EIGSE-A JOURNAL OF IRISH STUDIES最新文献

{"title":"\"The Cultural Links between Galicia and Ireland Continue to Flourish Today\": An Interview with the Director of the Irish Centre for Galician Studies (UCC) Martin Veiga","authors":"Verónica Membrive Pérez","doi":"10.24162/EI2017-6978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24162/EI2017-6978","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Dr. Martin Veiga Alonso is Director of the Irish Centre for Galician Studies and lecturer and co-ordinator of the Higher Diploma in Arts (Spanish) at the Department of Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies at University College Cork. His main areas of research include contemporary Galician and Irish travel writing and poetry, with special focus on the Galician poet Anton Aviles de Taramancos, about whom he has published Escribir na multitude: a obra literaria de Anton Aviles de Taramancos (2014), Anton Aviles de Taramancos (2003), Biografia sonora de Aviles de Taramancos (2009), Cantos caucanos (2003) and the edited volume Raiceiras e vento. A obra poetica de Anton Aviles de Taramancos (2003). Veiga is co-editor of Galicia 21: Journal of Contemporary Galician Studies and has recently edited a special issue devoted to the works of the Galician poet and essayist Xavier Queipo (2013). Furthermore, Martin Veiga is also a prolific translator and poet, and his volumes of poetry have received important awards. His collections are Tempo van de porcelana (1990), As ultimas ruinas (1994, Espiral Maior Prize), Ollos de ambar (2005, Esquio Prize) and Fundaxes (2006, Fiz Vergara Vilarino Prize). In this interview, held at University College Cork in July 2015, we discussed the historical vocation of Galician literature to look towards Ireland, as well as the role and activities of the Irish Centre for Galician Studies at UCC and the relevance and future of Galician Studies in Ireland and Europe. Key Words. Galician Studies, Irish Centre for Galician Studies, Contemporary Irish Poetry, Contemporary Galician Poetry Resumen. El Dr. Martin Veiga Alonso es un profesor gallego que actualmente dirige el Centro Irlandes de Estudios Gallegos en la Universidad de Cork (UCC). Tambien ejerce su docencia en el Departamento de Espanol, Portugues y Estudios Latinoamericanos de la misma universidad, donde coordina el Diploma de Estudios Superiores (Spanish). Sus principales areas de investigacion se centran en la literatura de viajes y en la poesia de Galicia e Irlanda, con especial atencion a la obra del poeta gallego Anton Aviles de Tamarancos, sobre el que ha publicado los libros Escribir na multitude: A obra literaria de Anton Aviles de Taramancos (2014), Anton Aviles de Taramancos (2003), Biografia sonora de Aviles de Taramancos (2009), Cantos caucanos (2003), asi como la edicion de Raiceiras e vento. A obra poetica de Anton Aviles de Taramancos (2003). Veiga es coeditor de Galicia 21: Journal of Contemporary Galician Studies y ha editado recientemente un numero especial dedicado a la obra del poeta y ensayista gallego Xavier Queipo (2013). Martin Veiga, ademas, es un prolifico traductor y poeta; sus volumenes de poesia han obtenido importantes galardones: Tempo van de porcelana (1990), As ultimas ruinas (1994, Premio Espiral Maior), Ollos de ambar (2005, Premio Esquio) and Fundaxes (2006, Premio Fiz Vergara Vilarino). En esta entrevista, realizada en ","PeriodicalId":29863,"journal":{"name":"EIGSE-A JOURNAL OF IRISH STUDIES","volume":"253 1","pages":"167-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76327182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rising. Ireland: Easter 1916","authors":"E. Malcolm","doi":"10.5860/choice.48-1093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.48-1093","url":null,"abstract":"The Rising. Ireland: Easter 1916. Fearghal McGarry Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-19-960597-2 365 pages Rebels: Voices from the Easter Rising. Fearghal McGarry London: Penguin, 2012. ISBN 978-0-141-04127-8 363 pages According to Fearghal McGarry, the 1916 Rising is the \"most controversial event in Ireland's modern history\" (Rising, 8). In addressing this controversy, McGarry's two books trace important new developments in the century-long historiography of the Easter Rising that has become almost as controversial as the event itself. From the 1920s onwards, accounts of the Rising focused especially on two of its leaders, Patrick Pearse and James Connolly. Both men had published prolifically during their lifetimes and bequeathed to future generations a large body of polemical writing. Pearse, as a devotee