ACS Environmental Au最新文献

{"title":"Refinement and Application of the Absorption Cross-Section of Molecular Bromine with Relevance to Atmospheric Chemistry","authors":"Callum E. Flowerday,&nbsp;Ryan Thalman,&nbsp;Eric T. Sevy,&nbsp;Matthew C. Asplund,&nbsp;Jason J. Sorensen,&nbsp;Jaron C. Hansen","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00050","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bromine (Br₂) plays a crucial role in atmospheric oxidative chemistry, particularly in polar, marine, and stratospheric environments, where it significantly impacts ozone depletion and mercury oxidation. In this study, high-resolution measurements of the Br₂ absorption cross section were evaluated across 325–850 nm (11765 to 30,769 cm^–1), with emphasis on features due to the B³Π_ou ← X¹Σ_g⁺ transition at 530 nm (18,867 cm^–1). UV–vis spectra revealed well-resolved vibronic features, enabling the accurate assignment of absorption peaks. Simulated rovibronic spectra reproduced the measured features and confirmed spectral assignments. The data set produced in this work shows improved signal-to-noise and peak distinction compared to prior studies and reveals differences of up to 25% relative to literature values, and to 6.7% relative to the JPL evaluation values, in structured regions of the spectrum, which directly alters calculated Br₂ photolysis rates used in atmospheric chemistry models. These refined cross sections serve as robust reference data for laboratory and atmospheric research, supporting improved photochemical modeling of reactive halogen species. A broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (BBCEAS) instrument was employed to test the application of the evaluated absorption cross-section in a field-ready instrument and setting. The BBCEAS method achieved a detection limit of 97 ppt and an effective optical path length of 22.6 km, facilitating sensitive detection suitable for field applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"678–686"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148608114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the Possible Impact of PFAS on Phosphatidylcholine Metabolism and Membranes through Molecular Dynamics Simulations","authors":"Lorenzo Pedroni,&nbsp;Chiara Dall’Asta,&nbsp;Luca Dellafiora","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00299","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00299","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are pollutantsdisruptinglipid metabolism and cell membrane integrity with unclear molecularmechanisms. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulationswere used to investigate whether the perfluorinated analogue of palmiticacid (PFHxDA, parametrized through SwissParam) could enter membranelipid metabolism and get embedded in cell membranes, possibly interferingwith their properties. The possible role of PFHxDA as substrate forenzymes involved in the biosynthesis of membrane lipids was studiedby investigating its interaction with two enzymes belonging to thephosphatidylcholine biosynthetic pathway, Acyl-CoA synthetase 5 andCholine Phosphotransferase 1, through 200 ns MD simulations. PFHxDAand metabolic derivatives displayed binding and dynamic behaviorscomparable to native substrates, suggesting they might be either substratesor inhibitors. Concerning membranes, PFHxDA-containing lipids showedaltered bilayer observables such as cholesterol packing, area perlipid, membrane thickness, and membrane density during 300 ns MD simulations,possibly affecting membrane fluidity and organization. Although theoretical,these results provide hypothesis-generating yet compelling mechanisticinsights into PFAS-mediated disruption of lipid metabolism and membraneintegrity, prioritizing specific experimental follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"566–572"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depolymerization of Nylon-6 over a Supported Ruthenium Catalyst to ε-Caprolactam","authors":"Prabin Dhakal,&nbsp;Abdenour Achour,&nbsp;Phuoc Hoang Ho,&nbsp;Aqsa Noreen,&nbsp;Derek Creaser,&nbsp;Louise Olsson","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00272","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00272","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plastic recycling is a crucial process to establish acirculareconomy in the plastic industry and combat the environmental threatcaused by plastic waste. Catalytic hydro-depolymerization, which typicallyuses molecular hydrogen and metal catalysts, is a promising approachto recycling plastic waste. Recent studies have mainly focused onpolyolefin plastics, while heteroatom-containing plastics are alsoconsumed in large quantities and are less studied. In this work, wepresent a novel heterogeneous catalytic process where nylon-6 is efficientlyhydro-depolymerized to produce its monomer (ε-caprolactam).Using ruthenium supported on zirconia with activated hydrogen as anactive and selective catalyst, we received 94% yield of ε-caprolactam,with only 3.4% hexamethylenimine as a byproduct, for the breakdownof nylon-6 at 350 °C and 30 bar H₂. The depolymerizationof nylon-6 to