International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Sub Chronic Lead Poisoning on Bodyweight and Weight of Vital Metabolic Organs in Adult Wistar Rats; and the Role of Launaea Taraxacifolia","authors":"O. A. Eluwole","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000158","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Lead is a noxious and accumulative substance in the body system when it exceeds certain threshold concentrations. Its toxicity is multi-systemic. It is associated with a number of physiological, biochemical, and morphological changes, however, discrepancy in organ weight is usually affected by relative weight gain. This study revealed the relationship between sub chronic lead intoxication, vital metabolic organs and the role of treatment on organ changes. Methodology: Seventy three Albino rats of 10 to 12 weeks old weighing 180- 200 grams were used for the experiment. The experimental albino rats were divided into 10 groups (n = 6). One group was allowed free access to distilled water only, while eight groups were allowed free access to lead acetate (2 mg/ml) in drinking water, for 5 weeks consecutively. Seven out of the eight groups were later administered Launaea taraxacifolia (LT) extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p. o), DMSA (Dimecarptosuccinic acid), DMSA + LT, DMSA + VC and VC only for 21 days consecutively. The tenth group was administered LT (100 mg/kg) for 21 days, and later allowed free access to lead acetate in drinking water (2mg/ml) for 5 weeks. The animals were treated and monitored for 35 days and their body weight was taken weekly. Animals were sacrificed on the next day after completion of the duration. Blood was collected for BLL analysis, while respective body organs (liver and kidneys) were taken out for relative organ weight; liver was excised, cleared of adhering fat and weighed. The organs were later subjected to histological studies. Results and Discussion: There was reduction in weight of group treated with Pb and Pb + LT. but there was reduction in weight of the liver and kidneys in group treated with Pb only. However, the study revealed pathological changes and reversal of histological changes in groups treated with DMSA, LT and combination therapy (DMSA+LT, DMSA+VC); which was likely to be due to the effect of antioxidant on sub chronic lead poisoning. Conclusion: The study revealed discrepancies in organ weight with body weight but not significant; however, there was reversal of pathological changes with three doses of Launaea Taraxacifolia.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121522963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity Study of Hematite (Α-Fe2O3) Nanoparticles Synthesized from Aqueous Flower Extract of Butea Monosperma on MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line","authors":"D. Pradhan","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000193","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nanoparticles (Hematite (α-Fe2O3)) have been used as an antimicrobial and disinfectant agent. Nevertheless, there is limited data about antitumor potential. This study has focused on investigating cytotoxic effects of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) from Butea monosperma flower extract on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and its mechanism of action. Materials and Methods: Thus, a green method was created for the synthesis of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) using an aqueous extract of B.monosperma flower. Synthesis of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) was described by different analytical techniques including ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. Cell viability was determined by the 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-a 2, 5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was measured using probe 2', 7'- dichlorofluorescein diacetate and intracellular calcium (Cai2+) was evaluated with probe flu3-AM. Cells were treated with different concentrations of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) (1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL). Results: The results showed that Hematite (α-Fe2O3) hindered cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Hematite (αFe2O3) appeared to have dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells through activation of the ROS generation and an increase in the intracellular Cai2+ (IC50 52 ± 3.14). Conclusion: The results of this preliminary study demonstrated that Hematite (α-Fe2O3) from B monosperma flower extract may be a potential therapeutic potential medicament for human breast cancer treatment.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132740506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative Review: Phytocannabinoids and their Potential Use as a Phytochemotherapy","authors":"P. Panichayupakaranant","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000209","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis sativa L. has been used as an herbal medicine for centuries. This plant is a natural source of cannabinoids, including Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), the two major phytocannabinoids that have been a recently interested research topic on their therapeutic properties. The human endocannabinoid system generally consists of receptors, endogenous ligands, and metabolizing enzymes, and plays an important role in various physiological and pathological effects. Based on cancer therapy, phytocannabinoids have mainly been used for palliative care treatment, i.e. relieving nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy and stimulating appetite. Additionally, in many preclinical experiments, including in vitro and in vivo studies, cannabinoids have exhibited anticancer effects against numerous cancer cell lines through various mechanisms. For example, THC induced apoptosis of cancer cells via cannabinoid receptors by a stimulation of ceramide synthesis led to an activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signaling