Razón Crítica最新文献

{"title":"Declive del liderazgo de EE. UU. con Trump y ascenso de China como opción del multilateralismo global","authors":"Jaime Torres","doi":"10.21789/25007807.1507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21789/25007807.1507","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies how global leadership resulting from the Bretton Woods agreements has suffered a decay process, as demonstrated by 2008 financial crisis and the fragility of US, Japan and UE economies, whose importance for world economy has weakened. Meanwhile, President D. Trump fosters the breakdown of multilateralism and, therefore, undermines the global leadership that his country has exercised since World War II. Besides, multilateral financial institutions created in Bretton Woods are not flexible enough to stimulate the economy of developing countries due to their limitations in terms of capital structure and the scarcity of resources. In this context, the most dynamic regions of the globe, China and the Asian countries, could make use of their large financial and technological surpluses, accumulated during the last decades, to boost with greater strength both global economy and institutionalism. The Chinese initiative for the construction of a \"New Silk Road\" is offering the world a different leadership approach –focused on the construction of infrastructure and the unification of acts of willingness to make multiple projects come true, mostly in developing countries– that enables new political spaces to expand multilateralism and fill-up the gaps left by the US.","PeriodicalId":297182,"journal":{"name":"Razón Crítica","volume":"57 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117017424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutos Confucio en Colombia: un análisis desde la teoría de Nye","authors":"Yinny Marcela Blanco Rubiano","doi":"10.21789/25007807.1508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21789/25007807.1508","url":null,"abstract":"Among the foreign policy strategies of a State it is possible to acknowledge the use of culture and political values as a way of attracting the interest of other nations, improve relations and the understanding of other cultures, and, as a consequence, legitimize its power and strengthen its influence, projection and international position. This article studies the creation of Confucius Institutes in Colombia as part of the diplomatic strategy of the People's Republic of China foreign policy to strengthen its position and influence over Latin America. Through methodological tools such as surveys, interviews and field work in the institutes, the operation of the Confucius Institute at Jorge Tadeo Lozano University is explained, as well as the diplomatic elements in its operating model. It is concluded that the implementation of these institutes in Colombia, as in the rest of the world, is part of a strategy of the Asian country to fulfill its national interest objectives through the expansion of its culture and language, following a structured, coordinated and attractive plan.","PeriodicalId":297182,"journal":{"name":"Razón Crítica","volume":"29 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114027992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigación comparada en ciencias sociales: una introducción. Reseña del libro: Morlino, L. (2018). Comparison. A Methodological Introduction for Social Sciences. Opladen, Berlín y Toronto: Barbara Budrich Publishers. 128 pp. ISBN: 978-3-8474-2143-6.","authors":"Martha Gutiérrez","doi":"10.21789/25007807.1360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21789/25007807.1360","url":null,"abstract":"Se trata de un libro dirigido a estudiantes interesados en entender que es el metodo comparativo y como puede ser aplicado, por lo que ha sido escrito de forma simple, en aras de facilitar su comprension, sin dejar de profundizar sobre este metodo fundamental para el analisis empirico de los fenomenos sociales. Para hacerlo, el autor estructura el texto mediante la formulacion de preguntas: por ejemplo, como elegir la pregunta de investigacion (capitulo 1), que es y como se define la comparacion (capitulo 2), por que comparar (capitulo 3), que comparar (capitulos 4 y 5), como comparar (capitulos 6 y 7). Luego pasa a confrontar el metodo comparativo con otros metodos de investigacion (capitulo 8) y finaliza senalando algunos limites de la comparacion (capitulo 9).","PeriodicalId":297182,"journal":{"name":"Razón Crítica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131228007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy Creation to Policy Management: Development of the Brazilian National Government as a “Gatekeeper”","authors":"Marcus Walsh-Führing","doi":"10.21789/25007807.1354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21789/25007807.1354","url":null,"abstract":"The incorporation of National Public Management (npm) in Brazil has challenged the centralizing role of the national government as a policy creator, due to the npm decentralized structure in implementing administrative policy. The author hypothesizes that the introduction of such a decentralized model into the Brazilian national government creates a contradiction to its traditional centralizing role as a policy creator, and forces it to take on the role of a policy manager. This hypothesis is backed up by a research design that relies on process tracing analysis of primary and secondary sources on Brazilian administrative policy in the npm model, and on documentation of neoliberal pressures from the international community to demonstrate the convergence of political discourse. The following analysis will demonstrate the pressure from these political forces on the Brazilian national government to maintain its political legitimacy. This pressure has led to re-centralization by the state in the domestic administrative policy discourse, while the implementation of the npm model and thereof resulting neoliberal policies introduced by the international community have created an administrative decentralized environment. Consequently, the implementation of the npm model has led to fragmentation domestically and challenged the policy agenda of the national government in the centralization of the decision-making process around fiscal and political agendas, while decentralizing