ε-caprolactam is shown to be sensitive to Ru particlesize, with the disruption of the semicrystalline structure of nylon-6being a prerequisite for C–N bond cleavage. A low metal loadingof 2.3 wt % Ru, with a particle size of 9.5 ± 2.3 nm, was themost efficient catalyst. XPS and H₂-TPR revealed that thesmaller Ru particles were easier to reduce, and this is suggestedto be the reason for the higher activity. Moreover, we propose thatRu-supported catalysts, in conjunction with activated hydrogen, exerta synergistic effect, facilitating both the alteration of crystallinityand the cleavage of C–N bonds, thereby enhancing the depolymerizationrate of nylon-6. The robustness of the catalyst system is studiedusing plasticizers and additives. Interestingly, the addition of watercould suppress byproduct formation, resulting in 100% selectivity.Additionally, the reusability of the catalyst is demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"589–607"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation Dynamics of Metal Ions and Complexes by Aquatic Organisms: An Extended Best and Michaelis–Menten Framework for the Interplay between Chemodynamics, Bioavailability, and Biouptake Kinetics","authors":"Jérôme F. L. Duval,&nbsp;Herman P. van Leeuwen,&nbsp;Raewyn M. Town","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00293","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.5c00293","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study elaboratesa theoretical framework to understand metalbioaccumulation beyond the limitations of the equilibrium-based BioticLigand Model (BLM). By integrating the dynamics of metal speciationin aquatic media with the kinetics of metal biouptake, the formalismpredicts metal bioavailability under conditions where the BLM fails,such as high degrees of metal complexation, diffusion-limited metaluptake, and/or internalization of intact metal complexes. The theoryaccounts for the reactive transport of free metal ions and complexes,incorporating different uptake mechanisms by facilitated and passivediffusion. Extended Best expressions are derived for the flux of metalbiouptake by coupling extracellular metal chemodynamics (intertwineddiffusion and complexation) with Michaelis–Menten uptake kinetics.The approach provides a unified rationale for various bioaccumulationsituations, including the uptake of lipophilic complexes, and theconcomitant uptake of free and complexed metals through distinct orshared diffusion-facilitated pathways with competitive, noncompetitive,and/or uncompetitive inhibitions. Computational examples are detailedto illustrate the intricate interplay between metal species transportdynamics and biouptake kinetics for all bioaccumulation cases, particularlyaddressing how the metal internalization flux is impacted by the (bioavai)labilityof metal complexes, whether or not they are internalized intact. Thebenefits of the formalism are further illustrated through an analysisof well-characterized experimental data on neodymium (Nd) uptake by <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> in the absence/presence of well-definedorganic ligands. This analysis not only derives key metal biouptakeand bioaffinity parameters but also provides solid evidence of theBLM’s failure to describe the data. The quantitative interpretationof Nd bioaccumulation data leads to the identification of two potentialuptake mechanisms, and a methodology to distinguish between them isdiscussed. Overall, this work establishes a more accurate and comprehensivetheoretical foundation for predicting metal bioaccumulation in aquaticsystems, thereby fundamentally challenging the common equilibrium-basedperception of metal bioavailability.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"608–633"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hidden Costs of Soil Degradation: Threats to Global Food Security and Planetary Health","authors":"Peter M. Kopittke,&nbsp;Brigid A. McKenna,&nbsp;Pearl B. Sanchez,&nbsp;Nelda R. Gonzaga,&nbsp;Victor B. Asio,&nbsp;Darryl Nelo S. Aguila,&nbsp;Apolinario B. Gonzaga, Jr.,&nbsp;Luz G. Asio,&nbsp;Nicola Louise Timbas,&nbsp;Maria Cristina L. Colipano,&nbsp;Suzette B. Lina,&nbsp;Peng Wang,&nbsp;Enzo Lombi,&nbsp;Stephen M. Harper","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00058","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humans use soil to supply 97–99% of their calories,butthe unprecedented pressure being placed on soil is now causing rapidsoil degradation, including through erosion, loss of soil organicmatter, acidification, contamination, salinization, and biodiversityloss. Here, we show how this degradation is causing an inherent decreasein global food production─the loss of soil organic matter,for example, is predicted to cause a 4.3% decrease in yields for staplecrops (representing calories for 640 million people) while soil erosionis projected to cause a loss in global crop production of 10% to 2050.While the adverse effects of this degradation on crop yield can oftenbe largely masked or reversed by increased use of anthropogenic inputssuch as fertilizer and irrigation, we show that some forms of soildegradation