T. Nast, J. Olson, P. Champagne, E. Roth, G. Kaldas, E. Saito, V. Loung, B. McCay, A. Kenton, C. Dobbins
{"title":"Fast cooldown coaxial pulse tube microcooler","authors":"T. Nast, J. Olson, P. Champagne, E. Roth, G. Kaldas, E. Saito, V. Loung, B. McCay, A. Kenton, C. Dobbins","doi":"10.1117/12.2225327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2225327","url":null,"abstract":"We report the development and initial testing of the Lockheed Martin first-article, single-stage, compact, coaxial, Fast Cooldown Pulse Tube Microcryocooler (FC-PTM). The new cryocooler supports cooling requirements for emerging large, high operating temperature (105-150K) infrared focal plane array sensors with nominal cooling loads of ~300 mW @105K @293K ambient. This is a sequel development that builds on our inline and coaxial pulse tube microcryocoolers reported at CEC 20137, ICC188,9, and CEC201510. The new FC-PTM and the prior units all share our long life space technology attributes, which typically have 10 year life requirements1. The new prototype microcryocooler builds on the previous development by incorporating cold head design improvements in two key areas: 1) reduced cool-down time and 2) novel repackaging that greatly reduces envelope. The new coldhead and Dewar were significantly redesigned from the earlier versions in order to achieve a cooldown time of 2-3 minutes-- a projected requirement for tactical applications. A design approach was devised to reduce the cold head length from 115mm to 55mm, while at the same time reducing cooldown time. We present new FC-PTM performance test measurements with comparisons to our previous pulse-tube microcryocooler measurements and design predictions. The FC-PTM exhibits attractive small size, volume, weight, power and cost (SWaP-C) features with sufficient cooling capacity over required ambient conditions that apply to an increasing variety of space and tactical applications.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121930938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Brown, W.-D. Zhang, A. Feldman, T. Harvey, R. Mirin, S. Sung, W. Grundfest, Z. Taylor
{"title":"Evolution of THz impulse imaging radar to 1550nm photoconductive switches","authors":"E. Brown, W.-D. Zhang, A. Feldman, T. Harvey, R. Mirin, S. Sung, W. Grundfest, Z. Taylor","doi":"10.1117/12.2224919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2224919","url":null,"abstract":"We present measurements of sub-bandgap photoconductivity and photoconductive switches using GaAs doped heavily with Er such that nanoparticles of ErAs are formed. In addition to strong resonant absorption centered around 1550 nm, the material provides strong sub-bandgap photoconductivity and >> μW average power levels when fabricated into an efficient (square spiral) THz antenna and driven by a 1550- nm ultrafast fiber laser. Photo-Hall measurements prove that the predominant photocarrier is the electron and the linearity of the 1550-nm photocurrent (with laser power) suggests that the photoconductivity is “extrinsic”, not other possible mechanisms, such as two-photon absorption. These results have immediate relevance to the use of GaAs:Er switches as the transmitter in 1550-nm-driven THz imaging systems such as the “impulse imager” that we have successfully used for biomedical imaging applications.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116801572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advanced terahertz techniques for quality control and counterfeit detection","authors":"Kiarash Ahi, M. Anwar","doi":"10.1117/12.2228684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2228684","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports our invented methods for detection of counterfeit electronic. These versatile techniques are also handy in quality control applications. Terahertz pulsed laser systems are capable of giving the material characteristics and thus make it possible to distinguish between the materials used in authentic components and their counterfeit clones. Components with material defects can also be distinguished in section in this manner. In this work different refractive indices and absorption coefficients were observed for counterfeit components compared to their authentic counterparts. Existence of unexpected ingredient materials was detected in counterfeit components by Fourier Transform analysis of the transmitted terahertz pulse. Thicknesses of different layers are obtainable by analyzing the reflected terahertz pulse. Existence of unexpected layers is also detectable in this manner. Recycled, sanded and blacktopped counterfeit electronic components were detected as a result of these analyses. Counterfeit ICs with die dislocations were detected by depicting the terahertz raster scanning data in a coordinate plane which gives terahertz images. In the same manner, raster scanning of the reflected pulse gives terahertz images of the surfaces of the components which were used to investigate contaminant materials and sanded points on the surfaces. The results of the later technique, reveals the recycled counterfeit components.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"12378 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126787835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Barcelata-Pinzón, C. Meneses Fabián, R. Juarez-Salazar, M. Durán-Sánchez, R. Álvarez-Tamayo, C. Robledo-Sánchez, J. L. Muñoz-Mata, J. F. Casco-Vázquez
{"title":"Characterization of electromechanical actuator implemented to phase-shift system applied to a Michelson interferometer","authors":"A. Barcelata-Pinzón, C. Meneses Fabián, R. Juarez-Salazar, M. Durán-Sánchez, R. Álvarez-Tamayo, C. Robledo-Sánchez, J. L. Muñoz-Mata, J. F. Casco-Vázquez","doi":"10.1117/12.2224342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2224342","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical results are presented to show the characterization of an electromechanical actuator capable to achieve equally spaced phase shifts and fraction linear wavelength displacements aided by an interface and a computational system. Measurements were performed by extracting the phase with consecutive interference patterns obtained in a Michelson arrangement setup. This paper is based in the use of inexpensive resources on stability adverse conditions to achieve similar results to those obtained with high-grade systems.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131571231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Handheld THz security imaging","authors":"I. Duling","doi":"10.1117/12.2224095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2224095","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz energy, with its ability to penetrate clothing and non-conductive materials, has held much promise in the area of security scanning. Millimeter wave systems (300 GHz and below) have been widely deployed. These systems have used full two-dimensional surface imaging, and have resulted in privacy concerns. Pulsed terahertz imaging, can detect the presence of unwanted objects without the need for two-dimensional photographic imaging. With high-speed waveform acquisition it is possible to create handheld tools that can be used to locate anomalies under clothing or headgear looking exclusively at either single point waveforms or cross-sectional images which do not pose a privacy concern. Identification of the anomaly to classify it as a potential threat or a benign object is also possible.