Museums & Social Issues-A Journal of Reflective Discourse最新文献

{"title":"On Race and Museums: Starting Conversations, Embracing Action","authors":"Aleia Brown","doi":"10.1179/1559689315Z.00000000037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1559689315Z.00000000037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this essay, author Aleia Brown reflects on the relationship between race relations in the United States and the ongoing challenges of representation and interpretation of race in museums. The infinite and unresolved nature of Ferguson makes it difficult for museums to address, but by reflecting on the events related to police shootings across the country as well as the history of race in America, museums can be better equipped for interpretation and dialogue.","PeriodicalId":29738,"journal":{"name":"Museums & Social Issues-A Journal of Reflective Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1559689315Z.00000000037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65843230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor's Note","authors":"E. Wood","doi":"10.1179/1559689314z.00000000027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1559689314z.00000000027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29738,"journal":{"name":"Museums & Social Issues-A Journal of Reflective Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1559689314z.00000000027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65842688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating Equitable Ecologies: Broadening Access through Multilingualism","authors":"M.E. Soto Huerta, L. H. Migus","doi":"10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Museums reflect the practices of the dominant culture within the particular society in which they are located. This article examines the effects of museums offering texts, cultural artifacts and experiences in English only, which function to exclude patrons, often visiting in family groups, from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. This article includes explanations of various theoretical frameworks that help to explain how the construction and dynamism of social boundaries impact museum participation and guide considerations about designing and implementing bilingual and multilingual practices. Examples of successful institutional implementation are included. Recent research findings indicate that positive results for museums and visitors are supported when multilingual practices are central to mission statements and institutional sustainability goals.","PeriodicalId":29738,"journal":{"name":"Museums & Social Issues-A Journal of Reflective Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65842478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Multilingualism and Communication of Museum Visitors who are d/Deaf or Hard of Hearing","authors":"Juli Goss, Elizabeth Kunz Kollmann, C. Reich, S. Iacovelli","doi":"10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current conversation of multilingual engagement in museums often focuses on people who use spoken languages. Deafness, and visitors who use signed communication, such as American Sign Language (ASL), is instead placed in the realm of disability engagement. Drawing on relevant literature and contextualized by data gathered through recent visitor research at the Museum of Science, Boston, this article defines how people who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing are a diverse audience with a range of language and communication needs, argues that museums currently support only a subset of this audience, and lays out potential methods for better supporting the needs of all visitors who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing. Three categories of d/Deaf or hard of hearing visitor groups are described, including “Spoken-Focused,” “Simultaneous Language,” and “ASL-Focused.” Whereas written resources support “Spoken-Focused” groups and sign language resources support “ASL-Focused” groups, multilingual groups in which visitors use both ASL and English require further support. In order for museums to better prepare for and engage visitors who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing, museums should not conflate hearing loss with ASL use and understand that there is a wide range of multilingual and communication needs within this diverse audience.","PeriodicalId":29738,"journal":{"name":"Museums & Social Issues-A Journal of Reflective Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65842809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilingual Exhibits: Current Practices, Collective Knowledge, Outstanding Questions","authors":"N. Renner, C. Garibay, Carlos Plaza, S. Yalowitz","doi":"10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Bilingual Exhibits Research Initiative investigated the current state of bilingual exhibits in informal science education by conducting exploratory research in two areas (1) professionals’ current practices related to bilingual exhibition production using English and Spanish; and (2) Spanish-speaking visitors’ perceptions and use of bilingual exhibits. Interviews with staff from a variety of informal science institutions across the country demonstrate that these professionals hold great collective knowledge, yet many questions remain related to the creation of welcoming, accessible learning environments for diverse audiences, and how to create bilingual exhibits with limited resources of staff time, money, and physical space. Staff at organizations without a formal commitment to bilingual exhibits spoke more about costs and logistical challenges. Staff at organizations with a policy or explicit strategic plan affirming an institutional commitment to bilingual exhibits spoke more about their audiences and the means by which they learn about their audiences. Some practitioners reflected that their efforts to serve culturally diverse communities resulted in visitorship of greater cultural diversity.","PeriodicalId":29738,"journal":{"name":"Museums & Social Issues-A Journal of Reflective Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65842424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining Multilingualism in Museums: A Case for Broadening Our Thinking","authors":"C. Garibay, S. Yalowitz","doi":"10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000028","url":null,"abstract":"Museum professionals have long advocated for museums as valuable spaces for education, civic engagement (Archibald 2004; DSP-groep 2011; Hein 2005) and even as places that inspire social change in our communities (Brown, Wood, and Salgado 2009; Sandell 1998). Yet paradoxically, as we argue for the very real value of museums in society, we also struggle with actually engaging allmembers of our communities regardless of class, gender, age, race/ethnicity, or even linguistic background (see, for example, Farrell and Medvedeva 2010). In the case of language, we have arguably been slower to recognize and identify strategies for including multilingual audiences. The reasons for this vary and include, among others, the belief that linguistic diversity is not common, the prediction that youth will primarily speak the dominant language of the nation (meaning it is not necessary to invest in learning how to serve multilingual groups), the view that someone in a group can translate (for instance, children in a family group), and the opinion that developing multilingual resources is too challenging and cost-prohibitive. The prominence of one, or a few, dominant languages used in “official” capacities such as government or business tends to give the impression that linguistic diversity is uncommon. Yet this is far from true. Within Europe’s 48 countries, for instance, approximately 250 indigenous languages are spoken, and migration has made Europe increasingly more