Current Forensic Science最新文献

{"title":"An Extensive Analysis of Contemporary Studies Forensics Sciences in\u0000India","authors":"Varsha Sri Jonnalagadda, Srinivasa Rao Gundu, Charanarur Panem","doi":"10.2174/0126664844310900240520073926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126664844310900240520073926","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Forensic science in India has evolved over 100 years, with the first official laboratory\u0000being the Calcutta Forensic Science Laboratory in Kolkata founded in 1952. Modernization has\u0000led to the establishment of numerous central, state, and regional forensic laboratories and advancements\u0000in technology such as DNA profiling, pathology, forensic toxicology, and forensic\u0000anthropology. As the need for forensic education in India increases, educational institutions and\u0000universities have started offering forensic science as a subject. India has collaborated with international\u0000forensic organizations to stay updated on global developments. Contemporary studies\u0000in forensic sciences are crucial for adapting to technological advancements, addressing emerging\u0000crimes, improving DNA analysis, promoting interdisciplinary approaches, and maintaining quality\u0000assurance and standards. Forensic science plays a significant role in the humanitarian efforts,\u0000including the identification of missing people and victims of mass disasters. Advanced imaging\u0000techniques are crucial in forensic investigations. Indian forensic science education is divided into\u0000undergraduate and postgraduate programs, offering bachelor's degrees and specialized courses in\u0000areas like forensic toxicology, DNA analysis, and digital forensics.\u0000","PeriodicalId":299746,"journal":{"name":"Current Forensic Science","volume":"9 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141379382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peak Penetration Force during Stabbing of Chest Wall with a Ceremonial\u0000Sword","authors":"G. Desmoulin, Marc-André Nolette, Theodore E. Milner","doi":"10.2174/0126664844267345240105094842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126664844267345240105094842","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The force required for a sword to penetrate the human chest was identified as an important issue for the defense in a case of homicide by stabbing. Previous literature\u0000on penetration force had tested knives but not swords.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of the current study was to determine the peak force during penetration\u0000of a surrogate for human tissue with a ceremonial sword.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The sword was secured to an MK-10 Tensile Tester and forced to penetrate a pork rib\u0000cut at speeds of 350 mm/min and 1100 mm/min, including both regions of rib and cartilage for\u0000pork ribs without skin or covered with a layer of porcine skin.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the case of the pork ribs without skin, the mean peak penetration force at a speed of\u0000350 mm/min was 11.0 N compared to a mean of 10.5 N at a speed of 1100 mm/min. The distributions of peak penetration forces at the two speeds were not significantly different. In the case\u0000of the pork ribs covered with porcine skin, the mean peak penetration force at a speed of 350\u0000mm/min was 50.0 N compared to a mean of 47.6 N at a speed of 1100 mm/min. The distributions\u0000of peak penetration forces at the two speeds were again not significantly different.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Forces of less than 50 N would be required for a ceremonial sword to penetrate the\u0000tissues of the human chest, although there is a risk of penetration for forces as low as 5 N when\u0000the effect of the porcine skin is not considered. Furthermore, the force required for penetration\u0000did not vary significantly over a three-fold speed of penetration.\u0000","PeriodicalId":299746,"journal":{"name":"Current Forensic Science","volume":"10 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139608476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Impact of Pre-analytical and Analytical Factors on the Quality of Biological Evidence: A Comprehensive Systematic Review","authors":"Suneel Prajapati, Aditi Mishra, Megha Sapkota, Mukul Meshram, Mahima Sharma, Arun Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0126664844265714231013112504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126664844265714231013112504","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring the quality of biological evidence is key and has become a routine requirement in forensic laboratories. The quality of biological evidence is determined by the pre-analytical and analytical phase that encompasses all procedures, starting with the crime scene to laboratory investigation of biological evidence. This is the most vulnerable part of the total testing process and a major component of the reliability and validity of results. Therefore, to generate a quality report, every biological evidence resource should be collected, maintained, and disseminated to the highest quality, based on the intended forensic use. Method: Pre-analyt-ical errors can happen at any stage prior to the testing process due to the use of insufficient or improper order of evidence collection, packaging, labelling, prolonged environmental exposure, failure to find the proper storage, the collection of evidence that is unsuitable for quality or quan-tity, inappropriate mixing of a sample, etc. Such circumstances during transportation, prepara-tion, and storage can change the outcome of forensic evidence. While analytical errors may arise in the laboratory during the processing of evidence due to mishandling, cross-contamination, and a lack of standardised procedures. Thus, employing advanced analytical methodologies, strict quality control measures, ad-herence to ethical guidelines, and appropriate data interpretation during PCR, STR profiling, and DNA sequencing are of utmost importance. The validation of quality assurance in forensic biol-ogy has been guided by a \"fit-for-purpose\" approach, emphasizing the suitability of methods and procedures for forensic requirements and intended applications. Pre-analytical and analytical fac-tors play a critical role in determining the success of DNA analysis and its admissibility in a court of law. To address this, this review aimed at summarizing recommendations about the pre-analytical and analytical