Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte最新文献

{"title":"Creation in the Poimandres and in Other Creation Stories","authors":"F. Graf","doi":"10.1515/arege-2020-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2020-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract My paper develops from the observation that the cosmogonies in Ovid’s Metamorphoses and the Hermetic Poimandres are related to each other. After an analysis of Ovid’s text as an example of a diakrisis cosmogony in which the world is created by the sorting out of its originally confused elements, I give a short overview of the history of this type of cosmogony before Ovid. I then analyze the respective cosmogony in the Poimandres as another example of the same typology. A look at the use of diakrisis cosmogonies in late antiquity, including in the first ‘Moral Poem’ of Gregory of Nazianzus, closes the paper and demonstrates the attraction of this cosmogonical model in the Imperial epoch.","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"21-22 1","pages":"411 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2020-0021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42321377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nommer les dieux hittites : au sujet de quelques épithètes divines","authors":"A. Mouton","doi":"10.1515/arege-2020-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2020-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract After a short overview of Hittite divine epithets (Anatolia of the second half of the second millennium BCE), this paper explores the attestations of two particular divine names, namely “the bloody god U.GUR” and “the vengeful nakkiu-/nakkiwa‐s.” These entities are studied in context in order to determine their identity and functions. Through this contextual analysis, it appears that these supernatural entities are held responsible for various anomalies in the context of Luwian rituals probably coming from the Lower Land (south-central Anatolia).","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"21-22 1","pages":"225 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2020-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48019131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herakles and the Order of Zeus in Hesiod’s Theogony","authors":"Warren Huard","doi":"10.1515/arege-2020-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2020-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most of Herakles’ accomplishments as portrayed in Hesiod’s Theogony concern his defeat of various monstrous entities, such as the Nemean lion. By overcoming this “bane to human beings” (πῆμ’ ἀνθρώποις, line 329) and other creatures like it, Herakles does more than make the world safer for human habitation. Significantly, many of these creatures are among the offspring of Echidna and Typhaon/Typhoeus. Zeus must defeat this Typhoeus in order to establish his dominion over the cosmos. It falls to Zeus’ son Herakles to uphold Zeus’ new cosmic order by overcoming the offspring of Typhaon remaining among mortals. Herakles’ role within the Theogony is thus coherent in its cosmogonic dimensions, with Herakles acting both on behalf of Zeus’ order and in opposition to the would-be order of Typhaon/Typhoeus and (perhaps) a Hera not yet aligned with Zeus. Furthermore, through his actions among mortals, Herakles effectively brings this grand cosmogonic conflict down to earth, which serves narratively to better ground the events of the Theogony in the lives of Hesiod’s hearers and readers.","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"21-22 1","pages":"327 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2020-0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48361104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Orphic ‘Bookishness’: Text and Performance in Classical Mystery Religion","authors":"Mark F. McClay","doi":"10.1515/arege-2020-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2020-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The mythical singer Orpheus was credited as the proto-founder of private Dionysiac initiations in Classical Greece, and written hexameter poems attributed to his authorship played an important role in these cults. Since at least the nineteenth century, classical scholars have identified this “bookish” orientation as a defining feature of Orphism. This article approaches Orphic texts using the analytical tools of “material religion” and argues that Orphic textuality is best understood as a medial extension of poetic performance. Like musical-poetic performers, ritual experts drew authority in part from mimêsis of legendary archetypes (Orpheus, Musaeus, Melampus, etc.), and part of the physical text’s function was to make this identification believable for performers in Orphic cults and other low-level genres. In the Derveni Papyrus, however, the book enables a rejection of performance-based expertise in favor of an authority based on textual exegesis.","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"21-22 1","pages":"201 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2020-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49075877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divine Names","authors":"R. Mcinerny","doi":"10.1007/978-94-010-2960-5_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2960-5_9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45265139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Politics of Beginnings: Hesiod and the Assyrian Ideological Appropriation of Enuma Eliš","authors":"Marcus Ziemann","doi":"10.1515/arege-2020-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2020-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article proposes a new way to understand Near Eastern literary and mythological parallels in Hesiod’s Theogony by focusing on the meaning of these parallels for a contemporary Greek audience. In particular, a case study analyzing a parallel shared by the Theogony and Enuma eliš is pursued here to illustrate this approach’s utility. This new approach draws partly on methodologies borrowed from the study of globalization and combines these methodologies with recent insights into the ideological motivations for Greeks’ deployment of Oriental(izing) art in the Orientalizing Period (ca. 750 – 650 BCE). Rather than focusing on individual parallels out of context or on diachronically stable elements that creation stories around the eastern Mediterranean shared, this article instead reconstructs a contemporary ideological background with the Neo-Assyrian Empire at the center of a globalizing Mediterranean. Because the Assyrians invested Enuma eliš with new ideological meaning at this time and broadcast this through their propaganda, the Akkadian creation epic could take on new meaning in an international context. It is consequently possible that specific correspondences Enuma eliš and the Theogony share show Hesiod subverting Assyrian ideological discourses. The