Autism in Adulthood最新文献

{"title":"Why Are Autistic People More Likely to Experience Suicidal Thoughts? Applying the Integrated Motivational-Volitional Model with Autistic Adults.","authors":"Jessica Graham, Jacqui Rodgers, Sarah Cassidy","doi":"10.1089/aut.2023.0039","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aut.2023.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autistic people are at considerably greater risk of suicidality than non-autistic people, and the reasons behind this are not fully understood. Current suicide theories may be useful to help further our understanding of the mechanisms behind autistic suicidality. We aimed to test the key predictors of suicidal ideation-defeat and entrapment-as described in the integrated motivational-volitional (IMV) model of suicide behavior, in an autistic group. We also looked to extend the IMV model by including autism-related constructs of camouflaging and intolerance of uncertainty (IU).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 374 autistic adults from the community (female 42.5%; 18-63 years of age), who completed a cross-sectional online survey between August 2020 and January 2021. We collected data on lifetime suicidality, depression symptoms, defeat, entrapment, camouflaging, and IU.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that entrapment significantly mediated the relationship between defeat and suicidal ideation. Camouflaging and IU were not found to moderate this pathway but were found to be significantly associated with suicidal ideation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that entrapment mediates the relationship between defeat and suicidality in autistic adults. This is consistent with the predictions in the motivational phase of the IMV model of suicidal behavior, suggesting that this model is useful for understanding autistic suicidality. We did not find evidence that camouflaging and IU act as moderators within the mediated model. Nevertheless, there is some evidence that camouflaging and IU are worthwhile constructs to be aware of for future work researching autistic suicidality.</p>","PeriodicalId":29965,"journal":{"name":"Autism in Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11447394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45319661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Living Independently Means Everything to Me\": The Voice of Australian Autistic Adults.","authors":"Mustafa Al Ansari, Chris Edwards, Vicki Gibbs","doi":"10.1089/aut.2022.0102","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aut.2022.0102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the desire of many autistic adults to live independently, recent studies suggest that only about one in six autistic adults do. This includes living alone, with a partner, or with friends. This is a rate that is lower than adults with other disabilities. Existing studies from other countries have explored the potential barriers to independent living, with very few exploring the actual experiences of autistic adults. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no published studies exploring the firsthand moving out experiences of autistic adults globally and none that have explored their independent living experiences in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Autistic adults with independent living experience in Australia were invited to partake in an interview to understand their moving out and independent living experiences. Interviews were held virtually, audio recorded, and transcribed. Transcriptions were coded in NVivo and thematically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11 autistic adults were interviewed (aged 21-50 years). Three key themes were derived from the interviews. Autistic adults perceived independent living as important to have their own space with added autonomy and control (Theme 1). However, autistic adults shared that the moving out process and independent living comes with many challenges, and currently supports are limited (Theme 2). Nine of the 11 participants were diagnosed as adults, and they shared the importance of diagnosis and how an earlier diagnosis may have influenced their choice of accommodation and living arrangements (Theme 3).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings from this study reiterate the importance of independent living to autistic adults and shed light on the challenges of transitioning to independent living. It further adds to the growing literature about the importance of early diagnosis on later life choices. Better pathways toward adult diagnosis and the provision of supports for the moving out process would be useful to ease transition to independent living for autistic adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":29965,"journal":{"name":"Autism in Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11447388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46708617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"You Are the Expert of Your Own Experience\": A Thematic Analysis of Experiences of Autism and Gender Diversity in Adulthood.","authors":"Amelia Glackin, Amy Pearson, Rachael Davis","doi":"10.1089/aut.2022.0111","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aut.2022.0111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autistic people are more likely to report gender dysphoric traits, and transgender and gender-expansive individuals frequently report higher scores on self-report measures of autistic traits. Despite the clear association between autism and gender diversity, there is a dearth of qualitative research exploring the lived experiences of autistic adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study contributes to the evidence base by exploring the strengths and challenges of the intersectional experiences of autism and gender diversity in adulthood. Twelve transgender/gender-expansive autistic people participated in an online semi-structured interview or an open-ended survey, and reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three main themes were identified: (1) Navigating a gender journey, (2) The impact of social context on self, and (3) Provision of health care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the importance of acknowledging the unique experiences of being both an autistic and transgender/gender-expansive person to further understand the intersection between autism and gender diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":29965,"journal":{"name":"Autism in Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11447393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45558492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodivergence and the Rabbit Hole of Extremism: Uncovering Lived Experience","authors":"Sachindri Wijekoon, John Robison, Christie Welch, Alexander Westphal, Rachel Loftin, Barbara Perry, Victoria Rombos, Christian Picciolini, Catherine Bosy, Lili Senman, Patrick Jachyra, Simon Baron-Cohen, Melanie Penner","doi":"10.1089/aut.2023.0192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2023.0192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29965,"journal":{"name":"Autism in Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“There’s Only So Much the School Can Change About Itself … Before You Need to Change Something About Yourself”—a Qualitative Analysis of the Experiences of Neurodivergent Student Teachers","authors":"Caryll Jack, Laura Crane, Aisling Kenny, Caralyn Blaisdell, Rachael Davis","doi":"10.1089/aut.2024.