{"title":"Ultra-early medical treatment-oriented system identification using High-Dimension Low-Sample-Size data","authors":"Xun Shen , Naruto Shimada , Hampei Sasahara , Jun-ichi Imura","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ultra-early detection of diseases with High-Dimension Low-Sample-Size (HDLSS) data has been effectively addressed by the Dynamical Network Biomarkers (DNBs) theory. After ultra-early detection, it is crucial to consider ultra-early medical treatment for the detected disease. From the viewpoint of control engineering, ultra-early medical treatment is achieved by increasing the system’s stability and preventing the bifurcation, called re-stabilization. To implement effective re-stabilization, the system matrix is necessary. However, the available data in biological systems are often HDLSS, which is insufficient to identify the system matrix. In this paper, to realize HDLSS-based ultra-early medical treatment, we investigate an HDLSS data-based system matrix estimation method. First, HDLSS data is applied to compute the sample covariance matrix of the steady state. By assuming that the system matrix is sparse and the structure of the system matrix is known, it can utilize the Lyapunov equation to estimate the system matrix from the covariance matrix. The Lyapunov equation-based method gives a unique optimal estimation if the covariance matrix is full-rank. Otherwise, the optimal estimation is not unique. The sample covariance matrix computed from the HDLSS data is not full-rank. Thus, we apply shrinkage estimation to overcome the under-determined issue to obtain a well-conditioned covariance matrix with full rank. In addition, we confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method through numerical simulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468601824000063/pdfft?md5=cd099956eb34feb5eb9f755b1c10a82d&pid=1-s2.0-S2468601824000063-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139700060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Designing light stimulation for a pupillary–computer interface using binary code","authors":"Shintaro Nakatani , Naoyoshi Fujioka , Ariki Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the light reflex of the pupil relies on covert attention, it has been suggested for use as a non-contact, calibration-free human–computer interface. A vital aspect of the widespread adoption of this interface is the elevated information transfer rate. This study involved the design and assessment of binary light stimulation under conditions where the stimulation and discrimination systems operate asynchronously. Binary light stimulation, characterized by uniquely timed light flickering, enables the discrimination system to identify the gazed target through variations in pupil diameter. To enhance the temporal efficiency, a cyclic code was selected for binary coding. Algorithms for selecting optimal codes, determining phase-shift relationships, and designing binary codes with strategic location arrangements were developed. An experimental application of a template-matching-based classification algorithm yielded over 83% accuracy in identifying a gazed target among nine possibilities. The average information transfer rate was 30 bits/min under stable conditions. Additionally, by analyzing the values of the proposed evaluation functions, we can predict combinations prone to misclassification in the target classification. Practically, this research offers a robust method for brain–computer interfaces, potentially benefiting users with severe motor restrictions or in contexts requiring hands-free operation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139718697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ilyass El Myasse , Abdelmounime El Magri , Aziz Watil , Sara Ashfaq , Mohammed Kissaoui , Rachid Lajouad
{"title":"Improvement of real-time state estimation performance in HVDC systems using an adaptive nonlinear observer","authors":"Ilyass El Myasse , Abdelmounime El Magri , Aziz Watil , Sara Ashfaq , Mohammed Kissaoui , Rachid Lajouad","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>This paper proposes a novel adaptive nonlinear observer design for a voltage source converter based on high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission systems. We consider a system consisting of a power grid, and a converter station connected to an unknown load through a long </span>HVDC<span> cable. The primary contribution of this work is the development of a global high-gain observer that facilitates the estimation of all system states. Specifically, it encompasses the estimation of power grid parameters, such as the angular frequency and the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC), as well as the states of the HVDC cable and the current absorbed by the load. The performance of the proposed observer is assessed through theoretical analysis and simulations. Additionally, we implemented our observer on a </span></span>digital signal processor (DSP) eZdsp in a processor-in-the-loop (PIL) quasi-real-time setting. Experimental results, coupled with numerical simulations, showcase the outstanding performance of our proposed observer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139674737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel twofold control for delayed industrial processes with integrating and inverse response characteristics","authors":"Moina Ajmeri","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Non-self- regulating nature of integrating plant causes their regulation a great challenge to researchers. Presence of time delay and positive zero in such processes makes their control more demanding. A novel control technique is developed for such processes to cope with the difficult situations and achieve enhanced performance and robustness. Suggested method is twofold: first the Inner loop controller’s parameters are adjusted to stabilize the process using maximum sensitivity