Renewable Energy Focus最新文献

{"title":"An adaptive heuristic approach for Volt-VAr optimization in distributed generation integrated system","authors":"Deepak Porwal,&nbsp;Manoj Fozdar,&nbsp;Rajive Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Volt-VAr optimization (VVO) is an important tool in improving the efficiency of distribution system by simultaneously coordinating voltage and reactive power both. Today, loads are largely dependent on voltage and thus, this voltage-dependence affects both real and reactive power. So, minimizing apparent power is more important than minimizing the energy. VVO enables distribution system utilities to run their network on comparatively lower voltage which ultimately increases energy savings. Devices such as, on load tap changers (OLTC), and voltage regulators (VRs) are commonly adopted techniques to regulate/boost the voltage. Capacitive banks (CBs) are also used to inject reactive power (VAr) into the system keeping the operational constraints and system constraints specified and satisfied. This paper presents a new methodology of Volt-VAr optimization using Genetic algorithm considering a variety of constraints. The test is performed on IEEE-69 bus system and results validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141142930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed modelling and performance analysis of power flow topology in a hybrid electric vehicle having series-parallel architecture","authors":"Sheikh Fareed Mohammad ,&nbsp;Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh ,&nbsp;Md Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Naiyer Mumtaz ,&nbsp;Salman Hameed","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2024.100579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite massive investment and carbon-neutral transition goals set around the world, gasoline-based internal combustion engine vehicles still form an absolute majority in the transportation sector. With the advent of technology, access to electricity, uncertainties in fuel prices and health awareness, people worldwide are moving towards a better, reliable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly mode of transportation, a hybrid electric vehicle. Such a vehicle, with its powerful electric motor and compact gasoline-based engine, offers better efficiency in terms of operating cost and reliability. Considering the advent of hybrid electric vehicles taking pace, studies related to its architecture types, power flow dynamics, control and modelling of its various components will form an essential part of the automobile industry and research. This paper proposes a power flow topology for a hybrid electric vehicle with series-parallel architecture. The developed vehicle model with such an architecture type consists of three main sub-systems: the electrical system, the control system and the mechanical system. The presented power flow topology being modelled and analysed in detail in the Simulink tool is being implemented via a mode logic controller, which forms part of the central control system. The developed hybrid electric vehicle model demonstrates various modes of operation, from starting to accelerating to de-accelerating and then finally coming to a complete rest. Each mode yields and explains the following: the vehicle reference speed; the engine and generator turn functions on/off; the dc bus and battery voltage; the motor, battery, and generator current; the motor, generator, and engine speed; engine torque; engine power; throttle demand; and the vehicle’s actual speed. The results thus obtained show that the waveforms associated with such topology, during its various modes of operation, are pretty stable and acceptable, thereby depicting and validating the operation of the developed hybrid electric vehicle model with proposed power flow topology in a precise and transparent manner.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100579"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140951704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A chaos game optimization algorithm-based optimal control strategy for performance enhancement of offshore wind farms","authors":"Mohamed A.M. Shaheen ,&nbsp;Hany M. Hasanien ,&nbsp;S.F. Mekhamer ,&nbsp;Hossam E.A. Talaat","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2024.100578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a novel application of the chaos game optimization (CGO) algorithm to optimally design PI controllers for power electronic interface circuits of offshore wind farms (OWF) consisting of a permanent magnet synchronous generator powered by a variable-speed wind turbine. The OWF is linked to the network via a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system. The CGO metaheuristic method is employed to fine-tune voltage source converter (VSC)-based HVDC transmission systems’ proportional-integral controller gains. The study explores multiple strategies to extract the highest power from the system while ensuring stability under symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault conditions. The CGO algorithm consistently yields superior results to other algorithms, improving system regaining and stability post disturbances. Consequently, the technique enhances the dynamic and transient stability of the OWF. The detailed study is implemented using MATLAB/Simulink.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140948485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of drone sqadron optimisation based MPPT controller for grid implemented PV battery system under partially shaded conditions","authors":"Debabrata Mazumdar ,&nbsp;Pabitra Kumar Biswas ,&nbsp;Chiranjit Sain ,&nbsp;Furkan Ahmad ,&nbsp;Taha Selim Ustun ,&nbsp;Akhtar Kalam","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2024.