lead to permanent decreases in food production. Regardless,in all cases, we examine how both the soil degradation itself andthe additional inputs required thereafter to sustain productivityresult in substantial planetary harm, such as through climate changeand eutrophication. It is clear that urgent action is required forensuring both food security and planetary health, including throughthe development of integrated frameworks for improved policy- anddecision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"539–552"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut and Glomerular Barriers Determine Nanoplastic Fate and Systemic Impact","authors":"Melina Yarbakht,&nbsp;Mustafa Kocademir,&nbsp;George Sarau,&nbsp;Stefan Wirtz,&nbsp;Alexandra Ohs,&nbsp;Frank Schweda,&nbsp;Michelle Hinrichs,&nbsp;Mario Schiffer,&nbsp;Silke Christiansen,&nbsp;Janina Müller-Deile","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00069","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nanoplastics (NPs) are increasingly recognized as pervasiveenvironmentaltoxicants; however, their interactions with gut and renal barriersand the resulting systemic consequences remain poorly understood.Here, we studied the uptake of 50 nm polystyrene (PS) nanoparticlesusing a multiscale approach integrating zebrafish models, isolatedperfused mouse kidneys, and <em>in vitro</em> assays to delineateuptake and barrier-dependent organ distribution. In zebrafish larvae,PS-NPs were efficiently absorbed via the intestinal tract, as visualizedby confocal and label-free stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy,leading to gut microbiota dysbiosis and systemic inflammatory responses.Despite widespread systemic dissemination, renal accumulation wasminimal under physiological conditions, whereas both zebrafish andisolated perfused mouse kidneys exhibited substantial PS-NPs retentiononly when the glomerular filtration barrier was disrupted. <em>In vitro</em> glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes readilyinternalized PS-NPs without altering key glomerular identity markers,highlighting their intrinsic uptake capacity that is normally restricted <em>in vivo</em> by barrier integrity. Our findings establish theglomerular filtration barrier as a crucial gatekeeper that preventsrenal nanoplastic deposition. Furthermore, we revealed a microbiota-mediatedaxis that may prime the kidney for environmentally induced stressin the long term.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"687–701"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PFAS Uptake by Plants in Soils Amended with Biosolids Derived from Wastewater with Industrial Input","authors":"Aswin Kumar Ilango,&nbsp;Madhav Kharel,&nbsp;Weilan Zhang,&nbsp;Yanna Liang","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00004","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Per- and polyfluoroalkylsubstances (PFAS) present in biosolidspose challenges for the management of biosolids land application.This study evaluated the phytoremediation potential of a grass-legumemixture derived from a Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) seed blendfor removing PFAS from biosolids-amended soils treated with biochar.Thirteen representative PFAS were monitored in plant tissues overa 92 day greenhouse experiment. Results showed that PFAS uptake wassignificantly influenced by soil type, biochar type and dose, andbiosolids characteristics. Notably, biosolids derived from a mixtureof industrial and domestic wastewater, containing higher concentrationsof PFAS precursors (1515.9 ± 1.89 μg/kg), resulted in reducedplant biomass and lower ΣPFAS removal of 0.3–0.7% comparedto 1.0–2.5% of ΣPFAS removal with biosolids comprisingPFAS precursors of 6.30 ± 1.89 μg/kg sourced solely fromdomestic wastewater. While low-dose biochar (0.05%) enhanced PFASuptake under certain conditions, higher doses (5%) generally stabilizedPFAS, reducing their bioavailability. Isotopically labeled PFHxS andPFNA confirmed these patterns, with chain length influencing uptakeefficiency. Leaching tests using water revealed that biochar amendmentsreduced PFAS leachability in Scantic soil but increased it in Woodbridgesoil, highlighting the need for site-specific remediation strategies.Overall, PFAS phytoextraction was less effective in biosolids derivedfrom mixed industrial and domestic sources compared with those fromdomestic wastewater alone. This study highlights the importance oftailoring phytoremediation and biochar applications to biosolids compositionand soil properties to ensure safe and effective PFAS management.