concept and then the outer loop control block is designed by specifying desired </span>setpoint tracking response in the frame of direct synthesis approach involving single tunable parameter. The tunable parameter’s values are obtained so that the robust stability condition is satisfied along with the justification of robust performance constraint in the presence of unstructured uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on different plants and its advantages over some existing methods are also highlighted. Suggested approach yields improved performance with less control effort and enhanced robustness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139635921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Delay-dependent recursive feasibility based switched model predictive control for nonlinear systems","authors":"Ali Rahdan, Mostafa Abedi","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>This paper presents a coordinated design of a model predictive controller (MPC) and switching law for delayed nonlinear switched systems with Lipschitz property. The article derives delay-dependent recursive feasibility constraints to handle disturbances in a polytopic form and incorporates them into the </span>optimization problem. The control gain at each step is determined to ensure the feasibility of the optimization problem during the execution time of each sub-system. Additionally, constraints related to the cost function and H</span><span><math><mi>∞</mi></math></span><span> performance conditions are introduced in the developed linear matrix inequality problem to minimize the cost function with an infinite predictive horizon and guarantee controller robustness against unknown constant delays. The coordinated design of the MPC and switching law is achieved using the multiple Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, which reduces the strictness of the controller constraints compared to the switched Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. However, it imposes a dwell-time limitation on the switching law. By adopting the PDT structure, the dwell-time limitation is reduced compared to common structures. To evaluate the proposed design, it is applied to a water pollution system, and its performance is assessed. The results demonstrate superior performance compared to previous works.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139637371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reduced order modeling of delta operator systems by optimal frequency fitting approach","authors":"Arindam Mondal , Souvik Ganguli , Prasanta Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The delta operator<span> modeling provides a unified framework for both continuous-time and discrete-time modeling in system theory. At high sampling rate, the shift operator fails to provide meaningful information whereas, the delta operator parameterized system provides the same results as of continuous time systems. In this paper reduced order modeling of delta operator parameterized systems is considered. A complex domain (</span></span><span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span><span><span>) optimal frequency matching (OFM) technique is proposed and frequency points are optimized using </span>Particle Swarm Optimization<span> (PSO) algorithm. This OFM is then utilized to find the reduced order model<span> of the higher order system. PSO algorithm is a robust, global optimization technique, used to find these OFMs and thereby used to find the coefficients of the reduced order model by minimizing a cost function developed based on the responses of the higher order model and that of the reduced order model when both are excited by pseudo random binary sequences (PRBS). The performance characteristics are evaluated in software simulation using MATLAB considering example of higher order system in delta domain and time & frequency responses of the corresponding reduced model.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leontine Aarnoudse , Johan Kon , Wataru Ohnishi , Maurice Poot , Paul Tacx , Nard Strijbosch , Tom Oomen
{"title":"Control-relevant neural networks for feedforward control with preview: Applied to an industrial flatbed printer","authors":"Leontine Aarnoudse , Johan Kon , Wataru Ohnishi , Maurice Poot , Paul Tacx , Nard Strijbosch , Tom Oomen","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2024.100241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The performance of feedforward control depends strongly on its ability to compensate for reproducible disturbances. The aim of this paper is to develop a systematic framework for artificial neural networks (ANN) for feedforward control. The method involves three aspects: a new criterion that emphasizes the closed-loop control objective, inclusion of preview to deal with delays and non-minimum phase dynamics, and enabling the use of an iterative learning algorithm to generate training data in view of addressing generalization errors. The approach is illustrated through simulations and experiments on an industrial flatbed printer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468601824000026/pdfft?md5=4202aaa66e7d1736bf952129d8b99de9&pid=1-s2.0-S2468601824000026-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139458409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A distributed MPC approach — Local agents decide network convergence","authors":"Rawand E. Jalal , Bryan P. Rasmussen","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2023.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2023.