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, growing consumer demand for sustainable energy is driving down costs and paving the way for more clean energy in the future. Since these energies are sporadic, and the load pattern does not correlate to their generation pattern, a battery storage system is required. Operating dispersed alternative energy sources, connected to the grid in this situation makes energy control an unavoidable task. The difficulty is brought on by things like intermittent sources, daytime costs, solar panel and battery size restrictions, and limitations in battery charging and discharging rates. Moreover, integrating energy storage devices into the power system network is one of the recommendations made in this work to increase the performance and dependability of these systems. Compared to the existing works reported in the literature, this study offers enhanced control techniques for hybrid Photovoltaic and Battery Energy Storage System under fluctuating atmospheric scenario. Here, an innovative approach called Drone Squadron Optimisation, which tracks the Global Maximum Power Point, is used get maximum power. Further, suggested approach is tested with various partial shading instances and the uniform irradiance condition to validate it. This research also investigates photovoltaic models and the status of the battery storage device for improved energy management in the system. Finally, the proposed algorithm assists in quickly identifying the potential benefits of a grid-connected, battery-powered rooftop solar system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140879757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewable energy potential in the State of Palestine: Proposals for sustainability","authors":"Yasser F. Nassar ,&nbsp;Hala J. El-Khozondar ,&nbsp;Mohamed Elnaggar ,&nbsp;Fady F. El-batta ,&nbsp;Rifa J. El-Khozondar ,&nbsp;Samer Y. Alsadi","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2024.100576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Renewable energy is not only a viable economic choice in Palestine, but it is also an imperative requirement to end the country's current energy crisis, which is particularly acute in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The main focus of this study, which makes it the most thorough in its sector, is showcasing Palestine's distinct renewable energy potentials (thermal solar, PV, wind, biomass, and hydropower). The System Advisor Model software (SAM) was used to predict the power potentials for a year. The results indicate that Palestine has a significant potential for PV power generation within 1,700 kWh/kWp. Wind energy can see a considerable difference in capacity, with a mean power density in the high mountains of WB of 600 W/m², a mean power density for all of WB of 300 W/m², and a relatively low power density for GS of less than 100 W/m². Options for investments in the high seas and with the nearby Arabic nations were also offered. About 1,717 GWh of energy equivalent comes from biomass resources. It is determined that the best designed system can produce 82 % of the total while only 18 % is purchased from the grid using HOMER to retrieve the optimum on-grid hybrid energy system. Furthermore, only 70.7 % of the energy produced is consumed, with the remainder being sold back to the grid. Therefore, using renewable energy sources in addition to the grid is advised to cut costs and potentially generate income. Reduce reliance on fossil fuels and combat global warming, as well.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140893376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of battery energy storage systems’ operation strategies for peak shaving in industries with or without installed photovoltaic capacity","authors":"César Cienfuegos ,&nbsp;Pedro M. Rodrigo ,&nbsp;Iván Cienfuegos ,&nbsp;Arturo Diaz-Ponce","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2024.100574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Battery energy storage systems can address energy security and stability challenges during peak loads. This study examines the integration of such systems for peak shaving in industries, whether or not they have photovoltaic capacity. The battery-sizing problem has been analyzed extensively. However, most analyses assume a specific battery operation strategy and ignore the impact of battery-charging schemes on system behavior. In this paper, the authors compare three different operation strategies for charging batteries in an industrial peak-shaving application based on historical demand data from a large electricity consumer in El Salvador. The three strategies are fast charging, time-based charging, and low-power threshold charging. The study analyzes the possible integration of a photovoltaic system with two different sizes for a range of battery sizes (from 250 to 1,500 kWh capacity), examining optimal peak shaving levels, economic savings, and battery degradation. Results indicate that fast-charging reduces monthly billing but degrades batteries faster. The estimated lithium-ion battery lifespan is 10-10.5 years, with a maximum difference of five months. These differences could affect the life cycle economics due to the high costs of battery replacement. The economic savings achieved by the peak shaving operation of the storage system are not enough to compensate the battery investment in this study. However, other case studies with different load profiles or other locations with more expensive electricity tariffs could make the adoption of these systems economically viable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140824175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity analysis of electrodes spacing media for evaluating alkaline electrolyzer performance through CFD modeling","authors":"Hani Muhsen ,&nbsp;Mohammad Alshawabkeh ,&nbsp;Mohammed Al-Mahmodi ,&nbsp;Adel Ghanem ,&nbsp;Ala'aldeen Al-Halhouli","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2024.100575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alkaline Water Electrolyzer (AWE) technology shows promising potential for shifting towards green hydrogen production. With the growing global interest in green hydrogen, understanding the dynamics of AWE systems becomes crucial to improving their performance. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a novel sensitivity analysis aspect to investigate the correlation within parameter variables associated with AWE's electrode separation media. These parameters include electrode-diaphragm gap, temperature, diaphragm thickness, and porosity, aiming to evaluate their impact on AWE current density. The methodology involves the development of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, conducting a parametric study, performing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and sensitivity testing within specified parameter ranges. The findings show that diaphragm porosity has a considerable effect, especially between 15 % and 60 % porosity, where the trend levels off at higher values. The electrode-diaphragm gap trend reveals a sensitive, nonlinear increase in cell current density as the gap decreases from its average, with a 75 % decrease yielding over 100 % higher current density, while adjustments beyond 10 mm have minimal impact on current density despite significant variations in other parameters. A 50 % temperature rise increases current density by 40 %, while a 50 % diaphragm width reduction