of the faith-and-fatherland school of nationalism, appealed especially to the dominant Fianna Fail Party, to republicans and to the Catholic Church; whereas those inclined more to the left, than the right, of politics directed their adulation at Connolly, the Marxist champion of workers' rights. The other five signatories of the 1916 proclamation of a republic were pushed into the background, although some of them, notably the dogged old Fenian Tom Clarke and the tireless young organiser Sean MacDermott, actually played a more important role in bringing about the Rising than did either Pearse or Connolly. Writers argued endlessly over Pearse's objectives and whether he really intended the Rising as a \"blood sacrifice\"; or they debated why Connolly had apparently abandoned his internationalist working-class ideals to join a rebellion led in the main by middle-class Catholic nationalists. Uncritical public celebration of the Rising reached its peak during the 50th anniversary in 1966. At that time, the president of the Irish Republic, the taoiseach (prime minister), plus other senior politicians and civil servants were all veterans of the Rising. The 1916 generation dominated politics and public affairs in the Republic for half a century, most notably in the person of Eamon de Valera, who lived until 1975. He, though, was by no means the last Rising veteran: a handful survived to the end of the century. After 1966, however, things changed rapidly. The Troubles in the North, beginning in 1968-9, led some to challenge the morality of violence as a political weapon. Clergy and historians in the South, like Fr Francis Shaw and Professor F.X. Martin, had already started to publish articles and documents drawing upon traditional Catholic just war theory to question whether the bloodshed of the Easter Rising was really justified, given that an Irish Home Rule Act had been passed in 1914 and was due to come into force immediately World War I ended. Politicians too were having second thoughts about celebrating the Rising amidst the carnage of the Troubles. The Provisional Irish Republican Army claimed that the 1916 declaration of an all-I","PeriodicalId":29863,"journal":{"name":"EIGSE-A JOURNAL OF IRISH STUDIES","volume":"113 1","pages":"229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79204883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El Rescate Financiero De Irlanda En la Prensa Digital Espanola","authors":"Carlos Menéndez Otero","doi":"10.24162/EI2017-6819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24162/EI2017-6819","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the coverage of the Irish bailout in the top two online newspapers in Spain, ElPaís.com and ElMundo.es. First, the text uses quantitative methods to determine which newspaper offered better coverage of the events in Ireland. Next, we rely on content analysis and the theory of frame analysis to establish the perspective from which each presented the Irish bailout and related it to the political and economic situation in Spain. The results obtained suggest that coverage was much better in ElPaís.com and, besides, the particularities of the Irish crisis complicated its use as a political weapon by either the government or the opposition in Spain and blurred the differences between the framing of the bailout in ElPaís.com and ElMundo.es.","PeriodicalId":29863,"journal":{"name":"EIGSE-A JOURNAL OF IRISH STUDIES","volume":"56 1","pages":"73-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75369457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Political Embodiment of AIDS: Between Individual and Social Bodies in Colm Tóibín’s The Story of the Night and The Blackwater Lightship","authors":"G. Severiche","doi":"10.24162/EI2017-6941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24162/EI2017-6941","url":null,"abstract":"By analyzing two novels The Story of the Night (1996) and The Blackwater Lightship (1999) by the Irish writer Colm Tóibín, this article proposes the concept of the sick body as an “organic allegory.” Although both novels are set in different places at different times (Argentina in the 1980s and Ireland in the 1990s), they build their stories around a main character who lives with AIDS. The “organic allegory” refers to a discursive-stylistic strategy that establishes a political connection between the personal drama of the dying body and the social framework in which the story takes place. In this way, this article aims to reveal the political-corporeal dimension of these novels and to empower the body as highly political device used in