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"323 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122334228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formal verification of communication protocols using quantized Horn clauses","authors":"R. Balu","doi":"10.1117/12.2222590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2222590","url":null,"abstract":"The stochastic nature of quantum communication protocols naturally lends itself for expression via probabilistic logic languages. In this work we describe quantized computation using Horn clauses and base the semantics on quantum probability. Turing computable Horn clauses are very convenient to work with and the formalism can be extended to general form of first order languages. Towards this end we build a Hilbert space of H-interpretations and a corresponding non commutative von Neumann algebra of bounded linear operators. We demonstrate the expressive power of the language by casting quantum communication protocols as Horn clauses.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"9873 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129009736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of a Lyot filter plate in discrete frequency entanglement","authors":"R. Erdmann, D. Hughes","doi":"10.1117/12.2229368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2229368","url":null,"abstract":"Non-degenerate frequency entanglement has been reported in several recent experiments, since its original observation with Spontaneous Parametric Down-conversion. We report on a configuration based on a Lyot plate, which overcomes shortcomings of prior work by avoiding post-selection and state projection losses. This makes the process suitable, in principle, for use in efficient QKD protocols based on photon pairs entangled in frequency at remote locations.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"2252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130226368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Steidle, M. Fanto, C. Tison, Zihao Wang, P. Alsing, S. Preble
{"title":"Efficiently heralded silicon ring resonator photon-pair source","authors":"J. Steidle, M. Fanto, C. Tison, Zihao Wang, P. Alsing, S. Preble","doi":"10.1117/12.2223941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223941","url":null,"abstract":"Presented here are results on a silicon ring resonator photon pair source with a high heralding efficiency. Previous ring resonator sources suffered from an effective 50% loss because, in order to generate the photons, the pump must be able to couple into the resonator which is an effective loss channel. However, in practice the optical loss of the pump can be traded off for a dramatic increase in heralding efficiency. This research found theoretically that the heralding efficiency should increase by a factor of ∼ 3:75 with a factor of 10 increase in the required pump power. This was demonstrated experimentally by varying the separation (gap) between the input waveguide and the ring while maintaining a constant drop port gap. The ring (R = 18:5μm, W = 500nm, and H = 220nm) was pumped by a tunable laser (λ ≈ 1550nm). The non-degenerate photons, produced via spontaneous four wave mixing, exited the ring and were coupled to fiber upon which they were filtered symmetrically about the pump. Coincidence counts were collected for all possible photon path combinations (through and drop port) and the ratio of the drop port coincidences to the sum of the drop port and cross term coincidences (one photon from the drop port and one from the through port) was calculated. With a 350nm pump waveguide gap (2:33 times larger than the drop port gap) we confirmed our theoretical predictions, with an observed improvement in heralding efficiency by a factor of ∼ 2:61 (96:7% of correlated photons coupled out of the drop port). These results will enable increased photon flux integrated photon sources which can be utilized for high performance quantum computing and communication systems.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"9873 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129098530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microwave electric field sensing with Rydberg atoms","authors":"D. Stack, P. Kunz, D. H. Meyer, N. Solmeyer","doi":"10.1117/12.2223059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223059","url":null,"abstract":"Atoms form the basis of precise measurement for many quantities (time, acceleration, rotation, magnetic field, etc.). Measurements of microwave frequency electric fields by traditional methods (i.e. engineered antennas) have limited sensitivity and can be difficult to calibrate properly. Highly-excited (Rydberg) neutral atoms have very large electric-dipole moments and many dipole allowed transitions in the range of 1 - 500 GHz. It is possible to sensitively probe the electric field in this range using the combination of two quantum interference phenomena: electromagnetically induced transparency and the Autler-Townes effect. This technique allows for very sensitive field amplitude, polarization, and sub-wavelength imaging measurements. These quantities can be extracted by measuring properties of a probe laser beam as it passes through a warm rubidium vapor cell. Thus far, Rydberg microwave electrometry has relied upon the absorption of the probe laser. We report on our use of polarization rotation, which corresponds to the real part of the susceptibility, for measuring the properties of microwave frequency electric fields. Our simulations show that when a magnetic field is present and directed along the optical propagation direction a polarization rotation signal exists and can be used for microwave electrometry. One central advantage in using the polarization rotation signal rather than the absorption signal is that common mode laser noise is naturally eliminated leading to a potentially dramatic increase in signal-to-noise ratio.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126404090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Active quantum walks: a framework for quantum walks with adiabatic quantum evolution","authors":"Nan Wu, Fangmin Song, Xiangdong Li","doi":"10.1117/12.2228440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2228440","url":null,"abstract":"We study a new methodology for quantum walk based algorithms. Different from the passive quantum walk, in which a walker is guided by a quantum walk procedure, the new framework that we developed allows the walker to move by an adiabatic procedure of quantum evolution, as an active way. The use of this active quantum walk is helpful to develop new quantum walk based searching and optimization algorithms.","PeriodicalId":299313,"journal":{"name":"SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115097225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}