subjects discussed here have implications for our broader understanding of Greek-Near Eastern interactions of the Orientalizing Period.","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"21-22 1","pages":"343 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2020-0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48139317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation, authority, and the cultural lives of objects: materiality and ancient religion","authors":"S. Blakely","doi":"10.1515/arege-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Material objects enable human relationships – with other humans, with objects themselves, and with the propositional world of the divine. Humanistic frameworks for the study of materiality have deep roots, from Locke and Tylor’s nineteenth century debates on the boundaries between the human soul and the material world through Bourdieu’s concept of habitus.1 More recently, a hubbub of monographs and scholarly articles on cultures from the American Southwest to India, Mesoamerica, and Europe attest the commitment to approach human religiosity as constituted in and through the material world.2 Agency, affect, textual reflections on material force, magic, spatiality, and ritual implements emerge as repeated themes across these different cultural traditions. The four articles collected here bring the focus to ancient Mediterranean votive, ritual, and magical practice: time, memory, authority, and the confirmation of social groups run as a thread among them, confirming the productivity of materiality as a framework for comparison across discrete material types as well as cultural settings.3 K.A. Rask focuses on accumulation, placement, and familiarity as intersecting factors in the phenomenology of votive practice. The low cost and mass production of the materials, combined with the habitus of well-worn pathways, forges connections between viewers and their predecessors, in whose actions they recognized their own. Clutter is a dynamic, affective spectacle that yields a community of visitors joined by common action, common image, and common space, but through the passage of time rather than a shared temporal frame. Dina Boero addresses distribution rather than accumulation, tracing the cultural biography of pilgrimage tokens from ancient commodity to modern objects with heritage status at risk of destruction and theft. The tokens were the materialized “eulogia” of a single saint and a remembered journey, capable of authorizing applications from cleansing, medicine, and magic to late antique churches. The latter relied on patterns of deposition that invert the highly visi-","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"21-22 1","pages":"125 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2020-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46489832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Familiarity and Phenomenology in Greece: Accumulated Votives as Group-made Monuments","authors":"K. Rask","doi":"10.1515/arege-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Greek devotional activity from the eighth through third centuries included the accumulation of common votive types, many of which exhibited similar motifs and repetitive designs. This paper explores constructed assemblages by focusing on the dedication of objects featuring visual and iconographic “sameness.” Building on the work of D. Morgan and J. González, this paper theorizes Greek votive accumulations as larger conglomerations that impact religious experience through the artifacts’ very number and ubiquity. Evidence from Athens and Corinth suggests that an individual’s personal biography and past movements through the local landscape gave pervasive religious imagery a sense of familiarity and meaningfulness. While the appearance of ubiquitous votives may have been dictated by tradition and manufacturing realities, their use to create monumental votive deposits had phenomenological impact. Drawing on evidence from treasury records and excavated material at a number of Greek sanctuaries, this paper argues that, when they formed assemblages of repetitive religious images, worshippers created larger, dynamic monuments out of individual items. The clustered offerings participated in an “aesthetics of accumulation,” visually and physically linking individuals to a network of other worshippers.","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"21-22 1","pages":"127 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2020-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48919985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ἀρχή and δῖνος: Vortices as Cosmogonic Powers and Cosmic Regulators. Study Case: The Whirling Lightning Bolt of Zeus","authors":"Pierre Bonnechere, Gabriela Cursaru","doi":"10.1515/arege-2020-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2020-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the cosmogonic and eschatological narratives of the origin and end of the world, both in some early myths and in the Presocratics’ systems, the vortex and other spinning motifs act as necessary agents of both order and disorder. Their rapidity induces a separation of opposites, and they jointly cause the resulting masses to move towards their “appropriate” place in the universe and thus produce a constant pendulum between multiplicity and unity. Furthermore, vortices appear to be the cosmic agents of the divine will, and they constantly regulate divine law and justice. Every time the cosmic order they have established is threatened, the Olympians punish the hubristic wrongdoers and protect the equilibrium of the world, using their attributes – e. g., the trident, the kerykeion, or the thyrsus – which often feature whirling shapes, movements, and patterns. The best example is Zeus’ thunderbolt, which is described as a whirling weapon from Hesiod to Nonnos, evoking the tempestuous force and cosmic energy of its origins. Far from being incidental, the vortex was clearly at the centre of the Greek conception of the entire cosmos, from the rotation of the planets to the whirling winds and the tumultuous or serpentine rivers, to the symposium and everyday life, even to turmoil and other spinning inner emotional states.","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":"21-22 1","pages":"449 - 478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2020-0023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48714654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Materiality and Ancient Religion","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/arege-2020-0998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/arege-2020-0998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29740,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Religionsgeschichte","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/arege-2020-0998","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49310772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}