phases and provides some guidance to reduce the effects of such factors that can have a significant impact on biological evidence.","PeriodicalId":299746,"journal":{"name":"Current Forensic Science","volume":"466 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screen Printed Electrodes: A Boon for Forensic Chemistry Analysis for Detection of Narcotics and Explosives","authors":"Ketan P. Patil, A. Pandey, Rohith Krishna","doi":"10.2174/2666484401666230731093631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666484401666230731093631","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Screen printing technology is a method of ink-based printing that utilizes a stencil mesh screen to create a visual pattern on a flat surface, such as plastic or silk. This process finds application in the production of screen-printed electrodes, which are utilized in electrochemical cells as part of voltammetric techniques. These electrodes offer advantages in terms of simplicity, portability, and ease of use compared to more intricate techniques. Various voltammetric methods are employed to analyze materials present in trace quantities, including drugs and explosives. By employing screen-printed electrodes in these electro-analytical techniques, it becomes possible to achieve straightforward, cost-effective, sensitive, and rapid detection of analytes with forensic significance. This highlights the significance of screen-printed electrodes in both onsite and laboratory forensic examinations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":299746,"journal":{"name":"Current Forensic Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130475589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of CBCT Technology in Forensic Odontology: A Narrative Review","authors":"D. Pérez-Mongiovi, Moustansir Hassanaly, Inês Morais Caldas, Alexandra Teixeira","doi":"10.2174/2666484401666230516103852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666484401666230516103852","url":null,"abstract":"Cone-Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) is a non-invasive, rapid, cost-effective, and low-radiation technique. Being a three-dimensional (3D) imaging process, it is better suited for the analysis of 3D structures like teeth, bones, or facial sinuses. CBCT is already widely used in dentistry and its application in forensic odontology is promising.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aimed to provide an overview of CBCT use in forensic dentistry.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A bibliographic search using PUBMED was performed with the following keyword combinations: (\"Cone-Beam Computed Tomography\"[MeSH Terms]) OR (cbct)) AND (forensic dentistry) OR (\"Forensic Dentistry\"[Mesh]) and on the Scopus platform using the keywords “cbct forensic dentistry”. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final selection resulted in 68 studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Articles subjects were as follows: 11 studies (16%) on comparative identification, 4 (5%) on identification by bitemarks, 30 (44%) on age estimation, 20 (29%) on sex estimation, and 7 (10%) on facial reconstruction. CBCT technology proved to be an accurate tool for age estimation (particularly in the pulp narrowing technique), sex estimation, bitemarks analysis, and facial reconstruction.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000CBCT's increasing use in dental clinics makes a huge quantity of data available. Professionals should examine how to organize and disseminate these valuable antemortem data. Training is mandatory to understand CBCT’s technical limitations as well as manage the presence of artifacts. Further studies should be made on larger samples to fully understand the potential of CBCT technology in forensics.","PeriodicalId":299746,"journal":{"name":"Current Forensic Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122496647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of digital watermarking approaches for forensic applications","authors":"I. Ansari, Rishi Sinhal, Om Prakash Verma","doi":"10.2174/2666484401666230202121526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666484401666230202121526","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000There has been remarkable growth in the digital domain. This has led to the production of a huge amount of digital data in the form of text messages, documents, audio/speech signals, digital images, videos, etc. In forensics, digital information (i.e., images of crime scenes, etc.) is very important to examine cases and collect the proof regarding the incident. This further leads to judge the victims and culprits by the court for appropriate actions. So, even a slight change (intentional/unintentional) may lead to the wrong judgement. Several digital signal processing tools are easily available to process this type of digital data, which means data may get disrupted, altered, or deform in such a way that the authenticity gets compromised. In such cases, it can be difficult to recognize the source information as well as to check the originality/intactness of the digital data. In the recent past, several techniques have come into existence to protect digital data against security issues. Steganography, cryptography, and watermarking are examples of security techniques, which have been widely used for data security and forensic applications for a long time. Specifically, digital watermarking techniques provide many useful features to help users regarding data security and authentication without affecting other data characteristics. This work is an attempt to provide a review of recent digital image watermarking approaches for forensic applications.\u0000","PeriodicalId":299746,"journal":{"name":"Current Forensic Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124567055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Colorimetric Scale as an Aid for Estimating Temperature of Burnt Bone","authors":"E. Nuzzolese, Francesco Lupariello, L. Tattoli, G. Vella","doi":"10.2174/2666484401666221228150116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666484401666221228150116","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Forensic pathologists, archeologists, and forensic anthropologists are often required to interpret burnt bones. One of the key factors for an accurate interpretation of the remains and the events leading to incineration is the estimation of the maximum exposure temperature of the human remains. Several types of research focus on temperature estimation, using color assessment, histology observations, and mechanical changes, which can help in the most accurate interpretation. The color of burnt bone is inevitably related to the time and temperature(s) to which it was exposed, the size and condition of the bone, and the environment. Nevertheless, it can be possible to estimate exposure temperature based on visual observation and analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Development of a colorimetric scale for photographic documentation and the color calibration of burnt bone.