Asia-Pacific Language Variation最新文献

{"title":"Same stimuli, same subjects, different perception","authors":"M. Sloos, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1075/APLV.17006.SLO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/APLV.17006.SLO","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Believed dialect influences speech perception by linguistically naïve speakers. How much accent-induced bias affects perception of linguistically trained speakers is still unclear. This study experimentally investigates the influence of believed dialect on plosive perception by subjects who were phonetically and phonologically trained. Identical syllables were presented twice to each subject. In one session, the subjects were informed that the variety was a Mandarin dialect which has voiceless unaspirated and aspirated voiceless stops; and in the other session that it was a Wu dialect, which has voiceless unaspirated, voiceless aspirated, and breathy stops. More breathy stops were reported if Wu was the believed dialect. Plosive phonation in Wu is related to lexical tone, and we show that lexical tone causes another bias to plosive perception. This suggests that linguistically trained transcribers are susceptible to higher order linguistic knowledge and it demonstrates the difficulty of avoiding biased perception when the coder forms a belief about the variety that he/she transcribes. We also advocate speech perception models which include a component that accounts for the role of expected sounds.","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43869282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lexical frequency and syntactic variation","authors":"Xiaoshi Li, R. Bayley","doi":"10.1075/APLV.17005.LI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/APLV.17005.LI","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of exemplar theory, the role of lexical frequency in language variation has been the object of considerable study. Recently, Erker and Guy (2012) extended the analysis of frequency to morphosyntactic variation and examined the role of frequency in variation between null and overt subject personal pronouns (SPPs) in Spanish. Their results suggest that frequency either activates or amplifies the effects of other constraints, such as co-reference. This study extends the study of frequency effects on SPP variation to Mandarin Chinese. Results of multivariate analysis of 6,691 tokens collected from Mandarin speakers in Harbin, China indicate that the effect of frequency on Chinese SPP variation is less than that of other well-established constraints such as co-reference and person and number. The results suggest that the role of frequency in this area of the grammar has been considerably exaggerated. Rather, well-established linguistic constraints provide a better explanation for SPP variation than frequency.","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48053416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-verb constructions in Old Chinese and Middle Chinese","authors":"Wenchao Li","doi":"10.1075/APLV.16013.LI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/APLV.16013.LI","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Multiple verb constructions have been studied intensively in Chinese. However, given the typological differences between the\u0000 Indo-European languages and Chinese, it is no surprise that the application of a ‘Western’ notion, namely ‘serial verb\u0000 construction’ (SVC), has caused much debate. This study provides a working definition of ‘SVC’ in Old Chinese and then turns to\u0000 diachronic issues, for example, the combinatorial possibilities of multiple verbs in Old Chinese, pre-Middle Chinese, and Middle\u0000 Chinese, clarifying which kind of complex constructions may be regarded as verb serialising and which as verb compounding. With\u0000 this in place, the study approaches an understanding of the evolution of multiple verb formations in Chinese. The finding reveals\u0000 that multiple verbs in Old Chinese are combined via verb serialisation. Six combinatorial possibilities are confirmed: (a)\u0000 unergative V + unergative V; (b) transitive V + unaccusative V; (c) unaccusative V + unaccusative V (change of state); (d)\u0000 unergative V + unaccusative V; (e) transitive V + transitive V; (f) unaccusative V + unaccusative V (motion). These can be further\u0000 classified into two groups: Group I: (a)–(d) are successive SVCs; Group II: (e)–(f) are\u0000 coordinate SVCs. In pre-Middle Chinese, there are signs of verb compounding. The occurrence of disyllabic\u0000 word roots in the Early Han Dynasty as well as (de)grammaticalisation may be responsible for this. In Middle Chinese, the\u0000 grammaticalisation of transitive change-of-state verbs, and the degrammaticalisation of motion verbs, led to three different\u0000 lexical categories: (a) partial intransitive change-of-state verbs turned into resultative complements (resulting in [transitive\u0000 V + unaccusative V] SVC transiting into predicate-complement V-V (change-of-state)); (b) partial motion verbs degrammaticalised\u0000 and turned into directional complements (resulting in [unergative V + unaccusative V] SVC transiting into predicate-complement V-V\u0000 (motion)); and (c) the first verb in [coordinate SVC] receives