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In an earlier work, the Limited Communication-Distributed Model Predictive Control (LC-DMPC) scheme for controlling networks with dynamically coupled and locally constrained linear systems is presented. The scheme has an iterative and cooperative structure in which the systemwide optimum point is achieved by the distributed controllers requiring only coupled agents to cooperate. For assessing the network convergence, it is essential to possess complete information pertaining to all subsystems which has to be available to a central monitor. The current work endeavors to investigate this challenging point by distributing the network convergence within the local agents. With the new version of the algorithm, the convergence of the network is now guaranteed through the dissipativity of the local information exchange dynamics in the iteration domain. This is accomplished by introducing a set of free design variables into the distributed problems which are utilized by the agents to fulfill a simple local LMI problem employing local information only. Despite that the new approach is eliminating the necessity for a centralized observer, it may result in suboptimal local solutions. This is because the convergence of the information sharing loop between the coupled subsystems is insured by the small gain theorem. The new algorithm exhibits enhanced modularity due to the novel introduced convergence condition, implying that any updates to a subsystem physicals or design parameters do not require corresponding updates to neighboring subsystems or the network. The presented concepts are demonstrated by simulating a network of eight interconnected tanks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lars van de Kamp , Joey Reinders , Bram Hunnekens , Tom Oomen , Nathan van de Wouw
{"title":"Automatic patient-ventilator asynchrony detection framework using objective asynchrony definitions","authors":"Lars van de Kamp , Joey Reinders , Bram Hunnekens , Tom Oomen , Nathan van de Wouw","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2023.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2023.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Patient-ventilator asynchrony is one of the largest challenges in mechanical ventilation and is associated with prolonged ICU stay and increased mortality. The aim of this paper is to automatically detect and classify the different types of patient-ventilator asynchronies during a patient’s breath using the typically available data on commercially available ventilators. This is achieved by a detection and classification framework using an objective definition of asynchrony and a supervised learning approach. The achieved detection performance of the near-real time framework on a clinical dataset is a significant improvement over current clinical practice, therewith and, this framework has the potential to significantly improve the patient comfort and treatment outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468601823000226/pdfft?md5=347ad84c2607dbfc8472655821dd9f8a&pid=1-s2.0-S2468601823000226-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139454536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mustafa Wassef Hasan, Ammar Sami Mohammed, Saja Faeq Noaman
{"title":"An adaptive neuro-fuzzy with nonlinear PID controller design for electric vehicles","authors":"Mustafa Wassef Hasan, Ammar Sami Mohammed, Saja Faeq Noaman","doi":"10.1016/j.ifacsc.2023.100238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacsc.2023.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>In this work, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy (ANF) with a nonlinear proportional integral derivative (NLPID) controller (ANF-NLPID) has been proposed to solve the speed-tracking problem in electric vehicles (EVs) with brushless DC motor (BLDC). The ANF-NLPID controller eliminates the external disturbances caused by environmental or internal issues and uncertainties caused by parameter variations that lead to insufficient speed-tracking performance and increased energy consumption in EVs. An improved </span>particle swarm optimization<span><span><span> based on the chaos theory (IPSO-CT) algorithm is introduced to obtain the parameters of the fuzzy logic controller membership function and nonlinear PID controller and present the optimal performance for the EV. Employing the chaos technique with PSO helps to prevent the system from being trapped in the local minimum or optimum problem. The performance of the IPSO-CT algorithm is tested using a numerical comparison with other existing works. The outstanding performance of the ANF-NLPID controller has been evaluated by measuring the speed-tracking performance for the </span>new European driving cycle<span> (NEDC) and circular trajectories. Three case studies have been presented based on measuring the ANF-NLPID controller performance without disturbances, with disturbances, with disturbances, and uncertainties effects, respectively. Furthermore, the ANF-NLPID controller has been employed in different EV models to study the performance of this type of controller. Each of the three cases includes other existing works along with the ANF-NLPID controller to provide an insightful comparison using statistical functions to obtain each controller’s overall objective function value. The other existing works are fuzzy </span></span>fractional order PID (Fuzzy FOPID), fuzzy integer order PID (Fuzzy IOPID), and integer order PID (IOPID) controllers. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to test the proposed controller’s ability to present high speed-tracking performance while changing the disturbances and uncertainty rates. The results demonstrate that the ANF-NLPID controller is superior in speed-tracking control regulation for the new European cycle drive (NEDC) and circular speed trajectories and overcomes the external disturbances and uncertainties problem with low error results. In the end, the results reveal that the ANF-NLPID controller is more efficient than the fuzzy FOPID, fuzzy IOPID, and IOPID controllers in each case.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":29926,"journal":{"name":"IFAC Journal of Systems and Control","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139107464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}