pairs, for others in small groups (Watt, M., 1982). They will not be working a keyboard all of the time. Perhaps they will rotate the role of class observer, question collector, and lab assistant to the instructor. The instructor of the course will use class time in the computer lab to model teacher interventions such as offering student challenges, identifying ways to support problem-solving, debugging, and project development. The teacher may give on-thespot mini-lessons as needed and hold individual conferences. This lab time is an integral part of the","PeriodicalId":299906,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcue Outlook","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125608489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A model for incorporating learning theories into preservice computer training 一个将学习理论纳入职前计算机培训的模型

ACM Sigcue Outlook Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1145/382236.382856

C. Berger, E. Carlson

{"title":"A model for incorporating learning theories into preservice computer training","authors":"C. Berger, E. Carlson","doi":"10.1145/382236.382856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/382236.382856","url":null,"abstract":"thought is lost. Papert also proposes that this type of exploration encourages students to evaluate their work in a new way; they begin to look at their attempts in terms of what needs to be done to make them work, as opposed to the fact that they are wrong. It is hoped that these debugging strategies, and many other cognitive skills, will be transferred to other areas. As yet the research does not clearly indicate that such transfer does in fact take place. In response to critics, Papert (1987) answers that controlled experiments in which a single factor in a complex situation is changed while keeping everything else the same may not be the appropriate method for determining the efficacy of this approach to learning. He also argues that technocentric thinking mistakenly puts the emphasis on technology as opposed to people and the cultural context, resulting in the wrong questions being asked (i.e. What can Logo do? vs What can teachers do with Logo). Concerning research methods presently used to investigate Logo, Papert points out that the results vary based on how the effects are measured. When they are narrowly defined, as by Pea and Kurland (1984), the results are negative; when more broadly defined, as by Clements and Gullo (1984), the results are positive. Whether or not adequate techniques exist at this time to examine complex human behavior is a","PeriodicalId":299906,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcue Outlook","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126421308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10