{"title":"Ligand-Free Cerium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Fluorination of Carboxylic Acids.","authors":"Maham Azhar, Tianyou Peng, Osama El-Sepelgy","doi":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00024","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a ligand-free, cerium-catalyzed decarboxylative fluorination of carboxylic acids via photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) catalysis. This method utilizes readily available carboxylic acids as radical precursors, enabling the selective formation of alkyl fluorides under mild conditions. The protocol tolerates diverse carboxylic acids with a high functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies confirm that the reaction proceeds via alkyl radical generation through light-induced LMCT of cerium-(IV) carboxylate followed by fluorine transfer. This efficient and cost-effective strategy provides a sustainable route to fluorinated molecules relevant to pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":29797,"journal":{"name":"ACS Organic & Inorganic Au","volume":"5 3","pages":"166-170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Organic & Inorganic AuPub Date : 2025-04-23DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c0002410.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00024
Maham Azhar, Tianyou Peng and Osama El-Sepelgy*,
{"title":"Ligand-Free Cerium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Fluorination of Carboxylic Acids","authors":"Maham Azhar, Tianyou Peng and Osama El-Sepelgy*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c0002410.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00024https://doi.org/10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00024","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We report a ligand-free, cerium-catalyzed decarboxylative fluorination of carboxylic acids via photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) catalysis. This method utilizes readily available carboxylic acids as radical precursors, enabling the selective formation of alkyl fluorides under mild conditions. The protocol tolerates diverse carboxylic acids with a high functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies confirm that the reaction proceeds via alkyl radical generation through light-induced LMCT of cerium(IV) carboxylate followed by fluorine transfer. This efficient and cost-effective strategy provides a sustainable route to fluorinated molecules relevant to pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":29797,"journal":{"name":"ACS Organic & Inorganic Au","volume":"5 3","pages":"166–170 166–170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144202485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photochemical Functionalization of 4‑Diazoisoquinoline-1,3(2<i>H</i>,4<i>H</i>)‑diones and Their 1‑Sulfoxide Analogues.","authors":"Joseph P Milton, Dorota Gryko","doi":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00017","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isoquinoline-1,3-(2<i>H</i>,4<i>H</i>)-diones have been the subject of numerous studies toward new pharmaceuticals, and therefore novel, mild functionalizations of this scaffold are highly desirable. As diazo compounds are versatile reagents in organic synthesis, 4-diazoisoquinoline-1,3-(2<i>H</i>,4<i>H</i>)-diones should give access to a broad range of various derivatives. Indeed, they enable the introduction of fluorinated moieties via photochemical O-H insertion reactions in serviceable yields, typically in under 2 h. Exchanging the 1-carbonyl group with the sulfoxide moiety causes a hypsochromic shift in the absorption of the diazo compounds, and thus, violet light is required for effective O-H and S-H insertion reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29797,"journal":{"name":"ACS Organic & Inorganic Au","volume":"5 3","pages":"205-210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Organic & Inorganic AuPub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c0001710.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00017
Joseph P. Milton, and , Dorota Gryko*,
{"title":"Photochemical Functionalization of 4-Diazoisoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-diones and Their 1-Sulfoxide Analogues","authors":"Joseph P. Milton, and , Dorota Gryko*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c0001710.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00017https://doi.org/10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00017","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Isoquinoline-1,3(2<i>H</i>,4<i>H</i>)-diones have been the subject of numerous studies toward new pharmaceuticals, and therefore novel, mild functionalizations of this scaffold are highly desirable. As diazo compounds are versatile reagents in organic synthesis, 4-diazoisoquinoline-1,3(2<i>H</i>,4<i>H</i>)-diones should give access to a broad range of various derivatives. Indeed, they enable the introduction of fluorinated moieties via photochemical O–H insertion reactions in serviceable yields, typically in under 2 h. Exchanging the 1-carbonyl group with the sulfoxide moiety causes a hypsochromic shift in the absorption of the diazo compounds, and thus, violet light is required for effective O–H and S–H insertion reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29797,"journal":{"name":"ACS Organic & Inorganic Au","volume":"5 3","pages":"205–210 205–210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144202715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Märt Lõkov, Carmen Kesküla, Sofja Tshepelevitsh, Marta-Lisette Pikma, Jaan Saame, Dmitri Trubitsõn, Tõnis Kanger, Ivo Leito