pathway, and the induction of autophagy through a calmodulin-activated kinase kinase β. In contrast, the anticancer activity of CBD is related to other types of receptors, i.e. orphan G-protein coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1), transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), which mainly relied on the stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to induced cancer cell death. Although, there are many reports on anticancer properties of phytocannabinoids, in vitro and in vivo, high quality clinical trials concerning their efficacy and safety are still essential to approve their potential use as a phytochemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122999184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring of Anticariogenic Activity of Herbal Formulation from Selected Five Medicinal Plants Leaves","authors":"Kalpeh B Ishnava","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000186","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral diseases continue to be a major health problem worldwide. Plant leaves extracts of formulation have great source as anticariogenic compound against oral pathogenic microorganisms, which can be used to treat infectious diseases. Objective: The leaf and their formulation extracts were tested for their effect on anticariogenic organisms under in vitro condition. Attempt was also made to characterize bioactive compounds at primary level. Material and Methods: The dried plant leaves materials are extracted by cold extraction using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water. The solvents were evaporated, and the dried masses were suspended in dimethyl sulfoxide and used for anticariogenic activity by agar well diffusion method. 12 different herbal formulations prepared and evaluation their their efficacy against anticariogenic bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated by two-fold serial broth dilution method. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of effective formulation was carried out by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Results: Plant leaves (Lantana camara var.aculcata (L.) Mold; Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dub; Mangifera indica L; Piper betle L; Syzygium rubicundum Wight & Arn extracts and twelve different formulation prepared by leaves extracts was analysis for their anticariogenic activities against oral microorganisms. All the crude plant leaves extracts and different formulation prepared by leaves extracts exhibited varying degree of growth inhibition in all the oral microorganisms. The activity was determined against, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Maximum zone of inhibition (22 mm) was found when plant leaves extracts of formualtion tested against Lactobacillus casei. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of formulation present the Tannins, Saponins, Steroids and phenolic compound are present.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123913115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Pharmacological Aspects of Achyranthes Aspera","authors":"Navjeet Singh","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000188","url":null,"abstract":"Plant resources constitute an important natural wealth of Country. They play a significant role in providing primary health care service to rural people in addition large number of economic products. In contain secondary metabolites like alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, terpenoid, flavonoid, phenol, volatiles oils and many more compounds with serve as important therapeutic agents. Achyranthes aspera L(Amaranthaceae) is an important medicinal herb found as a weed throughout India. Achyranthes aspera is preninal herbbelonging to family Amaranthaceae. Wide numbers of phytochemical constituents have been isolated from the plant which possesses activities like antiperiodic, diuretic, purgative, laxative antiasthmatic, hepatoportective, anti-allergic and various other important medicinal properties. Traditionally, the plant is used in pneumonia, diarrhea, dysentery, asthma, cough, dropsy, ulcers, piles, rheumatism, scabies snake bite and other skin diseases. It contains the phytochemicals like oleanolic acid, Saponin A and saponin B.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine","volume":"192 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124265172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TENS and Acupuncture in treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome","authors":"M. Al-Zamil","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000210","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To compare efficacy of transcutaneous electro neuron stimulation (TENS) of median nerves and acupuncture in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) Materials and methods: The study included 138patients with a diagnosis of CTS. 30patients received only pharmacotherapy treatment. 36patients received an additional course of high-frequency lowamplitude (HL) TENS, 38 patients a course of low-frequency highamplitude (LH) TENS and 34patients a course of acupuncture. Observed responses to the treatment in study using Pain VAS, Tinel’s and Phalen’s Signs and electromyography of median nerves. Results: Greater reduction of pain and Tinel’s and Phalen’s signs was determined in the application of TENS and acupuncture combined with pharmacotherapy. More significant reduction of pain was noted by HL TENS compared with LH TENS and acupuncture. Intensity of positive Tinel’s and Phalen’s signs was significantly lower with LH TENS and acupuncture compared with HL TENS. The electroneuromyography indicators (Amplitude and latency M-response and velocity of sensory fibres), have improved on the background of the LH TENS and at least after acupuncture (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study TENS and acupuncture enhance efficiency of pharmacotherapy in treatment of CTS reducing the severity of sensory and motor clinical and EMG manifestations of the CTS. Spontaneous pain more decrease by HL TENS. Compression of the median nerve in carpal tunnel more reduced following LH TENS and acupuncture. Significant regression of EMG disorders of median nerve was noted by LH TENS therapy.