modestly boosts current density by around 10 %. Understanding these sensitivities is vital for optimizing AWE's performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140824174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of optimal power flow with combined heat and power dispatch of renewable wind energy based power system using chaotic driving training based optimization","authors":"Chandan Paul ,&nbsp;Tushnik Sarkar ,&nbsp;Susanta Dutta ,&nbsp;Provas Kumar Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2024.100573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) based optimal power flow (OPF) problem has been studied in this article using a new, practical approach based on chaotic driving training optimization (DTBO) (CDTBO). In the proposed technique (CDTBO), the chaotic based learning is integrated with DTBO to overcome the local optimal problem and inferior convergence speed of the existing algorithms. OPF is an important concern to retain the power system running effectively. In order to meet the demand for reasonably priced power generation with optimal power flow in transmission lines, the authors combined CHPED and OPF. Since fuel is changing daily in the current environment, using renewable energy sources to generate electricity economically is crucial. The renewable energy source like wind energy is integrated with thermal units for economic power generation with reducing the thermal fuel consumption of CHPED-based OPF system. The proposed technique implemented on CHPED based IEEE-30 bus system for renewable and without renewable energy sources with considering different cases. The suggested problem considering with valve point loading of thermal units, transmission losses and uncertainties of wind speed to address the non-linearity of the renewable-based CHPED-OPF system. Cost minimization, voltage deviation control, transmission losses minimization and stability index are the single objectives of the prospective system. Furthermore tested on multi-objective functions for simultaneously minimization of cost with emission and simultaneously minimization of active power loss with voltage profile. It is observed that the proposed CDTBO technique helps to reduce the cost by 2% and 12.8% for renewable based system as compared to non-renewable system for multi-objective function. The robustness of the proposed solution has been verified by implementing the statistical analysis on two systems with least variation of mean and optimal values of cost with the tolerance of less than 0.0035%. A comparison has been made with recent well known optimization techniques to address the superiority of the suggested CDTBO algorithm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100573"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140818411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of microgrid protection for addressing challenges and solutions","authors":"Kunal Kumar ,&nbsp;Prince Kumar ,&nbsp;Susmita Kar","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2024.100572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The world is endeavoring to transition to clean, renewable resource-based power generation systems such as wind and solar due to decreasing fossil fuel availability, a severe increase in power demand, environmental pollution, and global warming caused by unwanted gas emissions from current fossil fuel-based conventional power generation systems. An emerging technology, Microgrid (MG), has the capability to interface power generated from multiple distributed generation energy resources (DGER) such as wind, solar, fuel cells, biomass, geothermal, diesel engine generators, electric vehicles (EVs), and energy storage systems like batteries, compressed air storage, supercapacitors, and flywheels. This complexity in control and protection renders traditional power grids outdated. MGs are designed to operate in two modes: grid-connected mode (GCM) and islanded mode (IM), addressing power demand increases, transmission issues, and electricity storage challenges. MGs offer numerous advantages for power systems, yet their integration into distribution networks presents various challenges in protection systems, including fault current (FC) under different operating conditions, bidirectional fault current flow, unexpected relay tripping, disconnections due to sudden accidents, and cybersecurity issues. This paper provides a comprehensive review of various protection issues associated with MG and its possible solutions as suggested by various researchers.</p><p>© 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140542846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial neural network-based nonlinear control and modeling of a DC microgrid incorporating regenerative FC/HPEV and energy storage system","authors":"Umm e Ammara,&nbsp;Syeda Shafia Zehra,&nbsp;Saqib Nazir,&nbsp;Iftikhar Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2024.100565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study addresses the challenge of mitigating global warming by focusing on DC microgrids integrating renewable energy sources. The research specifically explores the modeling and nonlinear control design of DC microgrids featuring a novel renewable source called hybrid photoelectrochemical and voltaic cells (HPEV), alongside fuel cells and an energy storage system. The HPEV and fuel cells serve as primary sources, while the energy storage system includes a battery bank and ultracapacitor as secondary power sources. The primary objective is to derive a mathematical model for the considered DC microgrid, ensuring each power source maximizes output despite disturbances and varying climatic conditions. To optimize power extraction from HPEV, an artificial neural network is implemented. Subsequently, a nonlinear sliding mode control is applied to manage and stabilize the DC bus voltage, with global asymptotic stability confirmed through Lyapunov stability criteria. Additionally, the study introduces an energy management algorithm for effective power management within the microgrid. The system’s efficiency is validated through MATLAB Simulink simulations under variable load demands, comparing the results with those obtained from a Lyapunov redesign controller. The study concludes with real-time hardware-in-loop experiments, further validating the system’s performance and comparing experimental results with simulated outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29780,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy Focus","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140539617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}