literary production, both conceptually and discursively. By addressing an individual physical tragedy as one of the elements of the parallel, Tóibín’s texts provide to the social drama a carnal dimension, a corporeal way to experience a political, cultural, and economic transition. Through a comparative analysis and close-reading, the examination of both texts unveils the potential of (sick) bodies as formal devices to “understand” and present a political statement.","PeriodicalId":29863,"journal":{"name":"EIGSE-A JOURNAL OF IRISH STUDIES","volume":"8 1","pages":"115-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81992943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Madrid” Poem by John Liddy Translated into Spanish","authors":"B. Villacañas, Germán Asensio Peral","doi":"10.24162/EI2017-7124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24162/EI2017-7124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29863,"journal":{"name":"EIGSE-A JOURNAL OF IRISH STUDIES","volume":"18 1","pages":"190-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88646861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A “New Irish Woman” Emerges: Subverting Femininity in Maeve Kelly’s A Life of Her Own","authors":"Ángela Rivera Izquierdo","doi":"10.24162/EI2017-6855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24162/EI2017-6855","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Women in Irish fiction have been largely the creation of male writers, and the embodiment of religious virtues such as purity and passivity, conventionally regarded as \"feminine.\" Not only the Roman Catholic Church but also the State progressively contributed to the social construct of Irish womanhood as inferior and, above all, domestic. From the 1960s onwards many women writers have tried relentlessly to reimage women in their fiction. Feminist activist Maeve Kelly is an outstanding example of such writers whose work remains virtually unexplored. Very often Kelly's protagonists are women in their conventional roles as wives and mothers who struggle for happiness and independence. This essay focuses on her collected stories A Life of Her Own (1976), and particularly on her short story \"The vain woman,\" in which Kelly presents us with a \"new Irish woman\" who is no longer the personification of the Virgin Mary, and who actively rebels against her environment. Key Words. Irish Feminism, Irish Short Story, Maeve Kelly, Empowerment, Rebellious Women Resumen. Las mujeres en la ficcion irlandesa han sido en gran medida creadas por escritores varones, encarnando virtudes religiosas tales como la pureza y la pasividad, convencionalmente consideradas como \"femeninas.\" No solo la Iglesia catolica sino tambien el Estado contribuyeron progresivamente a la construction social de la feminidad irlandesa como inferior y, sobre todo, domestica. Desde la decada de 1960 en adelante muchas escritoras han intentado implacablemente cambiar esta imagen de la mujer en su ficcion. La activista feminista Maeve Kelly es un ejemplo sobresaliente de estas escritoras cuya obra se encuentra practicamente inexplorada. Normalmente, las protagonistas de las historia de Kelly son mujeres que desempenan su rol tradicional como esposas y madres y que luchan por la felicidad y la independencia. Este ensayo se centra en su coleccion de relatos A Life of Her Own (1976), y en particular \"The vain woman,\" en el que Kelly nos presenta una \"nueva mujer irlandesa\" que se aleja de la personification de la Virgen Maria y que se rebela activamente contra su entorno. Palabras clave. Feminismo irlandes, relato corto irlandes, Maeve Kelly, empoderamiento, mujeres rebeldes Introduction: Constructing and De-constructing Irish Womanhood Women in Ireland have been traditionally associated with frailty and passivity, qualities that have been also linked to the nation itself. Ireland has often been represented as a woman in both song and literature, following a tradition that can be traced back to eighteenth-century Gaelic poetry. In colonial times, Ireland was portrayed as a woman victimised by the colonising English male, leading womanhood to be associated with inferiority and weakness. (1) Throughout the 19th century, Irish nationalists continued to identify their country as \"feminine.