Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Application of Pharmacogenomics in the Administration of Common Cardiovascular Medications.","authors":"Faaiq N Aslam, Artur Schneider, Nikita Jhawar, Razvan Chirila","doi":"10.2174/0127724328323600241120113500","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328323600241120113500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Genomic variations among individuals can greatly affect their responses to different medications. Pharmacogenomics is the area of study that aims to understand the relationship between these various genetic variations and subsequent drug responses. Many medications used to optimize cardiovascular health are affected by these genetic variants and these relationships can subsequently impact dosing strategies in patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to review the current literature on the clinical applications of pharmacogenomics for commonly used cardiovascular medications such as Warfarin, Clopidogrel, Statins, Beta Blockers, and ACE-I/ARBs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Databases like PubMed were accessed to gather background information on pharmacogenomics and to collect data on relationships between genetic variants and subsequent drug response. Information on clinical applications and guidelines was obtained by accessing the CPIC and DPWG databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This article describes the most up-to-date data on pharmacogenomics relating to commonly used cardiovascular medications. It also discusses the clinical application of pharmacogenomic data as it pertains to medication selection/dosing by detailing current guidelines published by organizations such as the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium and the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, this paper will help medical providers not only better understand pharmacogenomics but also apply it in their day-to-day practice. Clinical guidelines relating to the application of pharmacogenomic data were discussed both in text and graphical format, allowing providers to confidently select medications and adjust doses for common cardiovascular medications so that patients receive the maximum therapeutic benefit with minimal toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"261-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142772950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholinergic Conundrum: A Pharmacological Perspective on the Acetylcholine Enigma of Depression.","authors":"Maha Khachab, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Ali H Eid","doi":"10.2174/277243282003250219163012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/277243282003250219163012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"20 3","pages":"205-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy, Etiology, Management, and Medico-Legal Implications of Botulinum-induced Blepharoptosis.","authors":"Giulio Nittari, Demetris Savva, Filippo Gibelli, Diana Vulcanescu, Domenico De Leo, Giovanna Ricci","doi":"10.2174/0127724328310459240809073519","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328310459240809073519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Botulinum toxin injections, a popular aesthetic treatment, have over 7.4 million beneficiaries in the U.S. Despite their safety record, these injections pose potential complications. It is essential for aesthetic practitioners to manage these complications with the least impact on the patient. Upper eyelid ptosis, though rare, is a significant side effect of botulinum toxin injections. Through our study, we have identified the etiology, anatomy, and therapeutic management of botulinum- induced blepharoptosis. Hence, the goal of this study was to identify the basic aetiology of blepharoptosis and manage this complication, as well as discuss the basis of medico-legal implications involving this popular drug. The complex medico-legal implications of botulinum toxin-induced blepharoptosis call for continuous discourse, education, and clarity on drug-use legal standards. With evolving global and Italian legislation, practitioners must ensure they meet care standards, weighing treatment benefits against potential legal and ethical outcomes. Blepharoptosis is a rare but significant complication of botulinum-type injections. Etiology and thorough anatomy are crucial for avoiding this complication and handling it with the least impact on the patient. Medico-legal implications are currently not fully established, but the basis of aesthetic treatment standards, as well as continuing medical education, will ensure correct medico-legal coverage of such complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"20 1","pages":"32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonopioid Drugs for Postoperative Pain: A Selection Governed by Choices of the Authors of Academic Articles.","authors":"Igor Kissin, Kamen V Vlassakov","doi":"10.2174/0127724328327509240919102209","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328327509240919102209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The opioid crisis has profoundly changed the interest in using nonopioid analgesics. This review identified nonopioid drugs receiving the most interest in the treatment of postoperative pain. Publication-based interest, which reflects the authors' choices of subjects for academic articles, was used to show the shifts in their interest. The authors' choices of a particular drug for an article's subject were regarded as reflective of the collective opinion of experts most knowledgeable on the subject. The frequency with which a drug was the topic of an article was measured with the use of specific bibliometric indices. They were employed to select nonopioid drugs for this review. These included acetaminophen, dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone, ketamine, gabapentin, ibuprofen, ketorolac, diclofenac, magnesium