preverbalisation (giving rise to modifier-predicate V-V).","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41827826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of educational factors in the development of lexical splits","authors":"Yuhan Lin","doi":"10.1075/APLV.17004.LIN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/APLV.17004.LIN","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 While variationist literature on sound change has mostly focused on chain shifts and mergers, much less is written about splits\u0000 (Labov, 1994, 2010). Previous literature\u0000 shows that the acquisition of splits is unlikely unless motivated by social factors (Labov,\u0000 1994). The current study presents an apparent time analysis on the development of two phonemic splits, the initial\u0000 /s/-/ʂ/ contrast and the initial /ɻ/-/l/ contrast, in Xiamen Mandarin, a contact variety of Putonghua, the\u0000 official language in China. Statistical results showed similar patterns for both variables: younger speakers and female speakers\u0000 are leading the change; the distinction between two phonemes are more distinct in wordlist than in the sociolinguistic interview.\u0000 By examining the sociolinguistic situation in Xiamen, the paper discusses two potential factors that have led to these sound\u0000 changes: the regional campaign for Putonghua and the emphasis of Pinyin, a phonetically-based orthography, in the\u0000 education system.","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42202512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender variation in signs of sexual behaviour in Hong Kong Sign Language","authors":"M. X. Wei, Felix Sze, Aaron Wong","doi":"10.1075/APLV.17002.WEI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/APLV.17002.WEI","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper discusses possible gender variation in the signs of sexual behaviour in Hong Kong Sign Language (HKSL). The data comes\u0000 from a research project that aims at documenting and analyzing sex-related signs in this sign language for the sake of producing\u0000 materials for sex education and interpreter training programs. Since sex is a highly taboo topic, euphemistic signs for the target\u0000 concepts were collected and analyzed. This paper presents evidence that linguistic variation of neutral and euphemistic\u0000 expressions of sex-related concepts exists in HKSL, and that gender plays a role in the choice of some but not all variants and\u0000 their euphemistic counterparts.","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49361155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diglossia and change from below in Eastern Cham","authors":"K. Baclawski","doi":"10.1075/APLV.17003.BAC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/APLV.17003.BAC","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Diglossia canonically refers to language situations with unequal attitudes towards a formal ‘H’ variety, connected to writing, and\u0000 a colloquial ‘L’ variety, connected to everyday speech. This paper claims that variation that arises as a marker of diglossia can\u0000 become dissociated from it and persist in the L variety, if it is sufficiently orthogonal to the writing system. With a\u0000 sociolinguistic survey (n = 30), this paper examines five variables that were markers of quasi-diglossia in\u0000 Eastern Cham in previous decades. Three of the variables continue to be stereotypes or shibboleths of diglossia, while the other\u0000 two no longer exhibit any correlation with diglossia: the spirantization of r and the labial coarticulation of\u0000 ŋ. The latter were changes from below that decoupled from diglossia, because they were sufficiently opaque to\u0000 Cham script.","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47141365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation and change in Toronto heritage Cantonese","authors":"Holman Tse","doi":"10.1075/APLV.2.2.02TSE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/APLV.2.2.02TSE","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents the first sociophonetic study of Cantonese vowels using sociolinguistic interview data from the Heritage Language Variation and Change in Toronto Corpus. It focuses on four allophones [iː], [ɪk/ɪŋ], [uː], and [ʊk/ʊŋ] of two contrastive vowels /iː/ and /uː/ across two generations of speakers. The F1 and F2 of 30 vowel tokens were analyzed for these four allophones from each of 20 speakers (N = 600 vowel tokens). Results show inter-generational maintenance of allophonic conditioning for /iː/ and /uː/ as well as an interaction between generation and sex such that second-generation female speakers have the most retracted variants of [ɪk/ɪŋ] and the most fronted variants of [iː]. This paper will discuss three possible explanations based on internal motivation, phonetic assimilation, and phonological influence. This will illustrate the importance of multiple comparisons (including inter-generational, cross-linguistic, and cross-community) in the relatively new field of heritage language phonology research.","PeriodicalId":29731,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Language Variation","volume":"2 1","pages":"124-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59305713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}