\" Ireland became Kathleen Ni Houlihan, Mother Ireland, Sean-Bhean Bhocht, Dark Rosaleen, or the Poor old W","PeriodicalId":29863,"journal":{"name":"EIGSE-A JOURNAL OF IRISH STUDIES","volume":"47 1","pages":"104-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78550385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honesty: The Stinging Fly on the Rump of Free State Respectability","authors":"A. Keating","doi":"10.24162/EI2017-6806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24162/EI2017-6806","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This essay will examine the expose of the realities regarding poverty, immorality and sexual crime in the Irish Free State by the radical journal Honesty (1925-1931). Honesty was edited by the socialist republican James W. Upton, a man with a longstanding commitment to the rights of women and the poor. Upton was by instinct anti-establishment in an era when the country's religio-political leadership was insecure and keen to manage the Free State's news agenda. Something they attempted in the service of projecting what was viewed as an ideologically acceptable image of life in the Free Sate, to both domestic and foreign audiences. Upton viewed this policy as a manifestation of the social and political cant favoured by the Free State's leadership, which was aided and abetted by, and gave succour to, the hypocrisy of wider bourgeois Free State society. A coalition of forces, Upton reasoned, that damaged the interests of the most vulnerable sections of Irish society, in particular, the nation's women and children living on or below the breadline. However, notwithstanding it radicalism and reputation in the Free State, Honesty has been largely lost to the history of Irish journalism. Key Words. Irish Free State, Prostitution, Journalism, Sexual Crime, Women, Illegitimacy, Child Abuse, Poverty. Resumen. En este trabajo se examina como la revista Honesty (1925-1931) desvelo las verdades incomodas sobre pobreza, inmoralidad y delitos sexuales en los primeros anos del Estado Libre de Irlanda. El editor de la revista, James W. Upton, era un republicano de ideologia socialista en cuya trayectoria destacaba un firme compromiso con los derechos de las mujeres y de los menos favorecidos. Upton era por instinto antisistema, en una epoca en la que el liderazgo del pais adolecia de serias deficiencias. La clase dirigente mostraba un desmedido interes por controlar las noticias relacionadas con Irlanda y por proyectar, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, imagenes amables y positivas sobre el nuevo estado. Para Upton, esta actitud no era sino una muestra mas de la hipocresia reinante entre las elites del Estado Libre de Irlanda, las cuales encontraban un necesario apoyo entre un amplio sector de la burguesia. Para Upton, esta coalition de fuerzas actuaba en detrimento de los sectores mas debiles de la sociedad, especialmente aquellos que vivian por debajo del umbral de la pobreza. A pesar de su actitud critica con el poder y de la importante repercusion que tuvo en su epoca, Honesty apenas es tenida en cuenta en la historia del periodismo en Irlanda. Palabras clave. Estado Libre de Irlanda, prostitution, periodismo, delitos sexuales, mujeres, hijos ilegitimos, abusos a menores, pobreza. On the 28th of February 1925 the journal Honesty. A Weekly Journal of Independent Criticism commenced publishing and was to continue publication until the 28th of February 1931. Edited by the socialist-republican, James W. Upton, the journal claimed lineage from a p","PeriodicalId":29863,"journal":{"name":"EIGSE-A JOURNAL OF IRISH STUDIES","volume":"44 1","pages":"60-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84996109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageing Men and Therapeutic Pints in Roddy Doyle’s Two Pints","authors":"Burcu Tekin","doi":"10.24162/EI2017-6948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24162/EI2017-6948","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Roddy Doyle is one of the most prominent Irish literary figures of our time. The vicissitudes of Irish middle class families, domestic violence, prominent events in Irish history and Ireland's new multiculturalism are some of the leading themes that he employs in his works. His short story collection Bullfighting (2011) is unique in dealing with a subject matter unfamiliar in his other works: the midlife crises of working-class men. Specifically, the short stories \"Recuperation\", \"Teaching\", and \"Bullfighting\" revolve around middle aged men who have no expectations in life and are entrapped in vicious familial, matrimonial or socio-cultural circles. In a similar way to the aforementioned short stories, Doyle's novel Two Pints (2012) recounts the pub meetings of two Irish men in late middle age. A reflection of each other, these men chat about various subjects such as politics, economy, and dead celebrities, forging