Med最新文献

{"title":"OnSIDES database: Extracting adverse drug events from drug labels using natural language processing models.","authors":"Yutaro Tanaka, Hsin Yi Chen, Pietro Belloni, Undina Gisladottir, Jenna Kefeli, Jason Patterson, Apoorva Srinivasan, Michael Zietz, Gaurav Sirdeshmukh, Jacob Berkowitz, Kathleen LaRow Brown, Nicholas P Tatonetti","doi":"10.1016/j.medj.2025.100642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2025.100642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adverse drug events (ADEs) are the fourth leading cause of death in the US and cost billions of dollars annually in increased healthcare costs. However, few machine-readable databases of ADEs exist, limiting our capacity to study drug safety on a broader, systematic scale. Recent advances in natural language processing methods, such as BERT models, present an opportunity to accurately extract relevant information from unstructured biomedical text.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We fine-tune a PubMedBERT model to extract ADE terms from text in FDA Structured Product Labels for prescription drugs. Here, we present OnSIDES (on-label side effects resource), a compiled, machine-friendly database of drug-ADE pairs generated with this method. We further utilize this method to extract pediatric-specific ADEs, serious ADEs from labels' \"Boxed Warnings\" section, and ADEs from drug labels of other major nations-the UK, the European Union, and Japan-to build a complementary OnSIDES-INTL database. To present OnSIDES' potential applications, we leverage the database to predict novel drug targets and indications, analyze enrichment of ADEs across drug classes, and predict novel ADEs from chemical compound structures.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We achieve an F1 score of 0.90, AUROC of 0.92, and AUPR of 0.95 at extracting ADEs from the labels' \"Adverse Reactions\" section. OnSIDES contains over 3.6 million drug-ADE pairs for 3,233 unique drug ingredient combinations extracted from 47,211 labels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OnSIDES can be used as a comprehensive resource to study and enhance drug safety.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>R35GM131905 to N.P.T.; T32GM145440 to H.Y.C.; and T15LM007079 to U.G., M.Z., and K.L.B.</p>","PeriodicalId":29964,"journal":{"name":"Med","volume":" ","pages":"100642"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theranostic methodology for ex vivo donor lung rehabilitation.","authors":"Meghan R Pinezich, John D O'Neill, Brandon A Guenthart, Jinho Kim, Olaia F Vila, Stephen P Ma, Ya-Wen Chen, Ahmed E Hozain, Aravind Krishnan, Moeed Fawad, Katherine M Cunningham, Holly M Wobma, Julie Van Hassel, Hans-Willem Snoeck, Matthew Bacchetta, Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic","doi":"10.1016/j.medj.2025.100644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2025.100644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>About 80% of donor lungs are not utilized for transplantation. Cross-circulation of ex vivo lungs with a support swine enables the rehabilitation of donor lungs that are initially deemed unsuitable for transplantation. Robust therapeutic and diagnostic modalities are needed for ex vivo lung rehabilitation; however, no standardized \"theranostic\" methodology has been reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ex vivo lungs (n = 23; 17 injured and 6 controls) with multi-focal contusion (n = 6, human), gastric aspiration injury (n = 8, swine), ischemia-reperfusion injury (n = 3, swine), or no injury (n = 6, swine) were used to develop a therapeutic and diagnostic (theranostic) methodology for ex vivo lung rehabilitation during cross-circulation. Airway (bronchoscopic, nebulized), intravascular, and transpleural access enabled sample collection and therapeutic delivery. Diagnostic modalities included non-invasive imaging, functional testing, and molecular assays. Therapeutic modalities included bronchoalveolar lavage, surfactant replacement, recruitment maneuvers, and cell/organoid delivery. Real-time tracking of delivered cells was performed via fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Diagnostic assessments revealed tissue-, cell-, and molecular-level insights at global and regional scales of ex vivo lungs during cross-circulation, which informed therapeutic management and interventions to recover donor lungs. Mesenchymal stromal cells and lung organoids were delivered bronchoscopically and transpleurally, tracked non-invasively during cross-circulation, and observed to localize within the parenchyma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Application of a theranostic methodology during cross-circulation enabled real-time ex vivo lung assessment and rehabilitation across a variety of lung injuries to help increase clinical utilization of donor lungs in the future.