sulfate, clonidine, intravenous lidocaine, and meloxicam (in order of most to least bibliometric interest). Individual reviews on these agents described how the bibliometric indices characterized a drug. They also addressed the question of whether a nonopioid analgesic produced a marked opioid-sparing effect. Information relative to this question was presented via the results of meta-analyses with emphasis on the possible reduction of opioid-related side effects. Overall, nonopioid drugs demonstrating the largest popularity among authors and continuous interest growth in 2018-2022 include acetaminophen, dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone, and ibuprofen. The relevant meta-analyses show that nonopioids, administered as components of multimodal analgesia, provided the opioid-sparing effect; they also show that the most common change in the opioid-related side effects was a lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"20 2","pages":"158-167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12246743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Diabetic Wounds: A Review of Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Multimodal Management Strategies.","authors":"Manisha, Niharika, Praveen Gaur, Radha Goel, Kanak Lata, Rosaline Mishra","doi":"10.2174/0127724328326480240927065600","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328326480240927065600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetic wounds are a prevalent and impairing consequence of diabetes mellitus that significantly impacts people's lives and global healthcare systems. Because of disturbances in the wound-healing cascade, these intricate, persistent wounds frequently refuse to heal. Focusing on diabetic wound formation, this study seeks to clarify the complex mechanisms and pathophysiology involved while offering a thorough overview of modern multimodal therapy techniques. The etiology of diabetic wounds entails a complex interplay between tissue destruction caused by hyperglycemia, neuropathy, ischemia, and compromised immune response. Extended inflammation, abnormal protease activity, and low oxygen levels in the tissue exacerbate the healing process. Comprehending these pathogenic mechanisms is essential for formulating efficacious therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A thorough evaluation of the literature was done. Databases like SciFinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and the Egyptian Knowledge Bank were used to find pertinent publications. More than 200 articles and databases were studied to constitute this paper. The accuracy of the retrieved data was carefully reviewed and cross-checked. The current review aims to define wounds, various methods of classification, and various advancements for wound management. Several multidisciplinary strategies, including debridement, unloading, antimicrobial stewardship, and innovative therapeutics, are currently needed to manage diabetic wounds. Debridement-the excision of non-viable tissue-is necessary to create an environment that is conducive to recovery. Biomechanical interventions and offloading help to prevent additional tissue damage caused by repetitive stress. Antimicrobial treatments fight infections, which are a common diabetic wound consequence. Promising supplementary treatments are provided by developments in cellular and tissue-based products, ozone therapy growth factors, bioengineered skin substitutes, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After applying article selection criteria and reviewing the quality of the methodology a total of 200 articles were selected to be included in the review. In this review, intricate interactions between peripheral neuropathy, vascular insufficiency, and hyperglycemia in the pathophysiology of diabetic wounds are explained. The efficacy of multimodal therapies is discussed in detail.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A thorough comprehension of the complex mechanisms that underlie diabetic wounds is essential for efficient therapy. This review emphasizes how important multimodal approaches are to treating the complex pathophysiology of these wounds. Clinicians can greatly enhance the prognosis of patients with diabetic foot ulcers by addressing vascular insufficiency, neuropathy, infection, and poor healing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Timely wound resolution r","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"20 3","pages":"207-228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic: A Gut Microbiota-Based Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Monalisa Rout, Shakti Ketan Prusty, Durga Madhab Kar","doi":"10.2174/0127724328332572241219102122","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328332572241219102122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The estimated worldwide number of individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) might exceed 10 million by 2040. However, the underlying evidence for PD is unclear. Recent research in Parkinson's disease has focused on exploring the gut-brain axis. Researchers have proposed that gut microbiota and gut dysbiosis contribute to peripheral inflammatory conditions. The involvement of gut pathogens and dysbiosis in peripheral inflammatory diseases has been hypothesized. In Parkinson's disease, the metabolic effects associated with gut dysbiosis accelerate nerve cell loss and damage. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) establishes the relationship between the brain and the gut through the bidirectional vagus nerve. The MGBA promotes digestive system regulation and is responsible for maintaining metabolic homeostasis under regular conditions. <i>Helicobacter pylori, Enterococcus faecalis</i>, and <i>Desulfovibrio</i> are gut bacteria whose relative abundance has been associated with Parkinson's disease etiology and treatment efficacy. Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have substantiated the therapeutic potential of probiotics in treating Parkinson's disease via the gut-brain axis. The technique appears to have benefited from a combination of favorable conditions that led to its success. The present study investigated whether administering the probiotic can be a better therapeutic intervention for PD or not. Although widespread, no medicines exist to halt the neurodegenerative effects of PD. Some probiotics raised brain dopamine levels, slowed or stopped neuronal death, and improved motor function in models of toxin-induced and genetic PD in mice, rats, flies, and induced pluripotent stem cells. Probiotics control gut dysbiosis, thereby preventing neurodegeneration in PD via the gut-brain axis. Probiotics are used to control the principal dangers of oxidative stress and alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) aggregation. Probiotics, which contain beneficial microorganisms such as <i>Lactobacillus, Blautia, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae</i>, and <i>Akkermansia</i>, may help alleviate PD symptoms and slow the disease's progression. Numerous probiotic bacteria can treat the neurodegenerative condition. As a result, this review paper focuses on the current understanding of the link between PD and gut microbiota while also providing comprehensive information about the neuroprotective function of probiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"322-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Feelings, Pharmacological Realities: Exploring the Therapeutic Promise in the Microbiome-gut-brain Axis.","authors":"Ali H Eid","doi":"10.2174/277243282004250619171538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/277243282004250619171538","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"20 4","pages":"349-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Therapeutic Outcomes in Vitiligo: The Role of 5-Fluorouracil as a Pharmacological Adjuvant.","authors":"Amirhossein Sahebkar, Ali H Eid","doi":"10.2174/277243282003250219233811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/277243282003250219233811","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"20 3","pages":"259-260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Pharmacotherapies for Smoking Cessation and Promising Emerging Drugs.","authors":"Seetal Dodd, Jodie Harper, Michael Berk","doi":"10.2174/0127724328274939231121114142","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328274939231121114142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pharmacotherapy is commonly used during quit attempts and has shown an increase in the likelihood of achieving abstinence. However, with established pharmacotherapies, abstinence rates following a quit attempt remain low, and relapse is common. This review aims to investigate the efficacy and harm profiles of current and emerging pharmacotherapies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature review of current and emerging pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation and tobacco use disorder.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Emerging pharmacotherapies include new formulations of existing therapies, drug repurposing and some new treatments. New treatments are welcome and may incorporate different mechanisms of action or different safety and tolerability profiles compared to existing treatments. However, emerging pharmacotherapies have yet to demonstrate greater efficacy compared to existing treatments. The emergence of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) or 'vaping' is a feature of the current debate around tobacco use disorder. ENDS appear to facilitate switching but not quitting and are controversial as a harm minimisation strategy.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Studies included a broad range of therapies and trial designs that should be compared with their differences taken into consideration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Strategies to successfully quit smoking vary between individuals and may extend beyond pharmacotherapy and involve complex psychosocial factors and pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":"19 3","pages":"259-268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose Transporter and Sensor Mechanisms in Fungal Pathogens as Potential Drug Targets.","authors":"Archana Mohit Navale","doi":"10.2174/0127724328263050230923154326","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0127724328263050230923154326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal infections are emerging as major health challenges in recent years. The development of resistance against existing antifungal agents needs urgent attention and action. The limited classes of antifungal drugs available, their tendency to cause adverse effects, lack of effectiveness, etc., are the major limitations of current therapy. Thus, there is a pressing demand for new antifungal drug classes to cope with the present circumstances. Glucose is the key source of energy for all organisms, including fungi. Glucose plays a crucial role as a source of carbon and energy for processes like virulence, growth, invasion, biofilm formation, and resistance development. The glucose transport and sensing mechanisms are well developed in these organisms as an important strategy to sustain survival. Modulating these transport or sensor mechanisms may serve as an important strategy to inhibit fungal growth. Moreover, the structural difference between human and fungal glucose transporters makes them more appealing as drug targets. Limited literature is available for fungal glucose entry mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive account of sugar transport mechanisms in common fungal pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":29871,"journal":{"name":"Current Reviews in Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"250-258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49683030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}