bonds as they drink pints together. It could be possible to claim that these two men offer a counterpoint to the male characters found in Bullfighting. They have given up questioning their lives, accepting the facts of life as they are. Bearing all this in mind, this paper aims to analyse the following points: 1) if we compare Bullfighting and his most recent work, Doyle's characters seem to have become older and less pessimistic; 2) the motifs of the pint and the pub meeting function as therapy for his male characters; 3) the tones of both works differ: the bleak tone of the short stories has given way to a humorous tone in the novel. In short, with its aged male characters, Two Pints represents a more light-hearted, humorous version of certain stories in Bullfighting. Key Words. Roddy Doyle, Contemporary Irish Short Fiction, Men's Middle Age Crisis, Masculinity, Hegemonic Masculinity Resumen. Roddy Doyle es una de las figuras literarias irlandesas mas prominentes de nuestro tiempo. Las vicisitudes de las familias irlandesas de clase media, la violencia domestica, los acontecimientos prominentes de la historia irlandesa y el nuevo multiculturalismo de Irlanda son algunos de los temas principales que emplea en su obra. Su coleccion de relatos cortos Bullfighting (2011) es unica en el tratamiento de un tema desconocido en sus otras obras: las crisis de la mediana edad de los hombres de la clase trabajadora. En concreto, los cuentos \"Recuperation\", \"Teaching\", and \"Bullfighting\" giran alrededor de hombres de mediana edad que no tienen expectativas en la vida y estan atrapados en asfixiantes circulos familiares, matrimoniales o socioculturales. De manera similar a los cuentos mencionados, la novela de Doyle, Two Pints (2012) relata los encuentros en un pub de dos hombres irlandeses de mediana edad. En sus reflexiones, a menudo similares, estos hombres charlan sobre diversos temas como la politica, la economia y las celebridades muertas, forjando lazos mientras beben juntos. Se podria afirmar que estos dos hombres ofrecen un cont","PeriodicalId":29863,"journal":{"name":"EIGSE-A JOURNAL OF IRISH STUDIES","volume":"21 1","pages":"129-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82713109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaning “well beyond the plumb” of His Native Language: Heaney’s Tone and the International Style","authors":"Nick Norwood","doi":"10.24162/EI2015-6567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24162/EI2015-6567","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decades of his life Seamus Heaney occupied the position of \"world poet\" and outsold--or so it was widely held--all other poets writing in English. Such popularity, accessibility--such transferability--would suggest, among other things, that his work manifests at least some semblance of an \"international style\". Admittedly, it is a pretty slippery term. But it is worth asking, by what other means than manifesting a \"style\" with an \"international\" appeal could Heaney have attracted such a large international audience? What would make readers as far-flung as West Texas and Eastern Siberia find his work so compelling? Roy Foster, professor of poetry at Oxford and a Heaney scholar, calls him flatly \"an international poet\" (2013), and as much as one may want to associate Heaney with a small farm in Co. Derry, Northern Ireland, it is hard to argue that Foster is not in some sense correct. But Foster also acknowledges that as much as anything else Heaney's tone--\"the worlds below\" (2013), as he glosses his use of the term--may be the most important characteristic of his work. One might reasonably argue that many aspects of Heaney's poetry are worthy of consideration and contribute to its overall success: its linguistic richness, for instance; its pleasing balance of strict and loose formalism; its social, ethical, and moral consciousness; its striking vividness and immediacy, to name but a few of the many. My argument is that, seeking to identify the keystone element, the one that separates Heaney from the field--including the impressive field of talented poets from Northern Ireland, who were his contemporaries, his rivals and friends--we should name tone as that single most important characteristic. In interviews and in his own prose Heaney demonstrated how important to him were a wide range of \"international poets\": the contemporary Eastern Europeans Joseph Brodsky, Czeslaw Milosz, Zbigniew Herbert, Osip Mandelstam and others; American poets like Robert Lowell, Robert Frost, T.S. Eliot, and Elizabeth Bishop; the classical