multilingual. London, for example, counts more than 300 languages spoken as “home languages” (Gorter et al. 2009). In the United States, more than 60 million people speak a language other than English at home; of this population, one in five are school-aged children. Moreover, many U.S. residents who speak a language other than English at home are not immigrants; 44% of those individuals were born in the United States (Ryan 2013). And, this does not count the estimated 70 million people around the world who use sign language as their first language (World Federation of the Deaf, nd). museums & social issues, Vol. 10 No. 1, April, 2015, 2–7","PeriodicalId":29738,"journal":{"name":"Museums & Social Issues-A Journal of Reflective Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65842791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tomorrow's Museum: Multilingual Audiences and the Learning Institution","authors":"Jennie Martin, Marilee Jennings","doi":"10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article provides a case study that outlines the steps taken on an institutional path that began with a focus on one targeted audience and flourished, through reflection and learning, to become a gateway toward institutional cultural competence. Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose began its journey toward engaging multilingual audiences as an audience development initiative to bring more Latino visitors to the institution. Included are a series of questions to consider when engaging new communities, increasing organizational capacity, and increasing communication and cultural competence for staff.","PeriodicalId":29738,"journal":{"name":"Museums & Social Issues-A Journal of Reflective Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65843214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Languages at Play in the Museum: The Case of Belgium and her Multilingual Arts and Heritage Institutions","authors":"R. Shelley","doi":"10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores multilingual practices in museums by looking to Belgium, where the question of language is a particularly contentious one. Arts and heritage institutions are increasingly called upon to assume a more active role in democratizing the processes of selection, interpretation and display by entering into dialogue with their audiences. Thanks to the variety and diversity already present within their collections, museums are uniquely positioned to provide a platform for engaging multisensory and intercultural encounters, but the problem remains of how to extend these experiences to linguistically diverse audiences in meaningful and inclusive ways. The article draws on research from the field of performance studies to reflect upon emerging knowledge of the processes of performance and reception that take place during an individual's visit to a heritage site or event. It considers the role that languages, in the broadest sense of the word, might play in the exchange between museum and audience.","PeriodicalId":29738,"journal":{"name":"Museums & Social Issues-A Journal of Reflective Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65842573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilingual Spanish-English Intergenerational Groups' Experiences in Bilingual Exhibitions","authors":"S. Yalowitz, C. Garibay, N. Renner, Carlos Plaza","doi":"10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Bilingual Exhibits Research Initiative examined the extent to which Spanish-speaking groups (defined as intergenerational groups who speak Spanish most or all of the time at home) engage in and use Spanish–English bilingual interpretation in informal science education institutions. Thirty-two bilingual Spanish-speaking groups were observed and interviewed about their visit to a bilingual exhibition. Groups were observed to read and talk in both Spanish and English. Adults were more likely to use Spanish compared to children, who used English more often. The groups often engaged in code switching, going back and forth seamlessly between the two languages. The findings confirmed that access to content is an important affordance of including bilingual interpretation, since ability to read in English often varied in intergenerational Spanish-speaking groups. Further research is needed to expand on this exploratory study to determine how institutions can most effectively employ bilingual interpretation for Spanish-speaking visitor groups, given that the use of bilingual interpretation was more complex than originally envisioned.","PeriodicalId":29738,"journal":{"name":"Museums & Social Issues-A Journal of Reflective Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65842710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exhibition Reviews","authors":"Kim Beil, Laurie E. Hicks","doi":"10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000024","url":null,"abstract":"The Possible was not just an exhibition. It was an extraordinarily ambitious social project, which aimed to reimagine the space and purpose of the museum. Guest curated by the Oakland-based artist David Wilson, The Possible transformed the Berkeley Art Museum (BAM) from a site of judgment and static display into a place alive with change and artistic creation. Wilson’s practice often involves collaboration and community organizing. In Arrivals, a recent project that Wilson created for the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the artist prepared a series of handdrawn maps to lead visitors on self-guided walks around the city. Each tour culminated at a site where Wilson and his artistic collaborators had created a sound experience. Visitors could relive these performances by listening to tape recordings that were stashed at the sites. As in Arrivals, The Possible harnessed the creativity of the diverse members of Wilson’s artistic circle, from musicians and performance artists to historians and visual artists, and aimed to share the sometimes solitary experience of making art with other artists and visitors, when they elected to participate in the Sunday workshops. For The Possible Wilson identified more than eighty artistic collaborators and invited them to participate through an elaborate mail-art campaign; this early stage correspondence was documented on the exhibition’s website, the-possible.org. Responding to Wilson’s invitations, the artists proposed workshops to be conducted in makeshift studios in the museum during the course of the exhibition. As artists and workshop participants created work to fill the galleries, the exhibition would evolve continuously during its five months in residence at BAM. The exhibition divided the Museum’s large main gallery into three studios: ceramics, printmaking, and textiles. The walls between these spaces were lined with works in progress and the tools of their creation, from looms and dye vats to Xerox copiers and clay. Upstairs a recording studio hosted musicians and sound artists. Like Jorge Luis Borges’ “The Library of Babel,” the implication was that all art might be contained in these galleries. By offering up the tools of production, one canmake (almost) any artwork imaginable. The exhibition reveled in the inchoate nature of artistic process; the constantly changing gallery displays and open studios presented a direct challenge to the perfection of typical contemporary art exhibitions, whose professional lighting and installation tend to fix the object rather than highlight its potential for flux. museums and social issues, Vol. 9 No. 2, October, 2014, 144–151","PeriodicalId":29738,"journal":{"name":"Museums & Social Issues-A Journal of Reflective Discourse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/1559689314Z.00000000024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65842301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}