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"643–653"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tutorial on Best Practices and Pitfalls in Applying Machine Learning to Environmental Research","authors":"Zidong Yan,&nbsp;Jiaqi Li,&nbsp;Weican Zhang,&nbsp;Haonan Wen,&nbsp;Hao Yu,&nbsp;Miao Yu,&nbsp;Qian Liu,&nbsp;Guibin Jiang","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00025","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Machine learning (ML) has become a powerful paradigmfor extractingstructures from complex environmental data and supporting scientificinference across diverse subfields. Its potential, however, is oftenlimited by gaps in the appropriate application of domain knowledgeto machine-learning workflows, variability in data quality, and methodologicalchoices that can distort model behavior or its interpretation. ThisTutorial provides practical guidance on how domain expertise can beeffectively integrated into the design of environmentally meaningfulmachine learning models and outlines a coherent workflow that integratescrucial stages, including data preprocessing, model development, evaluation,and interpretability. It also examines recurring pitfalls that arisealong this pipeline and explains how they shape the credibility andreliability of machine-learning findings in environmental contexts.By consolidating these principles, this Tutorial aims to provide researcherswith a clearer foundation for using machine learning in ways thatare scientifically grounded, methodologically rigorous, and betteraligned with the needs of environmental decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"553–565"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical Properties of Fine and Coarse Fly Ash Aerosol Particles from Waste Incineration","authors":"Fanny Bergman,&nbsp;Jenny Rissler,&nbsp;Sara Janhäll,&nbsp;Michael Strand,&nbsp;Edvin Elmroth,&nbsp;Karin Karlfeldt Fedje","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00018","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the physicochemical properties of fly ashfrom industrialand municipal solid waste incineration is essential for its safe andefficient utilization. This study investigated the particle size distributionand elemental size partitioning in fly ash aerosols from a waste-to-energy(WtE) facility with grate-fired boilers, along with the compositionof boiler deposits and ash collected in the electrostatic precipitator(ESP). The physicochemical properties of fly ash were investigatedusing online aerosol instruments combined with size-selective collection(low-pressure impactor and cyclone-filter setup) for gravimetric andelemental analyses. The particle size distribution was multimodal,with a distinct mass peak at 0.5 μm well separated from twooverlapping modes at 30 and 200 μm. Fine particles (&lt;1 μm)represented 16% of the total mass but were dominant in number. Elementalanalysis showed that fine particles mainly consisted of Cl, Na, K,Zn, and S. Fine particles were enriched in potentially toxic yet valuablemetals (Zn, Cd, Cu, Sb, Pb, Sn). Coarse particles (&gt;1 μm)weredominated by Ca, Si, and Al, while the above-mentioned metals weredepleted. Boiler ash resembled the coarse fraction, and ESP ash wasa mix of both fine and coarse particles. Increased knowledge of theelemental composition in different size fractions may enable large-scalesize separation for improved resource recovery and safer utilization.The composition of the fine particles support targeted salt or metalrecovery, while coarse particles are suitable for construction applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"654–664"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Waste to Resource: Biosolids from Sludge Treatment Wetlands as Biofertilizers and Biostimulants","authors":"Ana Cano-Larrotta,&nbsp;Luisa Massaccesi,&nbsp;Enrica Uggetti,&nbsp;Mirko Cucina","doi":"10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00070","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsenvironau.6c00070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research assessed biosolids from sludge treatmentwetlands(STW) as possible biofertilizers, comparing them with digestate, compost,and microalgae biomass in greenhouse trials involving three crops(i.e., lettuce, radish, and ryegrass). Additionally, the potentialbiostimulant effects were evaluated through bioassays conducted undercontrolled conditions using water extracts of the biosolids. The biosolidsshowed a notable increase in radish growth compared with the unfertilizedcontrol, with increases of 93% and 95% in fresh and dry weight, respectively.The protein content of all crops grown under biosolids treatment wassimilar to that of microalgae, and it exceeded the control treatmentsby 6%, 9%, and 17% for lettuce, ryegrass, and radish, respectively.Furthermore, using biosolids reduced nutrient loss through leaching(i.e., N mineral forms), which was observed in urea treatments. Phytohormone-likebioassays revealed that biosolids extracts showed gibberellin-likeactivity, aiding seed germination and growth. Biosolids extracts alsodelayed senescence by slowing chlorophyll breakdown in wheat leavesand stimulated secondary root formation in bean seedlings. Overall,the results demonstrated the dual role of STWs’ biosolids asbiofertilizers and biostimulants, with performance comparable to ureaand most of the biofertilizers used for comparison. Future studiesshould include field trials to confirm agronomic performance underreal conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29801,"journal":{"name":"ACS Environmental Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"702–714"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}