{"title":"The Acidity of Weak NH Acids: Expanding the p<i>K</i> <sub>a</sub> Scale in Acetonitrile.","authors":"Märt Lõkov, Carmen Kesküla, Sofja Tshepelevitsh, Marta-Lisette Pikma, Jaan Saame, Dmitri Trubitsõn, Tõnis Kanger, Ivo Leito","doi":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00095","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen heterocycles and aromatic amines are well-known and widely used compounds that are usually not seen as acids, although in organic solvents like acetonitrile (MeCN) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) their acidic properties can be observed. In this work, the acidities (p<i>K</i> <sub>a</sub> values) of 37 such weak NH acids were determined in acetonitrile and presented together with computational gas-phase acidities and literature p<i>K</i> <sub>a</sub> values in DMSO. In the course of the work the weakest acids range (from p<i>K</i> <sub>a</sub> 29 upward) of the MeCN acidity scale has been revised and expanded to around 33.5 by adding 31 compounds in that specific region and the span of experimental p<i>K</i> <sub>a</sub> values in MeCN is now more than 30 orders of magnitude. The relations between the structure and acidity of a selection of the studied compounds have been investigated in MeCN and DMSO. The measured p<i>K</i> <sub>a</sub> values in MeCN and the gathered p<i>K</i> <sub>a</sub> values in DMSO were used for a correlation analysis between the two solvents and for assessing the quality of p<i>K</i> <sub>a</sub> conversion equations. A number of p<i>K</i> <sub>a</sub> values have been predicted in MeCN from p<i>K</i> <sub>a</sub> values in DMSO via the correlation analysis and p<i>K</i> <sub>a</sub> conversion equations.</p>","PeriodicalId":29797,"journal":{"name":"ACS Organic & Inorganic Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"144-155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Organic & Inorganic AuPub Date : 2025-03-13DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c0009510.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00095
Märt Lõkov*, Carmen Kesküla, Sofja Tshepelevitsh, Marta-Lisette Pikma, Jaan Saame, Dmitri Trubitsõn, Tõnis Kanger and Ivo Leito,
{"title":"The Acidity of Weak NH Acids: Expanding the pKa Scale in Acetonitrile","authors":"Märt Lõkov*, Carmen Kesküla, Sofja Tshepelevitsh, Marta-Lisette Pikma, Jaan Saame, Dmitri Trubitsõn, Tõnis Kanger and Ivo Leito, ","doi":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c0009510.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00095https://doi.org/10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00095","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nitrogen heterocycles and aromatic amines are well-known and widely used compounds that are usually not seen as acids, although in organic solvents like acetonitrile (MeCN) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) their acidic properties can be observed. In this work, the acidities (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> values) of 37 such weak NH acids were determined in acetonitrile and presented together with computational gas-phase acidities and literature p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> values in DMSO. In the course of the work the weakest acids range (from p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> 29 upward) of the MeCN acidity scale has been revised and expanded to around 33.5 by adding 31 compounds in that specific region and the span of experimental p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> values in MeCN is now more than 30 orders of magnitude. The relations between the structure and acidity of a selection of the studied compounds have been investigated in MeCN and DMSO. The measured p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> values in MeCN and the gathered p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> values in DMSO were used for a correlation analysis between the two solvents and for assessing the quality of p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> conversion equations. A number of p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> values have been predicted in MeCN from p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> values in DMSO via the correlation analysis and p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> conversion equations.</p>","PeriodicalId":29797,"journal":{"name":"ACS Organic & Inorganic Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"144–155 144–155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivanna G R Juliani Costa, Patrick R Batista, Marcelo T de Oliveira, Ataualpa A C Braga
{"title":"Mechanistic Study on Copper- and Silver-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Internal Alkynes: A DFT Study.","authors":"Ivanna G R Juliani Costa, Patrick R Batista, Marcelo T de Oliveira, Ataualpa A C Braga","doi":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00004","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study employs DFT calculations and the independent gradient model (IGM) approach to investigate a mechanism study of the hydroboration reaction of internal alkynes catalyzed by Ag-(I)-IMes and Cu-(I)-IMes complexes. A detailed analysis of the mechanism's steps revealed that Cu-(I)-IMes exhibits superior efficiency, showing a more favorable energy pathway than Ag-(I)-IMes. The IGM method was crucial for quantifying molecular interactions, highlighting essential differences in binding forces between catalysts and substrates throughout the catalytic steps. For Cu-(I)-IMes, the migratory insertion step (TS1) demonstrated a barrier 2.5 times lower than its Ag-(I)-IMes counterpart. Additionally, the protonation step (TS2) exhibited lower energy for Cu-(I)-IMes compared to Ag-(I)-IMes, indicating a more efficient formation of the desired β-product. The results also suggest that Cu-(I)-IMes operates on a more efficient pathway, with lower energy for the catalytic cycle. These findings, coupled with detailed analyses of molecular interactions using the IGM method, provide an enhanced understanding of the reaction mechanism, highlighting the promising efficacy of Cu-(I)-IMes as a catalyst in hydroboration reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29797,"journal":{"name":"ACS Organic & Inorganic Au","volume":"5 3","pages":"181-193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Organic & Inorganic AuPub Date : 2025-03-11DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c0000410.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00004