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy &amp; Chinese Medicine","volume":"66 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130244052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Trends in Herbal Drugs Standardization, Regulation and Integration to the National Healthcare Systems in Kenya and the Globe","authors":"M. Onyambu","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000168","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal medicines contribute to the provision of primary healthcare to millions of people in the world today. With increasing disease burden, there is proportionate increase in demand for those medicines with ethnobotanical evidence of efficacy against communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Because of availability, acceptability and affordability, herbs along with other forms of complementary and alternative medicines have the potential to fulfill the need for universal health coverage as envisaged by world health organization. In this paper, we review the status of herbal medicine use in Kenya and selected countries with a view to highlighting the reasons why some countries have been able to integrate while others have not. There is a general observation that those countries that have been able to define measures for quality assurance and standardization have integrated herbal medicines to their mainstream healthcare systems and have well defined regulatory systems. We conclude that quality remains a challenge and suggest possible approaches for quality control as recommended by WHO. There is a further urgent need to formulate quality assurance mechanisms for highly utilized medicinal products especially for African countries who heavily rely on these forms of medicines for their primary healthcare.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy &amp; Chinese Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128225311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative Nectars for Mankind","authors":"K. S","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000227","url":null,"abstract":"There are plenty of both soft and hot drinks available in the market. Some drinks are good for health and the other drinks are harmful to the body. All the intoxicating drinks spoil our health. Even soft drinks that have chemicals are harmful to the body. In this work, the author unlocks the mysteries and beautiful applications of the traditional knowledge of cutch tree blossom, peepal tree leaves and jujube leaves NECTAR that was used and kept in total secrecy by the Indian Tantra Gurus.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy &amp; Chinese Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128240996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potentials of Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Covid-19 Patients: A Review","authors":"S. Ugariogu","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000213","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 pandemic (corona virus disease 2019 is a life threatening SARS-Cov-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2) situation that was declared a public health emergency by WHO in early 2020. Today’s primary emphasis is on the treatment of COVID-19 yet the specific mode of action of antiviral agents being employed must be identified. At present, the human on risk are being vaccinated but there is no clear anti-COVID 19 medicine. This study focuses on herbal approaches as a potential alternative therapy for COVID-19, based on medicinal plants. Some herbs are well-known in different traditional medicines for prevention, cure and recovery of the diseases like COVID-19. Mostly the plant’s herbal extract inhibits viral replication; however several studies have shown that conventional herbal extracts may interact with important viral proteins associated with the virulence. The update on traditional medicines suggested for the prevention of COVID-19 has been analyzed here.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy &amp; Chinese Medicine","volume":"47 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116302345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Brief Review of Naga (Lead) through Rasaratna Samucchaya","authors":"K. Taviad","doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000164","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Naga Bhasma is widely-used in various herbo-metal formulation of Ayurveda, indicated specially for urogenital and gastro-intestinal disorders such as Prameha (Diabetes), Pradara (leucorrhoea), Atisara (Diarrhoea), Grahani (Malabsorption syndrome), Arsha (Haemorrhoids). Aim: The present work aims to collect and summarize all the information regarding the Naga Bhasma from Rasaratna samuchchaya. Materials and Methods: Critical review of Grahyaagrahyatva, pharmacodynamics properties, Shodhana, Marana procedures, dose, Anupana and formulations of Naga bhasma is compiled from Rasaratna Samucchaya. Therapeutic efficacy of Naga bhasma is discussed on the basis of available data. Results: After critical review, total 45 formulations were observed in Rasaratna samuchchaya. In which maximum number of formulations as an ingredient of Naga bhasma are mentioned in the management of Prameha (13) internally and in the management of Netraroga (12) as an Anjana form externally. Percentage of Naga Bhasma was observed minimum 0.47% to maximum 66.66% in formulations. Conclusion: This review is expected to refurnish the existing knowledge and give an insight to the researchers in this area of education and research.","PeriodicalId":298121,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy &amp; Chinese Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124415963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}