Greek dramatists; Dante. Further, a stylistic evolution taking place is manifest in Heaney's work, from the early Mossbawn-centered world of the first four books, to the more topically wide-ranging middle and late periods. At some point, maybe around the late 1970s, Heaney became more \"cosmopolitan\", and the shift seems to have coincided with his growing interest in the Eastern Europeans. Examining the full body of work by that group suggests what seems a reasonable description of the international style, largely by highlighting what it is not: local, obviously, but also historical. It is poetry not set in a specific place and time--at least not on its surface and whose language does not tend to dialect, its images to any particular cultural milieu. Cosmopolitan, universal, and parabolic are other terms sometimes used as roughly synonymous with international, terms signifying a kind of poetry that seems to hover in air, te","PeriodicalId":29863,"journal":{"name":"EIGSE-A JOURNAL OF IRISH STUDIES","volume":"104 1","pages":"190-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79162912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Converting to Things Foreknown: Heaney's Marvelous Imagination in \"Station Island\"","authors":"R. L. Womack","doi":"10.24162/EI2015-6210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24162/EI2015-6210","url":null,"abstract":"Seamus Heaney says in his \"The Murmur of Malvern\", a review of Derek Walcott's The Star-Apple Kingdom (1979) that \"The best poems in The Star-Apple Kingdom are dream-visions; the high moments are hallucinatory, cathartic, redemptive even\" (Heaney 1990: 25). It is also true to say that some of Heaney's own best poems are dream-visions, those which are hallucinatory, cathartic, and maybe even redemptive as well. \"Station Island\", Heaney's pilgrimage to Lough Derg turned to metaphysical exploration of influence and dream-vision, becomes a primary focus in seeing Heaney's dynamic insight between this world and the spirit world--possibly even a poetic vision of redemption through secular and poetic means. History is transfused with religious significance, Sweeney with Heaney's local priest, and the procession of visionaries with whom he meets appears apparitional, several meetings with the saints who have not died and gone away. Instead, Heaney reimagines them to a life incorruptible on the page. They challenge both the static acceptance and rejection of his Catholic faith. Whatever the ultimate expression of Heaney's faith might be, \"Station Island\" shows the poet's miasmic marriage of religion and violence, but also how the \"decent thing\" is so hard to both do and escape. In Seamus Heaney's forty-four years of publishing poetry, between Death of a Naturalist (1966) and Human Chain (2010), Station Island (1984) is one of the middle two volumes in his large body of work. At the center of this volume in three parts is the title poem, \"Station Island\" a series of twelve poems occasioning the speaker's visit to the Lough Derg pilgrimage which also serves, as others have noticed, as a veritable modern-day imaginative incarnation of Dante's Commedia, a suitable theme for a poem which traverses the poet's pilgrimage to an island known as \"St. Patrick's Purgatory\". \"Station Island\", as this middle piece, holds in tension worldliness and otherworldliness, the earthly and the heavenly, the sensual and the spiritual. We can read it as a kind of poetic Purgatory, a temporal space where these revenental visions function to bring us to poetic purgation through Heaney's \"worldliness\" and \"otherworldliness\". Heaney's poetic imagination is deeply Catholic: his poetic vision is imbued with a communion of saints, a notion that spiritual significance is realized in the physical. Though the most immediate source for the poem is likely Dante, we understand that Dante's vision is intimately tied up with the broader and deeper Catholic imagination. This aspect of Heaney is itself worthy a longer project, but \"Station Island\" deserves more exploration in its groundedness mixed with spiritual transcendence. In the sacramental view of the material world, grace always moves through earthly things. William Lynch explores the literary religious imagination in his seminal work Christ and Apollo (1960). Apollo symbolizes eternity, expansiveness, or \"art as dream\" (x), while Christ ","PeriodicalId":29863,"journal":{"name":"EIGSE-A JOURNAL OF IRISH STUDIES","volume":"18 1","pages":"220-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90417877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}