The Development and Evaluation of a Cross-Context Employment Program for Autistic Adolescents.

Abstract

Vocational programs typically focus on building the skills of autistic youth. However, there is growing recognition that the supportive environment (or ecosystem) around an individual plays an important role in finding and maintaining work. Programs at the ecosystem-level can be established by coordinating support before high school ends. Cocreation of a vocational program by support providers can facilitate an integrated effort to prepare autistic youth for employment. In this study, we describe and evaluate the Job-Train Program (JTP), a vocational program for autistic high school students codesigned with educators and a community-based social services agency. A school board, community-based social services agency, and academics partnered to cocreate JTP. JTP combined skill teaching and paid supported employment on a university campus. This pilot study evaluated JTP using qualitative and quantitative data. Twelve autistic youth were recruited, aged 15-18 years (10 males, 2 females) with an average intelligence quotient of 101.9 (standard deviation = 14.4), from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-2. Youth and parents completed self-report measures (pre-post), including the primary outcome, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Post-JTP, interviews, focus groups, and surveys collected additional information from youth (n = 11), parents (n = 10), job coaches (n = 5), and employers (n = 8). Youth COPM scores indicated significant improvements in self-perceived ratings of skill performance (z = -2.5, p = 0.01) and satisfaction (z = -2.6, p = 0.01). Qualitative data corroborated COPM results noting youth skill improvements in self-esteem, independence, communication, and understanding work. Findings demonstrated a promising vocational training model for autistic high school students informing the development of integrated service pathways to support preparation for employment.