The Open Communication Journal最新文献

{"title":"Comparison & Magnitude Credibility: Whom to Trust When Reports are Conflicting?","authors":"Shuhua Zhou, Hongzhong Zhang, Bin Shen","doi":"10.2174/1874916X01408010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874916X01408010001","url":null,"abstract":"This study used the concepts of comparison credibility and magnitude credibility to assess perceived news media credibility in China. It also investigated which sources people trusted more when they encountered conflicting reports regarding different kinds of stories including entertainment news, disaster news and political news. A random sample from three major metropolises (n = 1,844) were telephone interviewed. Results indicated that television was perceived as the most trustworthy. Regardless of the type of stories, people trusted national Chinese media over other media outlets. Implications on credibility research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":297766,"journal":{"name":"The Open Communication Journal","volume":"362 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123428962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Poll Bias and Inference of Biased Poll Impact in the 2010 U.S. Midterm Elections: Media Performance in the Eyes of the Beholder","authors":"R. Wei","doi":"10.2174/1874916X20130503002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874916X20130503002","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the role of perceptions of opinion polls in assessing media performance in the 2010 midterm elections using data collected in a southern state. Results show strong hostile media effect in viewing the favorability of the polls and the third-person effect in assessing the impact of the polls on others and oneself. Moreover, results indicate that the influence of hostile polls on the perceived effect of these polls on oneself relative to others was mediated by poll exposure. Perception of hostile polls was found to be negatively related to poll exposure. The hotile perception indirectly affects perceived effects of polls on oneself and others, which in turn directly affects support for restrictions of election polls. The theretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":297766,"journal":{"name":"The Open Communication Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115533428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speaking the Language of Love: On Whether Chapman’s (1992) ClaimsStand Up to Empirical Testing","authors":"D. Polk, Nichole Egbert","doi":"10.2174/1874916X20130423001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874916X20130423001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores and tests the claims made by Chapman (1992) in his popular press book, The Five Love Languages: How to Express Heartfelt Commitment to your Mate. One of Chapman's fundamental claims is that couples where partners receive their respective preferred love languages experience higher quality relationships than couples who do not. Couples (N = 83) reported their preferences for and tendencies to demonstrate Chapman's five love languages. They also completed measures of relational quality. Descriptive results revealed different potential couple combinations in terms of feeling and giving preferred love languages, and suggest that few couples meet Chapman's criteria for high relational quality. After collapsing couple combinations to reflect matched, mismatched, or partially matched couples (in terms of feeling and giving their love language preferences), a significant result surfaced regarding assessments of relational quality. More specifically, matched and mismatched couples' reports of relational quality exhibited less discrepancy than partially matched couples. Other results from tests of ANOVA and MANOVA provided little empirical support for Chapman's notions of love languages.","PeriodicalId":297766,"journal":{"name":"The Open Communication Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129061435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mediating Role of Visual-Verbal Redundancy on the Perceived Effectiveness of Antismoking Messages","authors":"Jie Xu","doi":"10.2174/1874916X01206010029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874916X01206010029","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the mediating role of visual-verbal redundancy on the impact of three features, namely, message sensation value (MSV), message cognition value (MCV), and smoking scenes, on the perceived effectiveness of antismoking messages among young adults. Recent literature examining the effects of the three major message characteristics presents contradictory results, which is argued to be affected by the factor of how ad structure and content are organized. Using a within-subject experimental design, the mediation analyses indicate that the visual-verbal redundancy mediates the relationship between message effectiveness and three message features. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":297766,"journal":{"name":"The Open Communication Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121266371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antecedents of Knowledge Gaps: Parenting Knowledge and Early Childhood Cognitive Development-Review and Call for Research","authors":"C. Gaziano","doi":"10.2174/1874916X01206010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874916X01206010017","url":null,"abstract":"Communication researchers have long been concerned about knowledge gaps, but few realize that knowledge gaps are rooted in early childhood learning differentials to which socioeconomic disparities contribute. The purpose of this paper is to illuminate understanding of the processes that contribute to knowledge gaps during the earliest stages of life and to invite communication researchers to study early childhood interventions, which can be considered communica- tion interventions. Communication researchers seldom may be directly concerned with early developmental processes, but they may wish to become more involved in such interventions. Ultimately, communication outcomes for adults can be en- hanced. Early interventions aimed at primary caregivers at risk of poor parenting can improve parenting knowledge and proficiency, thereby contributing to enhanced cognitive development of their children. The prenatal and early postnatal periods are times when parents are both vulnerable and open to support and new information. Three examples of knowl- edge measurement instruments and three examples of interventions to facilitate parental sensitivity to their infants' cues and to enhance parents' knowledge of child development are described. Researchers are encouraged to conceptualize fu- ture research with prospective, longitudinal designs, which could begin even before babies are born and follow children from birth through adolescence or adulthood, drawing concepts also from socialization theories. Communication re- searchers seldom may think about children in the context of the knowledge gap, but perhaps the time has come for them to use their talents and work with child development professionals and those in related areas to reduce parenting knowledge and skills gaps.","PeriodicalId":297766,"journal":{"name":"The Open Communication Journal","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123443852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Examination of Perceived Relational Messages that AccompanyInterpersonal Communication Motivations","authors":"Gwen A. Hullman, Audrey Goodnight, Jessica Mougeotte","doi":"10.2174/1874916X01206010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874916X01206010001","url":null,"abstract":"Interpersonal scholars are concerned about what motivates people to communicate with one another, and how motivation manifests itself in dyadic interaction. Rubin, Perse, and Barbato (1988) identified the main motives for interpersonal communication: control, inclusion, affection, relaxation, pleasure, and escape. Although Myers and Ferry (2001) examined interpersonal communication motives and immediacy behaviors in general, there is a dearth of research addressing how nonverbal cues or messages correlate to motives in specific communication events. Examining the nonverbal layer that accompanies a verbal message is an important step in interpersonal communication motives research. Most of the meaning of a message is derived from the nonverbal layer of the message (Mehrabian, 1969). Incongruent verbal and nonverbal messages are more difficult to interpret than are congruent messages (Burgoon & Bacue, 2003). In addition, the sender of incongruent messages might \"come across as smug, insincere, or patronizing\" (p. 194). Schrader (1994) found, however, that messages attempting to convince an adversary were rated more appropriate when accompanied by nonverbal indicators of immediacy and intimacy, not dominance. In this case, incongruent behaviors preserved a favorable impression of the sender. Given these findings, it makes sense to examine whether or not nonverbal messages seem to complement or contradict the motivation of the message. Nonverbal cues normally tell us little about the messages when viewed in isolation from one another. Burgoon and Hale (1984) argued that relational messages encompass \"both the verbal and nonverbal expression that indicate how two or more people regard each other, regard their relationship, or regard themselves\" (p. 193). Although they identified several relational messages, Dillard, Solomon, and Palmer (1999) argued that substantive relational messages could be subsumed into two larger categories: dominance and affiliation. This study examines how nonverbal cues are interpreted in terms of dominance and affiliation for messages motivated by the three primary interpersonal communication motives: control, inclusion, and affection. The findings will illuminate how speakers package messages according to the motive for the communication.","PeriodicalId":297766,"journal":{"name":"The Open Communication Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132797550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication Needs of Hispanic Patients: Sudden Speechlessness Simulation","authors":"C. Rodriguez, M. Troche, Alexandra R Johnson","doi":"10.2174/1874916X01206010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874916X01206010008","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine whether Spanish-dominant individuals had unique communication needs during a hypothetical event resulting in sudden speechlessness (SS), relative to an established template of messages with their respective graphic images/symbols previously validated by English-proficient patients experiencing sudden speechlessness. Spanish-dominant participants were included in a simulation where they became suddenly speechless while hospitalized after a surgical intervention. Participants listed basic care/symptom management needs important to communicate while speechless, identified corresponding illustrations by using a validated template, and/or described or drew pictorial representations appropriate to illustrate each of their needs. Study participants generated