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This paper proposes a patented prototype scale with calibrated colors of burnt bone colors at different temperatures, based on the existing RGB color published data as a visual aid in the interpretation and estimation of the maximum temperature exposure of burnt bone.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Authors are aware that the estimation of the maximum temperature of burnt bone cannot be determined solely by colors. Visual color recognition is prone to errors.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The proposed device should be considered a tool during photography of burnt bone and aid in interpreting temperature estimates.\u0000","PeriodicalId":299746,"journal":{"name":"Current Forensic Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125513611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence: An Advanced Evolution In Forensics And Criminal Investigation","authors":"Saurav Yadav, Shalini Yadav, Preeti Verma, Smriti Ojha, Sudhanshu Mishra","doi":"10.2174/2666484401666220819111603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666484401666220819111603","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000It is aimed, with the use of modern sciences & technologies and also the use of new, latest and future technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to develop enhanced and extended ways to promote the technology for forensics of all its sectors (AI). A program or computer program is capable of carrying out human functions such as visual awareness, voice recognition, cognitive reasoning, strategic thinking, understanding from experiences, and solving complicated issues at a greater rate and with smaller mistake rates than humans. AI is also the most developing sector for advances in the field of forensics and the system of justice. In today's situation, specialists are faced with numerous problems because of enormous quantities of data, minute facts in the chaotic and complex environment, traditional lab architecture, and sometimes inadequate information, which might fail to do an inquiry or a miscarriage of justice. AI is a waffle to combat the difficulties of machine learning and profound learning. Case-based reasoning for error-free and objective outcomes in many forensic areas, neural networks, and reproductive results. The study discusses AI's current and potential future uses in forensic science. Artificial intelligence may be used in a variety of applications, including blood pattern recognition and analysis, crime scene reconstruction, digital forensics, image processing, and, of course, satellite monitoring.\u0000","PeriodicalId":299746,"journal":{"name":"Current Forensic Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116066423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending Hand Geometry to Gripping Hand Biometric for Forensic Identification","authors":"Chen Wang, Ruxin Wang, Kaitlyn Madden","doi":"10.2174/2666484401666220701124155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666484401666220701124155","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":299746,"journal":{"name":"Current Forensic Science","volume":"414 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124434761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Gender Identification by “Alu” Insertion on \u0000Y chromosome for Forensic Mass Disaster","authors":"Mohammad Hasan Israfil, R. Begum, G. Sultana","doi":"10.2174/2666484401666220520090842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2666484401666220520090842","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Gender determination of human samples is critical in Forensic Identification. The most popular forensic kit AmpliFlSTR® is based on Short Tandem Repeat (STR), and gender determination is performed on a single copy Amelogenin gene which has X and Y homologous chromosomes. This method is not sufficiently sensitive for degraded and a small number of samples and requires a lengthy time. Further, this method needs fragment analysis by Genetic Analyzer and an analytical kit for sample preparation which is costly and not available for public support developing country.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Thus, it is urgent to have an alternative, quick, and cost-effective gender identification method during mass disasters.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We proposed to use an alternative PCR method with a single AluSTYa primer and compare it with our designed primer to identify male and female DNA samples in mass disasters when identification is crucial.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the current research, we scanned 16 samples from the fire incidence area known as Mohammadpur slam of Dhaka city in different time frames, where bodies were partially burnt. Patients were admitted to the burn unit of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Thirty-six unknown samples from the healthy cohort were included from the Dhaka University campus for comparison. Modified Alu primer was used in addition to known commercial AluSTYa primers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study shows that our designed primer and commercial AluSTYa primer can identify Alu insertion by a simple PCR method into a non-recombinant Y homologous region. The results shows the high quality of DNA extracted from the burnt specimens and 100% difference in the number of bands in X and Y chromosomes by a simple, robust, and cost-effective PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis method for gender identification.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This method can be applied to mass disaster incidents where rapid gender identification of unknown persons is urgent for forensic purposes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":299746,"journal":{"name":"Current Forensic Science","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127456705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}