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>NIH (P41 EB027062, R01HL120046, U01HL134760), CFF (VUNJAK23XX0).</p>","PeriodicalId":29964,"journal":{"name":"Med","volume":" ","pages":"100644"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of DV in HER2-negative and HER2-low locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: Results of a phase 2 study.","authors":"Xieqiao Yan, Juan Li, Huayan Xu, Yiqiang Liu, Li Zhou, Siming Li, Xiaowen Wu, Bixia Tang, Zhihong Chi, Chuanliang Cui, Lu Si, Lili Mao, Bin Lian, Xuan Wang, Rong Duan, Caili Li, Jianmin Fang, Jun Guo, Xinan Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.medj.2025.100637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medj.2025.100637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has emerged as a new target for metastatic urothelial carcinomas (mUCs). Disitamab vedotin (DV), an anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), demonstrates a promising efficacy in patients with HER2-positive mUC. However, the role of DV in HER2-negative and HER2-low mUCs remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with HER2-negative and HER2-low (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 0 or 1+) mUCs who received ≥1 line of systemic chemotherapy were included. Patients received 2 mg/kg DV intravenously once every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Nineteen patients with UC were enrolled from September 2019 to December 2021. The median age was 64.0 years. 15 patients (79%) had visceral metastases. HER2 IHC 0 and 1+ were detected in 6 and 13 patients, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, the confirmed ORR was 31.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.6, 56.6), and the disease control rate was 94.7% (18/19). The median PFS and OS were 5.5 (95% CI: 3.9, 5.7) and 16.4 (6.8, 26.8) months, respectively. Common treatment related adverse events were mostly grade 1 or 2, including leukopenia (52.6%) and hypoesthesia (47.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first exploratory trial demonstrating substantial anti-tumor activity and a manageable safety profile using a HER2-targeting agent in patients with HER2-low mUC. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04073602).</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>The study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China, the Natural Science Foundation of Tibet Autonomous Region, the Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation, and RemeGen, Ltd.</p>","PeriodicalId":29964,"journal":{"name":"Med","volume":" ","pages":"100637"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-warning signals and the role of H9N2 in the spillover of avian influenza viruses.","authors":"Yan-He Wang, Jin-Jin Chen, Jun Ma, Jonathan E Owen, Guo-Lin Wang, Lin-Jie Yu, Chun-Xi Shan, Yao Tian, Chen-Long Lv, Tao Wang, Yan Zhang, Sheng-Hong Lin, Xin-Jing Zhao, Sheng Zhang, Wang-Qian Wei, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Tian Tang, Xin-Lou Li, Tao Jiang, Jing Li, Xiao-Ai Zhang, Feng Hong, Simon I Hay, Yan-Song Sun, Wei Liu, Li-Qun Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.medj.2025.100639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2025.100639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The spillover of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) presents a significant global public health threat, leading to unpredictable and recurring pandemics. Current pandemic assessment tools suffer from deficiencies in terms of timeliness, capability for automation, and ability to generate risk estimates for multiple subtypes in the absence of documented human cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address these challenges, we created an integrated database encompassing global AIV-related data from 1981 to 2022. This database enabled us to estimate the rapid expansion of spatial range and host diversity for specific AIV subtypes, alongside their increasing prevalence in hosts that have close contact with humans. These factors were used as early-warning signals for potential AIV spillover. We analyzed spillover patterns of AIVs using machine learning models, spatial Durbin models, and phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Our results indicate a high potential for future spillover by subtypes H3N1, H4N6, H5N2, H5N3, H6N2, and H11N9. Additionally, we identified a significant risk for re-emergence by subtypes H5N1, H5N6, H5N8, and H9N2. Furthermore, our analysis highlighted 12 key strains of H9N2 as internal genetic donors for human adaptation in AIVs, demonstrating the crucial role of H9N2 in facilitating AIV spillover.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide a foundation for rapidly identifying high-risk subtypes, thus optimizing resource allocation in vaccine manufacture. They also underscore the potential significance of reducing the prevalence of H9N2 as a complementary strategy to mitigate chances of AIV spillovers.