messages congruent with the experiences of English-dominant speechless participants by matching a list of messages with at least one picture or symbol included on the template. Participants generated new messages not represented in the original template to communicate about psychosocial needs, immediate needs, clarification/informational needs, and spiritual/faith needs. Results showed that the template in its original state did not meet the range of communication needs experienced by the Spanish-dominant study participants. Culturally specific input was essential to convey participants' communication needs during a period of speechlessness. Validation of study findings by Spanish-dominant individuals experiencing communication disorders will assist to further evaluate if messages and illustrations included on a revised template are representative of communication needs during SS periods.","PeriodicalId":297766,"journal":{"name":"The Open Communication Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116832262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and the Knowledge Gap: Time to Reconceptualize the“Content”","authors":"Leo W. Jeffres, D. Atkin, H. Fu","doi":"10.2174/1874916X01105010030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874916X01105010030","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge gap perspective is a seminal theory of mass communication effects, one that bears wider consideration in the information sciences literature, particularly as converging voice, video and data channels continue to converge and deliver each other's services. Although largely rooted in studies of traditional news media during the postmodern era, these gaps in audience information help define the digital divides accompanying the diffusion of new media channels. Given that over a hundred studies have investigated the knowledge gap—including several meta-analyses (e.g., Gaziano, 1996; Hwang & Jeong, 2009)--the present study provides further conceptual explication via a narrative review of the knowledge gap literature. Yet the knowledge gap may prove to be an important theory describing current phenomena if we apply it in an environment where media have been transformed dramatically, where individual choice and control have increased greatly, and generational differences have become more pronounced. After providing a taxonomy of the different contexts in which knowledge gaps can be explicated, the essay concludes with an argument for moving beyond the \"relativistic\" arguments and considering how the concepts and the theory may be useful in describing reality today.","PeriodicalId":297766,"journal":{"name":"The Open Communication Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130560657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Good for Samsung is Good for Korea: Image Restoration Strategies Used by Samsung After a Whistle-Blowing Corruption Scandal","authors":"Taejin Jung, Ron Graeff, Woomin Shim","doi":"10.2174/1874916X01105010023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874916X01105010023","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to examine the image restoration and renewal strategies a prestigious South Korean company (Samsung) employed in responding to the allegations of wrongdoing made by a whistler-blower. Review of official comments and documents found that the organization used defensive strategies (e.g., transcendence, denial, attack the accuser, bolstering) in order to protect its image. Among defensive strategies, the \"transcendence\" image restoration strategy was the most effective one and successfully made the South Korean public to believe that a few misconducts done by Samsung should be justified to protect the national economy from fierce global economic competitions. Even though crises can be used as a chance for image restoration and organization renewal, Samsung did not carry meaningful and observable actions that essentially renew or correct the problems.","PeriodicalId":297766,"journal":{"name":"The Open Communication Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124831924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punishing Disposition: Sting Operations on the Internet","authors":"J. Shim","doi":"10.2174/1874916X01105010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874916X01105010018","url":null,"abstract":"Given the pervasiveness of illicit pornography on the Internet, pedophiles can easily and quickly access the objects of their sexual preferences, utilizing the unlimited potential of the Internet to lure an unprecedented number of victims. Meanwhile, unrestrained access to supposedly prohibited sites also makes it possible for law enforcement authorities to conduct sting operations designed to apprehend potential sexual criminals via the Internet. However, such strategy raises some legal problems because it heavily relies on one's dispositional aspects in capturing alleged sexual criminals. The lack of a clear definition of disposition makes the issue more complicated. The psychological findings on disposition may clarify the controversy over sting operations online, but less attention has been paid to psychological literature. Based on the review on disposition in psychology, the present study argues that current disposition-oriented court rulings on sting operation claims cannot be justified. Implications of this body of research for law and psychology are also considered.","PeriodicalId":297766,"journal":{"name":"The Open Communication Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125349956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}