Ivanna G. R. Juliani Costa, Patrick R. Batista, Marcelo T. de Oliveira and Ataualpa A. C. Braga*,
{"title":"Mechanistic Study on Copper- and Silver-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Internal Alkynes: A DFT Study","authors":"Ivanna G. R. Juliani Costa, Patrick R. Batista, Marcelo T. de Oliveira and Ataualpa A. C. Braga*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c0000410.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00004https://doi.org/10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00004","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The present study employs DFT calculations and the independent gradient model (IGM) approach to investigate a mechanism study of the hydroboration reaction of internal alkynes catalyzed by Ag(I)-IMes and Cu(I)-IMes complexes. A detailed analysis of the mechanism’s steps revealed that Cu(I)-IMes exhibits superior efficiency, showing a more favorable energy pathway than Ag(I)-IMes. The IGM method was crucial for quantifying molecular interactions, highlighting essential differences in binding forces between catalysts and substrates throughout the catalytic steps. For Cu(I)-IMes, the migratory insertion step (TS1) demonstrated a barrier 2.5 times lower than its Ag(I)-IMes counterpart. Additionally, the protonation step (TS2) exhibited lower energy for Cu(I)-IMes compared to Ag(I)-IMes, indicating a more efficient formation of the desired β-product. The results also suggest that Cu(I)-IMes operates on a more efficient pathway, with lower energy for the catalytic cycle. These findings, coupled with detailed analyses of molecular interactions using the IGM method, provide an enhanced understanding of the reaction mechanism, highlighting the promising efficacy of Cu(I)-IMes as a catalyst in hydroboration reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29797,"journal":{"name":"ACS Organic & Inorganic Au","volume":"5 3","pages":"181–193 181–193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsorginorgau.5c00004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144202714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Azmy, Alissa Brooke Anderson, Mina Bagherifard, Neelam Tariq, Kamal E S Nassar, Ioannis Spanopoulos
{"title":"When Pore Met Semi: Charting the Rise of Porous Metal Halide Semiconductors.","authors":"Ali Azmy, Alissa Brooke Anderson, Mina Bagherifard, Neelam Tariq, Kamal E S Nassar, Ioannis Spanopoulos","doi":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00093","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metal halide semiconductors (MHS) are a versatile class of materials with fully customizable mechanical and optoelectronic properties that have proven to be prominent candidates in numerous impactful applications. Finding a way to generate porosity in MHS would bestow upon them an additional node in property engineering, thus allowing them to be utilized in uncharted technologies. Motivated by this promise, we developed a general strategy to render the MHS porous. We employed molecular cages as structure-directing agents and countercations, which fostered a new family of materials: porous metal halide semiconductors (PMHS). The presence of molecular cages gave rise to ultramicroporous structures imposed by the organic part cavities and a record water stability performance of 27 months so far. In this Perspective, we discuss the principles and promises of PMHS, which combine the merits of porous and electronic compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":29797,"journal":{"name":"ACS Organic & Inorganic Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Organic & Inorganic AuPub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c0009310.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00093
Ali Azmy, Alissa Brooke Anderson, Mina Bagherifard, Neelam Tariq, Kamal E. S. Nassar and Ioannis Spanopoulos*,
{"title":"When Pore Met Semi: Charting the Rise of Porous Metal Halide Semiconductors","authors":"Ali Azmy, Alissa Brooke Anderson, Mina Bagherifard, Neelam Tariq, Kamal E. S. Nassar and Ioannis Spanopoulos*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c0009310.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00093https://doi.org/10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00093","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Metal halide semiconductors (MHS) are a versatile class of materials with fully customizable mechanical and optoelectronic properties that have proven to be prominent candidates in numerous impactful applications. Finding a way to generate porosity in MHS would bestow upon them an additional node in property engineering, thus allowing them to be utilized in uncharted technologies. Motivated by this promise, we developed a general strategy to render the MHS porous. We employed molecular cages as structure-directing agents and countercations, which fostered a new family of materials: porous metal halide semiconductors (PMHS). The presence of molecular cages gave rise to ultramicroporous structures imposed by the organic part cavities and a record water stability performance of 27 months so far. In this Perspective, we discuss the principles and promises of PMHS, which combine the merits of porous and electronic compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":29797,"journal":{"name":"ACS Organic & Inorganic Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"87–96 87–96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}