T. Grippa, S. Georganos, S. Vanhuysse, M. Lennert, Nicholus Mboga, E. Wolff
{"title":"Mapping slums and model population density using earth observation data and open source solutions","authors":"T. Grippa, S. Georganos, S. Vanhuysse, M. Lennert, Nicholus Mboga, E. Wolff","doi":"10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808934","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a collection of frameworks aiming at mapping land cover, land use and estimate population densities from very-high resolution images and relying on open-source software. Using height information and landscape metrics, slums location and extent can be accurately extracted from the rest of the city. Moreover, the processing chain developed can deal with large amount of data and produce useful pieces of geographical information citywide. All the results, methods and computer code are available in open-access for anyone and any purpose.","PeriodicalId":299183,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114562518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Debray, M. Kuffer, C. Persello, C. Klaufus, K. Pfeffer
{"title":"Detection of Informal Graveyards in Lima using Fully Convolutional Network with VHR Images","authors":"H. Debray, M. Kuffer, C. Persello, C. Klaufus, K. Pfeffer","doi":"10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808983","url":null,"abstract":"Lima is facing rapid urban growth, including a rapid expansion of informal areas, mainly taking place within three peripheral cones. Most of the studies on that subject focused in general on informal settlements. Yet in this paper, we focus on two different informal types, graveyards and housing. They are experiencing complex, intertwined development dynamics due to a lack of land for housing and burials, causing social and public health problems. Housing invasions on burial grounds have never been systematically investigated. Yet, while challenging due to their morphological similarity, the detection of boundaries between graveyards and neighbouring and sometimes invading informal housing is essential, e.g., to prevent the spread of diseases. This study aims to distinguish those similar urban structures of which the visual features are very alike (e.g., rectangular shapes, same colours, organic organization). We used state-of-the-art Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) with dilated convolution of increasing spatial kernels to acquire features of deep level of abstraction on Pleiades satellites images. We found that such neural networks can reach a good level in mapping both informal developments with a F1-score of 0.819. Effective monitoring of such developments is important to inform planning and decision-making processes to allow interventions at critical locations.","PeriodicalId":299183,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE)","volume":"13 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116638978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Online Random Forests for Urban Area Classification from Polarimetric SAR Images","authors":"R. Hänsch, O. Hellwich","doi":"10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808964","url":null,"abstract":"The growing amount of available image data renders methods unfeasible that require offline processing, i.e. the availability of all data in the memory of the computer. This paper illustrates how Random Forests can be trained by batch processing, i.e. at every iteration only a small amount of samples need to be kept in memory. The benefits of this training scheme are illustrated for the use case of urban area detection from PolSAR imagery. The achieved optimization performance is on par with using all data in the standard offline procedure.","PeriodicalId":299183,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117218917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using remote sensing data and cluster algorithms to structure cities","authors":"Thomas Tiessen, John Friesen, Lea Rausch, P. Pelz","doi":"10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808973","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing urban population and the resulting lack of reliable water, energy and food supply is a big challenge for cities especially in informal settlements (slums). In order to plan new, better supply structures for cities, it is useful to subdivide the cities into sub structures. This subdivision can be performed by using cluster algorithms. In this paper we subdivide the slums in Dhaka using three different cluster methods and evaluate them with different indicators regarding their suitability for infrastructure planning.","PeriodicalId":299183,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE)","volume":"EM-23 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114125302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Puissant, A. Sellé, N. Baghdadi, V. Thierion, A. L. Bris, J. Roujean
{"title":"The ‘urban’ component of the French Land Data and Services Centre (THEIA)","authors":"A. Puissant, A. Sellé, N. Baghdadi, V. Thierion, A. L. Bris, J. Roujean","doi":"10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808998","url":null,"abstract":"The THEIA data and services center has been created with the objective of increasing the use of space data by both the science community and the public actors. THEIA is structuring the French science community through 1) a mutualized Service and Data Infrastructure (SDI) distributed between several centers, allowing access to a variety of products; 2) the setup of Regional Animation Networks (RAN) to federate users (scientists and public / private actors) and 3) Scientific Expertise Centres (SEC) clustering virtual research groups on a thematic domain. A strong relationship between SECs and RANs is being developed to both disseminate the outputs to the user communities and aggregate the user needs. The research works carried out for urban studies in three SECs are presented. The works are organized around the design and development of value-added products and services.","PeriodicalId":299183,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129731296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Stark, M. Wurm, H. Taubenböck, Xiaoxiang Zhu