the implementation of administrative policies following the npm model with a neoliberal agenda. These findings suggest a need to examine the role of the national government as “Gatekeeper”, particularly in regards to changes toward institutional relationships.","PeriodicalId":297182,"journal":{"name":"Razón Crítica","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126263225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolución jurídica del contenido del deber de justicia en contextos transicionales en Colombia","authors":"Nathalia Gaona","doi":"10.21789/25007807.1348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21789/25007807.1348","url":null,"abstract":"The Colombian State, as an international subject of law, is responsible for ensuring the access to justice through its duty to investigate, judge and sanction everyone responsible of actions considered violations of Human Rights and of the International Humanitarian Law. In Colombia, the development of transitional models and measures intended to put an end to the armed conflict have involved different moments and interpretations around the way of balancing the aspiration of peace and the total satisfaction of justice; ranging from maximalist positions in favor of the duty of assuring full justice, to those approaches that prefer the weighting and integration of principles and values. The development of the current System of Truth, Justice, Reparation and Non-repetition (sivjrnr, in Spanish), within the frame of the Peace Agreement with theFarc guerrilla group, provides an opportunity to consolidate and equilibrate positions with the aim of implementing a truly comprehensive model of transitional justice in our country. KEY WORDS: International duty of justice, Human Rights, International Humanitarian Law, transitional justice. RESUMOO Estado colombiano como um sujeito de direito internacional e responsavel por garantir justica por meio do dever de investigar, processar e punir todos os responsaveis e todos os comportamentos decorrentes de graves violacoes dos direitos humanos e do direito humanitario internacional. O desenvolvimento de modelos e medidas de transicao na Colombia para o final do conflito armado levou implicitos diferentes momentos e interpretacoes sobre como equilibrar o desejo de materializar a paz e a satisfacao do valor absoluto da justica, passando por posicoes maximalistas a favor do dever de assegurar justica plena ate aquelas que tendem pela ponderacao e integracao de principios e valores. O desenvolvimento do atual Sistema de Verdade, Justica, Reparacao e nao Repeticao (sivjrnr), no âmbito do acordo para acabar com o conflito com as Forcas Armadas Revolucionarias da Colombia (Farc), abre a oportunidade para consolidar e equilibrar posicoes, a fim de implantar um modelo verdadeiramente integral de justica de transicao para o nosso pais.","PeriodicalId":297182,"journal":{"name":"Razón Crítica","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122973923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participación ciudadana en escenarios digitales: ¿Es controlada por los jueces?","authors":"Andrea Célemin","doi":"10.21789/25007807.1339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21789/25007807.1339","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes interventions of judges about digital citizenship in Latin \u0000America. The objectives of this work are: (i) to do a review of the literature in \u0000relation to political participation in digital scenarios and (ii) to analyze the \u0000mechanisms of control that, specifically, judges have begun to impose on the \u0000exercise of the digital citizenship. To develop the proposed objectives, it has been \u0000selected a judicial decision in a non-separation powers context, which have been \u0000analyzed using the methodology of case study. In the examined decision, a citizen \u0000used social networks to make political opposition. Different hashtags, photos or \u0000messages, sent by social networks, were used as evidences called in a judicial decision \u0000for imposing legal sanctions. The article initiates a reflection on this type of controls \u0000on the usage of social networking as a mechanism of political opposition. From \u0000these forms of control, the state power determines the \"correct\" ways in which \u0000citizens or political parties can perform the digital citizenship.","PeriodicalId":297182,"journal":{"name":"Razón Crítica","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117317410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La anarquía y las facciones tienen múltiples cabezas. La alegoría de la Medusa y la Hidra en el lenguaje decimonónico rioplatense","authors":"F. Nanni","doi":"10.21789/25007807.1702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21789/25007807.1702","url":null,"abstract":"Similar to what occurred in the Iberian Peninsula with the assimilation of Napoleon Bonaparte as the multi-headed biblical monster, cultural manifestations in Río de la Plata during the first decades of the xix century adopted the use of ancient images —classical and Catholic— to bestow a delegitimizing figure upon the adversaries of this region. As a result of a merge between historiography and discourse analysis, this work seeks to scrutinize the use of classic language features in the political culture of Río de la Plata region at the beginning of the xix century through texts such as Metamorphosis, by the Roman poet Ovid, or General Estoria, by Alfonso X “the wise.” xix century publicists from Río de la Plata put into circulation the metaphor of anarchy and its factions in terms of a permanent regeneration of their heads, thus establishing a kind of political pedagogy where it was convenient to root out the opposing elements, emulating the heroic character of Perseus and Hercules in the ancient myths of Medusa and the Lernaean Hydra. An approach to this scarcely addressed subject is inserted in a corpus of works that try to observe the way in which social actors at Río de la Plata gave meaning and intelligibility to the changes that occurred in this region during the first decades of the XIX century.","PeriodicalId":297182,"journal":{"name":"Razón Crítica","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124304853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}