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>National Key Research and Development Program of China.</p>","PeriodicalId":29964,"journal":{"name":"Med","volume":" ","pages":"100639"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guselkumab in moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: Another interleukin-23p19 subunit inhibitor or more?","authors":"Ambrogio Orlando, Fabio Salvatore Macaluso","doi":"10.1016/j.medj.2025.100605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2025.100605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The QUASAR clinical development program evaluated the efficacy of guselkumab-an IL-23p19 subunit inhibitor-for the treatment of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis.¹ Guselkumab demonstrated rapid control of symptoms, as well as significant rates of objective disease remission. However, real-world evidence will be crucial to confirm these findings in patient subgroups that were not included in the QUASAR program.</p>","PeriodicalId":29964,"journal":{"name":"Med","volume":"6 3","pages":"100605"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating immunotherapy in the treatment of resectable gastric cancer: Are we on the right track?","authors":"Roberto Pazo-Cid, Paula Gomila Pons","doi":"10.1016/j.medj.2024.10.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2024.10.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long et al.¹ evaluated neoadjuvant (NAT) cadonilimab plus FLOT chemotherapy (ChT) in locally advanced gastric (G) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma, showing a pathological complete response (pCR) rate of 21.1% and an R0 resection rate of 100%. These findings align with other perioperative immunotherapy trials, although challenges remain in optimizing event-free survival (EFS).</p>","PeriodicalId":29964,"journal":{"name":"Med","volume":"6 3","pages":"100543"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arab founder variants: Contributions to clinical genomics and precision medicine.","authors":"Lama AlAbdi, Sateesh Maddirevula, Bayan Aljamal, Halima Hamid, Aisha Almulhim, Mais O Hashem, Yusra Algoos, Mashael Alqahtani, Shahad Albaloshi, Mohammed Alghamdi, Mohammed Alduaylij, Hanan E Shamseldin, Seba Nadeef, Nisha Patel, Firdous Abdulwahab, Omar Abouyousef, Tarfa Alshidi, Amal Jaafar, Mohamed Abouelhoda, Adel Alhazzani, Ahmed Alfares, Ahmad Qudair, Ahood Alsulaiman, Amal Alhashem, Arif O Khan, Aziza Chedrawi, Basel Alebdi, Fahad AlAjlan, Fawaz Alotaibi, Hamad Alzaidan, Hanaa Banjar, Hanem Abdelraouf, Hisham Alkuraya, Iman Abumansour, Khowlah Alfayez, Maha Tulbah, Mohammed Alowain, Mohammed Alqahtani, Mohammed El-Kalioby, Mohammad Shboul, Raashda Sulaiman, Saed Al Tala, Sameena Khan, Serdar Coskun, Sobaihi Mrouge, Walaa Alenazi, Zuhair Rahbeeni, Fowzan S Alkuraya","doi":"10.1016/j.medj.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medj.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Founder variants are ancestral variants shared by individuals who are not closely related. The large effect size of some of these variants in the context of Mendelian disorders offers numerous precision medicine opportunities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using one of the largest datasets on Mendelian disorders in the Middle East, we identified 2,908 medically relevant founder variants derived from 18,360 exomes and genomes and investigated their contribution to the clinical annotation of the human genome.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Strikingly, ∼34% of Arab founder variants are absent in gnomAD. We found a strong contribution of Arab founder variants to the identification of novel gene-disease links (n = 224) and the support/dispute (n = 81 support, n = 101 dispute) of previously reported candidate gene-disease links. The powerful segregation evidence generated by Arab founder variants allowed many ClinVar and Human Gene Mutation Database variants to be reclassified. Overall, 39.5% of diagnostic reports from our clinical lab are based on founder variants, and 19.41% of tested individuals carry at least one pathogenic founder variant. The presumptive loss-of-function mechanism that typically underlies autosomal recessive diseases means that Arab founder variants also offer unique opportunities in \"druggable genome\" research. Arab founder variants were also informative of migration patterns in the Middle East consistent with documented historical accounts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We highlight the contribution of founder variants from an under-represented population group to precision medicine and inform future prevention programs. Our study also sheds light on the added value of these variants in supplementing other lines of research in tracing population history.