{"title":"Slum Mapping in Imbalanced Remote Sensing Datasets Using Transfer Learned Deep Features","authors":"Thomas Stark, M. Wurm, H. Taubenböck, Xiaoxiang Zhu","doi":"10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808965","url":null,"abstract":"Unprecedented urbanization, particularly in countries of the Global South, results in the formation of slums. Here, remote sensing has proven to be an extremely valuable and effective tool for mapping slums. Recent advances in transferring deep features learned in fully convolutional networks (FCN) allow the specific structural types and alignments of buildings in slums to be mapped. The class imbalance of slums is especially challenging in the context of intra-urban variability of slums themselves, and their possible similarity to other urban built-up structures. Thus, in our study we aim to analyze the transfer learning capabilities of FCNs for slum mapping with respect to training on imbalanced datasets and the quantity of available training images. When the slum sample proportion is increased an improvement of the Intersection over Union (IU) of 10% to 30% can be observed. Increasing the total number of images improves the IU up to 20% to 50%. Transfer learning proves extremely valuable in retrieving information on complex and heterogeneous urban structures such as slum patches.","PeriodicalId":299183,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130637161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novelty detection in very high resolution urban scenes with Density Forests","authors":"C. Wendl, Diego Marcos, D. Tuia","doi":"10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808974","url":null,"abstract":"Uncertainty in deep learning has recently received a lot of attention. While deep neural networks have shown better accuracy than other competing methods in many benchmarks, it has been shown that they may yield wrong predictions with unreasonably high confidence. This has increased the interest in methods that help providing better confidence estimates in neural networks, some using specifically designed architectures with probabilistic building blocks, and others using a standard architecture with an additional confidence estimation step based on its output. This work proposes a confidence estimation method for Convolutional Neural Networks based on fitting a forest of randomized density estimation decision trees to the network activations before the final classification layer and compares it to other confidence estimation methods based on standard architectures. The methods are compared on a semantic labelling dataset with very high resolution satellite imagery. Our results show that methods based on intermediate network activations lead to better confidence estimates in novelty detection, i.e., in the discovery of classes that are not present in the training set.","PeriodicalId":299183,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124370518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-label Aerial Image Classification using A Bidirectional Class-wise Attention Network","authors":"Yuansheng Hua, Lichao Mou, Xiaoxiang Zhu","doi":"10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808940","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-label aerial image classification is of great significance in remote sensing community, and many researches have been conducted over the past few years. However, one common limitation shared by existing methods is that the co-occurrence relationship of various classes, so called class dependency, is underexplored and leads to an inconsiderate decision. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end network, namely class-wise attention-based convolutional and bidirectional LSTM network (CA-Conv-BiLSTM), for this task. The proposed network consists of three indispensable components: 1) a feature extraction module, 2) a class attention learning layer, and 3) a bidirectional LSTM-based sub-network. Experimental results on UCM multi-label dataset and DFC15 multi-label dataset validate the effectiveness of our model quantitatively and qualitatively.","PeriodicalId":299183,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127699893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthetic Aperture Radar Tomography for Change Detection Applications","authors":"E. M. Domínguez, D. Small, D. Henke","doi":"10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808937","url":null,"abstract":"Tomographic synthetic aperture radar (TomoSAR) can broaden the scope of change detection applications for urban studies, human activity and forest monitoring. In this work we design and evaluate a method utilizing SAR tomography for change detection purposes applied to human activity monitoring and urban studies. The method uses 2-D images to detect changes caused by targets with a small vertical extent, and 3-D images for changes caused by targets with a large vertical extent. It exploits both amplitude and height difference information combined in a conditional random field to detect changes of interest. A significant performance improvement was obtained when comparing to methods using 2-D or 3-D images only.","PeriodicalId":299183,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE)","volume":"14 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123690197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qunshan Zhao, Ryan Reynolds, Chuyuan Wang, E. Wentz
{"title":"A multidimensional urban land cover change analysis in Tempe, AZ","authors":"Qunshan Zhao, Ryan Reynolds, Chuyuan Wang, E. Wentz","doi":"10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JURSE.2019.8808957","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid population growth leading to significant conversion of rural to urban lands requires deep understanding on how the human population interacts with the built-environment. Our research goal is to explore methodologies on how to analyze multidimensional urban change with the consideration of time, space, and landscape patterns. Using NAIP high resolution satellite images and LIDAR data, we were able to derive land cover classification maps and normalized height difference at different time periods. Then we performed the 2D, 3D and landscape pattern change analysis for a case study area. The research results show that a combination of 2D, 3D and landscape pattern change analysis can provide a comprehensive understanding of urban change, and the results will help urban planners and decision makers to better understand the status of urban transformation and design city for the future.","PeriodicalId":299183,"journal":{"name":"2019 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122110394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}