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2024.0047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29965,"journal":{"name":"Autism in Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Going Through Life on Hard Mode”—The Experience of Late Diagnosis of Autism and/or ADHD: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Blandine French, Sarah Cassidy","doi":"10.1089/aut.2024.0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2024.0085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29965,"journal":{"name":"Autism in Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships Between Autistic Trait Dimensions and Speech Understanding, Affective Sound Intolerance, and Self-Reported Hearing Difficulties","authors":"Peter Bang, Kajsa M. Igelström","doi":"10.1089/aut.2023.0198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2023.0198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29965,"journal":{"name":"Autism in Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"It Helps Make the Fuzzy Go Away\": Autistic Adults' Perspectives on Nature's Relationship with Well-being Through the Life Course.","authors":"Samantha Friedman, Roan Noble, Steph Archer, Jenny Gibson, Claire Hughes","doi":"10.1089/aut.2023.0009","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aut.2023.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While previous work highlights the links between nature and various positive well-being-related outcomes, the experiences of autistic people in nature have received limited empirical research. Our study aimed at gathering autistic adults' perspectives on the relationship between nature and well-being in both childhood and adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used an online survey to capture the views of 127 autistic adults across the United Kingdom. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we analyzed responses to three questions focused on nature experiences in childhood and adulthood and how the participants felt that nature was (or was not) related to well-being. Guided by self-determination theory, we used both inductive and deductive analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We developed three main themes to reflect the nature experiences of autistic adults: <i>choosing to escape into nature, supporting relatedness through connecting in (and to) nature,</i> and <i>nature doesn't judge, but other people do</i>. Compared with many other contexts, nature provides a non-judgmental space through which (in both childhood and adulthood) many, but not all, autistic individuals can meet individual needs and experience autonomy, relatedness, and competence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis of how autistic adults in the United Kingdom utilize nature to support well-being has implications for how nature can be used in social prescribing as well as in ensuring that existing outdoor spaces, organizations, and activities are supportive of autistic people.</p>","PeriodicalId":29965,"journal":{"name":"Autism in Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49012634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Experiences of Autistic People When Facemask Wearing and Interacting with Masked Individuals.","authors":"Anna Clegg, Jade Wood, Hannah Hobson, Felicity Sedgewick","doi":"10.1089/aut.2022.0091","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aut.2022.0091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization recommended that individuals use a facemask to prevent the ongoing spread of COVID-19. Many governments implemented this recommendation into law. However, the increased usage of facemasks may have had particular impacts on the autistic population, due to differences in emotion processing, sensory issues, and anxiety about regularly changing rules. This research aimed to investigate the lived experiences of autistic people when wearing facemasks and their experiences interacting with others wearing facemasks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, the research team conducted a content analysis of social media posts (<i>n</i> = 124) created by autistic individuals. Based on this, we developed a novel questionnaire and distributed it so that autistic adults could share their facemask experiences (<i>n</i> = 49).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven main themes were identified from the social media analyses: general attitudes toward masks, sensory issues, \"wear-a-mask\" message, rules and expectations, sunflower lanyards, social problems and benefits, and mask exemption. Secondary questionnaire responses highlighted that the experience of facemasks was mixed. Many individuals experienced sensory issues. Yet, for some individuals, there were benefits: they did not have to monitor their facial expressions to camouflage their autistic responses. Participants reported differing opinions on the topic of mask exemption, and the sunflower lanyard as a symbol of mask exemption. Data did not suggest anxiety around rule changes but did suggest feelings of anger at others who were perceived not to be following the rules.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the mixed experiences of autistic people with facemasks and suggest lessons for future events in which there are rapid changes to public health messaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":29965,"journal":{"name":"Autism in Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46239564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Autistic Traits and Quality of Life: Investigation of Indirect Effects Through Self-Determination.","authors":"Helen E Andrews, Darren Hedley, Simon M Bury","doi":"10.1089/aut.2022.0117","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aut.2022.0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-determination, described broadly as experiencing causal agency, is positively associated with quality of life (QoL) and increases through satisfaction of three basic psychological needs: <i>autonomy</i> (feeling able to make choices free from pressure), <i>competence</i> (perceived self-efficacy), and <i>relatedness</i> (social connection). Both unsupportive environments and challenges with social interaction can interfere with satisfaction of psychological needs. Social challenges are a key trait for autism diagnosis, and unsupportive environments are also known to adversely affect QoL for autistic people. Autistic people report, on average, lower self-determination than non-autistic people. Therefore, it is hypothesized that higher levels of autistic traits may reduce opportunities to develop self-determination, affecting QoL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We tested a parallel indirect effects model where we hypothesized that the relationships between autistic traits and four domains of QoL (psychological, social, physical, and environmental) would be indirectly influenced through self-determination (represented through satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for <i>autonomy</i>, <i>competence</i>, and <i>relatedness</i>). This study drew participants from the general population (<i>N</i> = 262; <i>M</i> _AGE = 37.6, standard deviation = 11.92; 1.9% reported an autism diagnosis and 2.7% identified as autistic without a diagnosis). Participants completed an online survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher levels of autistic traits were associated with lower levels of self-determination and lower levels of QoL, and there was a significant indirect effect between autistic traits and QoL via self-determination. More specifically, we found a significant indirect effect between autistic traits and all QoL domains via <i>competence</i>; between autistic traits and the environmental, social, and psychological QoL domains via <i>relatedness</i>; and between autistic traits and the physical and environmental QoL domains through <i>autonomy</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that supporting satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness may represent an important element in designing effective programs to support the development of self-determination in people with higher levels of autistic traits (potentially including autistic individuals) and also to support these people to improve their QoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":29965,"journal":{"name":"Autism in Adulthood","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11317804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60803270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}