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>There is no funding for this work.</p>","PeriodicalId":29964,"journal":{"name":"Med","volume":" ","pages":"100528"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new standard for HCC: The high stakes of TACE-immunotherapy combinations.","authors":"Antonio D'Alessio, Lorenza Rimassa","doi":"10.1016/j.medj.2025.100635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2025.100635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has long been the standard for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but two recent phase 3 trials have redefined treatment paradigms. The EMERALD-1¹ and LEAP-012² trials demonstrated significant progression-free survival improvement with TACE combined with durvalumab/bevacizumab or pembrolizumab/lenvatinib, respectively, but doubts remain regarding the patient selection and the toxicity of these novel combinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":29964,"journal":{"name":"Med","volume":"6 3","pages":"100635"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoadjuvant cadonilimab plus FLOT chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: A multicenter, phase 2 study.","authors":"Bo Long, Huinian Zhou, Zeyuan Yu, Junmin Zhu, Hanteng Yang, Zeping Huang, Dengwen Wei, Shigong Chen, Xiaojun Yang, Xiaoning Zhao, Wenjuan Zhang, Hong Yan, Xiaoying Guan, Long Li, Gengyuan Zhang, Hongwei Yu, Shengfu Che, Zhongti Gao, Xiangyan Jiang, Changjiang Luo, Jie Mao, Da Zhao, Yumin Li, Zebin Jiang, Zuoyi Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.medj.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.medj.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment with cadonilimab and chemotherapy has shown promise as a first-line treatment for gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma. However, its application in neoadjuvant settings has not yet been documented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter, phase 2 trial (ChiCTR2200066893) was conducted at four hospitals across China. Treatment-naive patients with locally advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinoma (cT3/4, N+, M0) and who were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative received 3-cycle or 4-cycle neoadjuvant treatment of cadonilimab plus FLOT (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel) chemotherapy, followed by gastrectomy and 4-cycle adjuvant FLOT chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the pathological complete response (pCR) rate. Secondary endpoints included major pathological response (MPR), overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), R0 resection rate, downstaging rate, and safety.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between December 23, 2022, and December 15, 2023, 32 of 38 patients completed the scheduled treatment, achieving an R0 resection rate of 100% (32/32). The pCR rate was 21.1% (8/38, 90% confidence interval [CI]: 9.7-32.4), and the MPR rate was 44.7% (17/38, 90% CI: 30.9-58.5). Radiological evaluations were available for 28 of 38 patients by blinded independent central review. The ORR was 60.7% (17/28, 90% CI: 44.7-76.7), and the DCR was 100.0% (28/28, 90% CI: 100.0-100.0). Tumor downstaging occurred in 71.9% of patients (23/32), with consistent efficacy across all populations observed in the subgroup analysis. Grade 3 adverse events occurred in 31.6% of patients without severe safety issues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neoadjuvant cadonilimab plus FLOT chemotherapy treatment exhibits promising efficacy with manageable toxicities in locally advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinoma, providing preliminary evidence for further investigation.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>This study was funded by Akeso Biopharma.</p>","PeriodicalId":29964,"journal":{"name":"Med","volume":" ","pages":"100531"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142629129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brewing up physician-scientists: An issue of percolation.","authors":"Luay Almassalha, Kyle L MacQuarrie","doi":"10.1016/j.medj.2025.100610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2025.100610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physician-scientists are a small proportion of the physician workforce. As early-career near-peer physician-scientists, we find value in the intersection of our expertise. This \"percolation\" overcomes both systemic and individual barriers. We propose that efforts to develop relationships between pairs of early-career physician-scientists would bolster the physician-scientist pipeline.</p>","PeriodicalId":29964,"journal":{"name":"Med","volume":"6 3","pages":"100610"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}